See gelu on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "pt",
"3": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese gelo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pov",
"2": "djelu"
},
"expansion": "Guinea-Bissau Creole djelu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Portuguese gelo. Cognate with Guinea-Bissau Creole djelu.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "gelu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kabuverdianu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ice"
],
"id": "en-gelu-kea-noun-TLCyUMYl",
"links": [
[
"ice",
"ice"
]
]
}
],
"word": "gelu"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gelidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gelō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "dzer"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: dzer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: dzer"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ger"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: ger",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: ger"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: gelo, gielo (obsolete)\n→ Neapolitan: gelo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: gelo, gielo (obsolete)\n→ Neapolitan: gelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "jélo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: jélo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: jélo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "jelu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: jelu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: jelu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "zel",
"3": "zèil",
"4": "ziel",
"5": "zrù"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: zel, zèil, ziel, zrù",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: zel, zèil, ziel, zrù"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "zer"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: zer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ligurian: zer"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "zêo"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: zêo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: zêo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "zel",
"3": "gel",
"4": "zeld",
"5": "geld",
"6": "gild"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: zel, gel, zeld, geld, gild",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: zel, gel, zeld, geld, gild"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "zel",
"3": "zer",
"4": "gèil",
"5": "ger",
"6": "gel"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: zel, zer, gèil, ger, gel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: zel, zer, gèil, ger, gel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "geło",
"3": "xeło"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: geło, xeło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: geło, xeło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gel"
},
"expansion": "French: gel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gel"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "gèl",
"3": "gèu"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: gèl, gèu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: gèl, gèu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-auv",
"2": "gial",
"3": "giau"
},
"expansion": "Auvergnat: gial, giau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Auvergnat: gial, giau"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lim",
"2": "giau"
},
"expansion": "Limousin: giau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limousin: giau"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "chelo"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: chelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: chelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "xelu",
"3": "xilu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: xelu, xilu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: xelu, xilu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "xeo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: xeo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: xeo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "xelu",
"3": "xielu"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: xelu, xielu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: xelu, xielu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "hielo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: hielo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: hielo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "yelo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tagalog: yelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tagalog: yelo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "ghelu",
"3": "belu",
"4": "gelu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "ghelu, belu, gelu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "ghelu, belu, gelu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "gelo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: gelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: gelo (or perhaps from Leonese)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: gelo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: gelo (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*gel->cold",
"id": "frost"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-",
"4": "",
"5": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). Related to English cold.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gelū",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelūs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gelus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gelū<4.sg>"
},
"expansion": "gelū n sg (genitive gelūs); fourth declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gelū<4.sg>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Hoc gelu, indeclinabile, frost.",
"text": "15th century, A nominale [with a mentioning]. In: Anglo-Saxon and old English vocabularies by Thomas Wright. Second edition. Edited and collated by Richard Paul Wülcker. Volume I: Vocabularies, London, 1884, column 736",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frost"
],
"id": "en-gelu-la-noun-178Mnqbq",
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "la:Temperature",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold, chill"
],
"id": "en-gelu-la-noun-h8jMmTMe",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"chill",
"chill"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡe.luː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛɫ̪uː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒe.lu/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛːlu]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "gelu"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "adjective",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gelu",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gelu",
"name": "osx-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "gelo"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of gelo"
],
"id": "en-gelu-osx-adj-8GxIAf5s",
"links": [
[
"gelo",
"gelo#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "gelu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġeolu"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ġeolu\nMiddle English: ȝelwe, ȝalow, yelow\nEnglish: yellow; yeller, yallow, yaller, yullow (dialectal)\nScots: yella, yelly, yallow",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ġeolu\nMiddle English: ȝelwe, ȝalow, yelow\nEnglish: yellow; yeller, yallow, yaller, yullow (dialectal)\nScots: yella, yelly, yallow"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*jele"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *jele",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *jele"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "jeel"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: jeel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: jeel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "giel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: giel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: giel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: gelo, gelu\nMiddle Low German: gēl\nLow German: gelb\nGerman Low German: geel, gęl, gäl\nHamburgisch: geel\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: gial\nLippisch: gäll\nSauerländisch: giäl, geal, gail, gēäl\nWestmünsterländisch: gääl, geel, gell\nPlautdietsch: jäl",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: gelo, gelu\nMiddle Low German: gēl\nLow German: gelb\nGerman Low German: geel, gęl, gäl\nHamburgisch: geel\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: gial\nLippisch: gäll\nSauerländisch: giäl, geal, gail, gēäl\nWestmünsterländisch: gääl, geel, gell\nPlautdietsch: jäl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*gelo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *gelo\nMiddle Dutch: gēle\nDutch: geel\nLimburgish: gael",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *gelo\nMiddle Dutch: gēle\nDutch: geel\nLimburgish: gael"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: gelo\nMiddle High German: gël (inflected gëlwe)\nAlemannic German:\nAlsatian: gahl, gäl\nSwabian: geal\nCentral Franconian: gäl, jäl, jell\nCimbrian: gel, ghéel (Sette Comuni)\nGerman: gelb; gehl (regional)\n→ Hunsrik: gelleb\nLuxembourgish: giel\nPennsylvania German: gehl\nVilamovian: gaoł\nYiddish: געל (gel), געלב (gelb)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: gelo\nMiddle High German: gël (inflected gëlwe)\nAlemannic German:\nAlsatian: gahl, gäl\nSwabian: geal\nCentral Franconian: gäl, jäl, jell\nCimbrian: gel, ghéel (Sette Comuni)\nGerman: gelb; gehl (regional)\n→ Hunsrik: gelleb\nLuxembourgish: giel\nPennsylvania German: gehl\nVilamovian: gaoł\nYiddish: געל (gel), געלב (gelb)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gelwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gelwaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gelwaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wa-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelweʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelweʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelweʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelweʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelweʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelweʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*gelu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gelu",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"yellow"
],
"id": "en-gelu-gmw-pro-adj-xoWiybqy",
"links": [
[
"yellow",
"yellow"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "blaik"
},
{
"word": "blank"
},
{
"word": "hwīt"
},
{
"word": "blas"
},
{
"word": "falu"
},
{
"word": "grāu"
},
{
"word": "hasu"
},
{
"word": "grīs"
},
{
"word": "hair"
},
{
"word": "blak"
},
{
"word": "swart"
},
{
"word": "raud"
},
{
"word": "brūn"
},
{
"word": "erp"
},
{
"word": "dunn"
},
{
"word": "dusn"
},
{
"word": "gelu"
},
{
"word": "grōnī"
},
{
"word": "blāu"
},
{
"word": "purpurā"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gelu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "pt",
"3": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese gelo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pov",
"2": "djelu"
},
"expansion": "Guinea-Bissau Creole djelu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Portuguese gelo. Cognate with Guinea-Bissau Creole djelu.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "gelu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kabuverdianu entries with incorrect language header",
"Kabuverdianu lemmas",
"Kabuverdianu nouns",
"Kabuverdianu terms derived from Portuguese",
"Kabuverdianu terms inherited from Portuguese",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"ice"
],
"links": [
[
"ice",
"ice"
]
]
}
],
"word": "gelu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin fourth declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Temperature"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gelidus"
},
{
"word": "gelō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "dzer"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: dzer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: dzer"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ger"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: ger",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: ger"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: gelo, gielo (obsolete)\n→ Neapolitan: gelo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: gelo, gielo (obsolete)\n→ Neapolitan: gelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "jélo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: jélo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: jélo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "jelu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: jelu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: jelu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "zel",
"3": "zèil",
"4": "ziel",
"5": "zrù"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: zel, zèil, ziel, zrù",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: zel, zèil, ziel, zrù"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "zer"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: zer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ligurian: zer"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "zêo"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: zêo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: zêo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "zel",
"3": "gel",
"4": "zeld",
"5": "geld",
"6": "gild"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: zel, gel, zeld, geld, gild",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: zel, gel, zeld, geld, gild"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "zel",
"3": "zer",
"4": "gèil",
"5": "ger",
"6": "gel"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: zel, zer, gèil, ger, gel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: zel, zer, gèil, ger, gel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "geło",
"3": "xeło"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: geło, xeło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: geło, xeło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gel"
},
"expansion": "French: gel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gel"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "gèl",
"3": "gèu"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: gèl, gèu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: gèl, gèu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-auv",
"2": "gial",
"3": "giau"
},
"expansion": "Auvergnat: gial, giau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Auvergnat: gial, giau"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lim",
"2": "giau"
},
"expansion": "Limousin: giau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limousin: giau"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "chelo"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: chelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: chelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "xelu",
"3": "xilu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: xelu, xilu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: xelu, xilu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "xeo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: xeo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: xeo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "xelu",
"3": "xielu"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: xelu, xielu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: xelu, xielu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "hielo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: hielo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: hielo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "yelo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tagalog: yelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tagalog: yelo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "ghelu",
"3": "belu",
"4": "gelu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "ghelu, belu, gelu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "ghelu, belu, gelu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "gelo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: gelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: gelo (or perhaps from Leonese)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: gelo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: gelo (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*gel->cold",
"id": "frost"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-",
"4": "",
"5": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). Related to English cold.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gelū",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelūs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gelus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gelū<4.sg>"
},
"expansion": "gelū n sg (genitive gelūs); fourth declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gelū<4.sg>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Hoc gelu, indeclinabile, frost.",
"text": "15th century, A nominale [with a mentioning]. In: Anglo-Saxon and old English vocabularies by Thomas Wright. Second edition. Edited and collated by Richard Paul Wülcker. Volume I: Vocabularies, London, 1884, column 736",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frost"
],
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cold, chill"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"chill",
"chill"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡe.luː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛɫ̪uː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒe.lu/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛːlu]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "gelu"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "adjective",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gelu",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gelu",
"name": "osx-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "gelo"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old Saxon adjectives",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of gelo"
],
"links": [
[
"gelo",
"gelo#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "gelu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġeolu"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ġeolu\nMiddle English: ȝelwe, ȝalow, yelow\nEnglish: yellow; yeller, yallow, yaller, yullow (dialectal)\nScots: yella, yelly, yallow",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ġeolu\nMiddle English: ȝelwe, ȝalow, yelow\nEnglish: yellow; yeller, yallow, yaller, yullow (dialectal)\nScots: yella, yelly, yallow"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*jele"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *jele",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *jele"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "jeel"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: jeel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: jeel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "giel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: giel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: giel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: gelo, gelu\nMiddle Low German: gēl\nLow German: gelb\nGerman Low German: geel, gęl, gäl\nHamburgisch: geel\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: gial\nLippisch: gäll\nSauerländisch: giäl, geal, gail, gēäl\nWestmünsterländisch: gääl, geel, gell\nPlautdietsch: jäl",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: gelo, gelu\nMiddle Low German: gēl\nLow German: gelb\nGerman Low German: geel, gęl, gäl\nHamburgisch: geel\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: gial\nLippisch: gäll\nSauerländisch: giäl, geal, gail, gēäl\nWestmünsterländisch: gääl, geel, gell\nPlautdietsch: jäl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*gelo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *gelo\nMiddle Dutch: gēle\nDutch: geel\nLimburgish: gael",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *gelo\nMiddle Dutch: gēle\nDutch: geel\nLimburgish: gael"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: gelo\nMiddle High German: gël (inflected gëlwe)\nAlemannic German:\nAlsatian: gahl, gäl\nSwabian: geal\nCentral Franconian: gäl, jäl, jell\nCimbrian: gel, ghéel (Sette Comuni)\nGerman: gelb; gehl (regional)\n→ Hunsrik: gelleb\nLuxembourgish: giel\nPennsylvania German: gehl\nVilamovian: gaoł\nYiddish: געל (gel), געלב (gelb)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: gelo\nMiddle High German: gël (inflected gëlwe)\nAlemannic German:\nAlsatian: gahl, gäl\nSwabian: geal\nCentral Franconian: gäl, jäl, jell\nCimbrian: gel, ghéel (Sette Comuni)\nGerman: gelb; gehl (regional)\n→ Hunsrik: gelleb\nLuxembourgish: giel\nPennsylvania German: gehl\nVilamovian: gaoł\nYiddish: געל (gel), געלב (gelb)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gelwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gelwaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gelwaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wa-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelweʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelweʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelweʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelweʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelweʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelweʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gelum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*gelu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gelu",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "blaik"
},
{
"word": "blank"
},
{
"word": "hwīt"
},
{
"word": "blas"
},
{
"word": "falu"
},
{
"word": "grāu"
},
{
"word": "hasu"
},
{
"word": "grīs"
},
{
"word": "hair"
},
{
"word": "blak"
},
{
"word": "swart"
},
{
"word": "raud"
},
{
"word": "brūn"
},
{
"word": "erp"
},
{
"word": "dunn"
},
{
"word": "dusn"
},
{
"word": "gelu"
},
{
"word": "grōnī"
},
{
"word": "blāu"
},
{
"word": "purpurā"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic wa-stem adjectives",
"gmw-pro:Colors"
],
"glosses": [
"yellow"
],
"links": [
[
"yellow",
"yellow"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gelu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gelu meaning in All languages combined (16.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.