See gelu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gelidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gelō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "dzer"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: dzer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: dzer"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ger"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: ger",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: ger"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: gelo, gielo (obsolete)\n→ Neapolitan: gelo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: gelo, gielo (obsolete)\n→ Neapolitan: gelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "jélo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: jélo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: jélo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "jelu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: jelu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: jelu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "zel",
"3": "zèil",
"4": "ziel",
"5": "zrù"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: zel, zèil, ziel, zrù",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: zel, zèil, ziel, zrù"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "zer"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: zer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ligurian: zer"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "zêo"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: zêo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: zêo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "zel",
"3": "gel",
"4": "zeld",
"5": "geld",
"6": "gild"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: zel, gel, zeld, geld, gild",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: zel, gel, zeld, geld, gild"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "zel",
"3": "zer",
"4": "gèil",
"5": "ger",
"6": "gel"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: zel, zer, gèil, ger, gel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: zel, zer, gèil, ger, gel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "geło",
"3": "xeło"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: geło, xeło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: geło, xeło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gel"
},
"expansion": "French: gel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gel"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "gèl",
"3": "gèu"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: gèl, gèu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: gèl, gèu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-auv",
"2": "gial",
"3": "giau"
},
"expansion": "Auvergnat: gial, giau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Auvergnat: gial, giau"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lim",
"2": "giau"
},
"expansion": "Limousin: giau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limousin: giau"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "chelo"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: chelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: chelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "xelu",
"3": "xilu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: xelu, xilu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: xelu, xilu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "xeo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: xeo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: xeo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "xelu",
"3": "xielu"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: xelu, xielu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: xelu, xielu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "hielo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: hielo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: hielo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "yelo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tagalog: yelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tagalog: yelo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "ghelu",
"3": "belu",
"4": "gelu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "ghelu, belu, gelu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "ghelu, belu, gelu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "gelo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: gelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: gelo (or perhaps from Leonese)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: gelo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: gelo (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*gel->cold",
"id": "frost"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-",
"4": "",
"5": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). Related to English cold.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gelū",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelūs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gelū<4.sg>"
},
"expansion": "gelū n sg (genitive gelūs); fourth declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gelū<4.sg>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Hoc gelu, indeclinabile, frost.",
"text": "15th century, A nominale [with a mentioning]. In: Anglo-Saxon and old English vocabularies by Thomas Wright. Second edition. Edited and collated by Richard Paul Wülcker. Volume I: Vocabularies, London, 1884, column 736",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frost"
],
"id": "en-gelu-la-noun-178Mnqbq",
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "la:Temperature",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold, chill"
],
"id": "en-gelu-la-noun-h8jMmTMe",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"chill",
"chill"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡe.luː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛɫ̪uː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒe.lu/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛːlu]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gelus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gelum"
}
],
"word": "gelu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin fourth declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Temperature"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gelidus"
},
{
"word": "gelō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "dzer"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: dzer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: dzer"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ger"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: ger",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: ger"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: gelo, gielo (obsolete)\n→ Neapolitan: gelo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: gelo, gielo (obsolete)\n→ Neapolitan: gelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "jélo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: jélo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: jélo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "jelu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: jelu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: jelu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "zel",
"3": "zèil",
"4": "ziel",
"5": "zrù"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: zel, zèil, ziel, zrù",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: zel, zèil, ziel, zrù"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "zer"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: zer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ligurian: zer"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "zêo"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: zêo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: zêo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "zel",
"3": "gel",
"4": "zeld",
"5": "geld",
"6": "gild"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: zel, gel, zeld, geld, gild",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: zel, gel, zeld, geld, gild"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "zel",
"3": "zer",
"4": "gèil",
"5": "ger",
"6": "gel"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: zel, zer, gèil, ger, gel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: zel, zer, gèil, ger, gel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "geło",
"3": "xeło"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: geło, xeło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: geło, xeło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gel"
},
"expansion": "French: gel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gel"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "gèl",
"3": "gèu"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: gèl, gèu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: gèl, gèu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-auv",
"2": "gial",
"3": "giau"
},
"expansion": "Auvergnat: gial, giau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Auvergnat: gial, giau"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lim",
"2": "giau"
},
"expansion": "Limousin: giau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limousin: giau"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "chelo"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: chelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: chelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "xelu",
"3": "xilu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: xelu, xilu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: xelu, xilu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "xeo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: xeo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: xeo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "xelu",
"3": "xielu"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: xelu, xielu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: xelu, xielu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "hielo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: hielo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: hielo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "yelo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tagalog: yelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tagalog: yelo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "ghelu",
"3": "belu",
"4": "gelu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "ghelu, belu, gelu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "ghelu, belu, gelu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "gelo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: gelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: gelo (or perhaps from Leonese)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gelo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: gelo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: gelo (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*gel->cold",
"id": "frost"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-",
"4": "",
"5": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). Related to English cold.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gelū",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelūs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gelū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gelū<4.sg>"
},
"expansion": "gelū n sg (genitive gelūs); fourth declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gelū<4.sg>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Hoc gelu, indeclinabile, frost.",
"text": "15th century, A nominale [with a mentioning]. In: Anglo-Saxon and old English vocabularies by Thomas Wright. Second edition. Edited and collated by Richard Paul Wülcker. Volume I: Vocabularies, London, 1884, column 736",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frost"
],
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cold, chill"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"chill",
"chill"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡe.luː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛɫ̪uː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒe.lu/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛːlu]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gelus"
},
{
"word": "gelum"
}
],
"word": "gelu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gelu meaning in Latin (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.