See espina on Wiktionary
{
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"1": "ast",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Latin spīna.",
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{
"form": "espines",
"tags": [
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]
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{
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"id": "en-espina-ast-noun-8N0ZDBPE",
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[
"spine",
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]
],
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{
"word": "espinazu"
}
],
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"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "espina"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espina bífida"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espina cervina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espina dorsal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espina santa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espina vera"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espina-xoca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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}
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{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
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],
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{
"form": "espines",
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"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
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"thorn, spike"
],
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"botany",
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[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
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"spike",
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]
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"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) thorn, spike"
],
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"feminine"
],
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},
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{
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{
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],
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[
"anatomy",
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[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
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"(anatomy) spine"
],
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{
"word": "espina dorsal"
},
{
"word": "columna vertebral"
}
],
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"feminine"
],
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"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fishbone"
],
"id": "en-espina-ca-noun-D2u2rnOU",
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[
"fishbone",
"fishbone"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[əsˈpi.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[esˈpi.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "espina"
}
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{
"args": {
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"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
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},
"expansion": "Latin spīna",
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}
],
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{
"form": "espinas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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},
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},
"expansion": "espina f (plural espinas)",
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],
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "17 3 1 0 17 17 8 0 15 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"thorn"
],
"id": "en-espina-oc-noun-BJruvsjr",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Mistralian"
],
"word": "espino"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q942602-Davidgrosclaude-espina.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q942602-Davidgrosclaude-espina.wav/LL-Q942602-Davidgrosclaude-espina.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "espina"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Occitan: espina",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "Occitan: espina"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Latin spīna.",
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{
"form": "espinas",
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"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espina",
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},
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"g2": "",
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},
"expansion": "espina f (oblique plural espinas, nominative singular espina, nominative plural espinas)",
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},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "espina f (oblique plural espinas, nominative singular espina, nominative plural espinas)",
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{
"kind": "other",
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],
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"thorn"
],
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[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "espina"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "alambre de espinas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "corona de espinas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dar mala espina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espina bífida"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espina colorada"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espina dorsal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espina santa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espinado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espinal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espinar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espinazo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espinilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espino"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espinoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "espinudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gato de espinas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "no hay rosa sin espina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "uva espina"
}
],
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{
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"5": "",
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish espina",
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},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Spanish espina",
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},
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"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
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},
{
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"4": "",
"5": "sharp point"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Spanish espina, from Latin spīna, from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinas",
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"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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],
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"thorn"
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"thorn",
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],
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{
"word": "aguja"
},
{
"word": "púa"
},
{
"word": "pincho"
}
],
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"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fishbone"
],
"id": "en-espina-es-noun-D2u2rnOU",
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[
"fishbone",
"fishbone"
]
],
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"feminine"
]
},
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],
"glosses": [
"spine, backbone, spinal column"
],
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[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
],
[
"spinal column",
"spinal column"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) spine, backbone, spinal column"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "espina dorsal"
},
{
"word": "espinazo"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/esˈpina/"
},
{
"ipa": "[esˈpi.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "espina"
}
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"expansion": "espina",
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],
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],
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"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
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{
"_dis": "16 1 33 40 9",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "espinar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of espinar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-espina-es-verb-ZOBMha7H",
"links": [
[
"espinar",
"espinar#Spanish"
]
],
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"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of espinar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-espina-es-verb-XSN6aUDa",
"links": [
[
"espinar",
"espinar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/esˈpina/"
},
{
"ipa": "[esˈpi.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "espina"
}
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],
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"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin spīna.",
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{
"form": "espines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"3": "",
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"5": "",
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"7": "plural",
"8": "espines",
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"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "espina f (plural espines)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "espines"
},
"expansion": "espina f (plural espines)",
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],
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"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
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"Asturian feminine nouns",
"Asturian lemmas",
"Asturian nouns",
"Asturian terms derived from Latin",
"Asturian terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"spine"
],
"links": [
[
"spine",
"spine#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "espinazu"
}
],
"word": "espina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ca:Plant anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "espina bífida"
},
{
"word": "espina cervina"
},
{
"word": "espina dorsal"
},
{
"word": "espina santa"
},
{
"word": "espina vera"
},
{
"word": "espina-xoca"
},
{
"word": "espinal"
},
{
"word": "espineta"
}
],
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"2": "la",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna",
"name": "der"
}
],
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{
"form": "espines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "espina f (plural espines)",
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}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "espinós"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ca:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"thorn, spike"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) thorn, spike"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ca:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"spine"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) spine"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "espina dorsal"
},
{
"word": "columna vertebral"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fishbone"
],
"links": [
[
"fishbone",
"fishbone"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[əsˈpi.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[esˈpi.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "espina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pro",
"3": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan espina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Occitan espina, from Latin spīna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "espina f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "espina f (plural espinas)",
"name": "oc-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Occitan countable nouns",
"Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"Occitan feminine nouns",
"Occitan lemmas",
"Occitan nouns",
"Occitan terms derived from Latin",
"Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan",
"Occitan terms inherited from Latin",
"Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q942602-Davidgrosclaude-espina.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q942602-Davidgrosclaude-espina.wav/LL-Q942602-Davidgrosclaude-espina.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q942602-Davidgrosclaude-espina.wav/LL-Q942602-Davidgrosclaude-espina.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Mistralian"
],
"word": "espino"
}
],
"word": "espina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: espina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: espina"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin spīna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinas",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espina",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinas",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "oblique plural",
"4": "espinas",
"5": "nominative singular",
"6": "espina",
"7": "nominative plural",
"8": "espinas",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "espina f (oblique plural espinas, nominative singular espina, nominative plural espinas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "espina f (oblique plural espinas, nominative singular espina, nominative plural espinas)",
"name": "pro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Occitan feminine nouns",
"Old Occitan lemmas",
"Old Occitan nouns",
"Old Occitan terms derived from Latin",
"Old Occitan terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "espina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ina",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ina/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Spanish terms inherited from Latin",
"Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish",
"Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "alambre de espinas"
},
{
"word": "corona de espinas"
},
{
"word": "dar mala espina"
},
{
"word": "espina bífida"
},
{
"word": "espina colorada"
},
{
"word": "espina dorsal"
},
{
"word": "espina santa"
},
{
"word": "espinado"
},
{
"word": "espinal"
},
{
"word": "espinar"
},
{
"word": "espinazo"
},
{
"word": "espinilla"
},
{
"word": "espino"
},
{
"word": "espinoso"
},
{
"word": "espinudo"
},
{
"word": "gato de espinas"
},
{
"word": "no hay rosa sin espina"
},
{
"word": "uva espina"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "osp",
"3": "espina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish espina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "osp",
"3": "espina"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Spanish espina",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp point"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Spanish espina, from Latin spīna, from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "espina f (plural espinas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"es‧pi‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "espinal"
},
{
"word": "espinoso"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aguja"
},
{
"word": "púa"
},
{
"word": "pincho"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fishbone"
],
"links": [
[
"fishbone",
"fishbone"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"es:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"spine, backbone, spinal column"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
],
[
"spinal column",
"spinal column"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) spine, backbone, spinal column"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "espina dorsal"
},
{
"word": "espinazo"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/esˈpina/"
},
{
"ipa": "[esˈpi.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "espina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ina",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ina/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "espina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"es‧pi‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "espinar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of espinar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"espinar",
"espinar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "espinar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of espinar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"espinar",
"espinar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/esˈpina/"
},
{
"ipa": "[esˈpi.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "espina"
}
Download raw JSONL data for espina meaning in All languages combined (9.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.