See denizen on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "denize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "denization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "denizenship"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "denisein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English denisein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "denzein"
},
"expansion": "Old French denzein",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "deinz",
"3": "-ein",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "within"
},
"expansion": "deinz (“within”) + -ein",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "dē intus",
"t": "from within"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin dē intus (“from within”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dans"
},
"expansion": "French dans",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English denisein, from Old French denzein, from deinz (“within”) + -ein, from Late Latin dē intus (“from within”), whence French dans.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "denizens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "denizen (plural denizens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "citizen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "netizen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 9 30 6 30 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
"_dis": "11 12 32 5 30 3 8",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "14 9 28 4 33 4 7",
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{
"_dis": "13 8 30 4 32 6 6",
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"_dis": "12 9 29 4 35 4 7",
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"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
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{
"_dis": "14 9 28 4 35 4 7",
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"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
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{
"_dis": "12 8 31 4 33 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
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{
"_dis": "14 8 32 4 29 6 6",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
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"_dis": "12 9 29 4 35 4 7",
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"name": "Terms with Pashto translations",
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{
"_dis": "13 8 31 4 30 7 7",
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"_dis": "14 8 32 4 29 6 6",
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"_dis": "12 9 31 3 34 4 6",
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "37 19 23 3 9 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The giant squid is one of many denizens of the deep.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, “[HTTP://WWW.GUTENBERG.ORG/FILES/82/82-H/82-H.HTM CHAPTER 39]”, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:",
"text": "[…] adversity bends the heart as fire bends the stubborn steel, and those who are no longer their own governors, and the denizens of their own free independent state, must crouch before strangers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1912 October, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “Tarzan of the Apes”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as chapter 6, in Tarzan of the Apes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt Company, 1914 June, →OCLC:",
"text": "The cries of the gorilla proclaimed that it was in mortal combat with some other denizen of the fierce wood. Suddenly these cries ceased, and the silence of death reigned throughout the jungle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in a certain place."
],
"id": "en-denizen-en-noun-C~ptSC7p",
"links": [
[
"inhabitant",
"inhabitant"
],
[
"dwell",
"dwell"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dweller"
},
{
"word": "inhabitant"
},
{
"word": "native"
},
{
"word": "resident"
},
{
"word": "inhabitant"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "yəşəwse",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "йәшәүсе"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "torowsı",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "тороусы"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žítel",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жи́тел"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obitátel",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обита́тел"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "habitant"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "ehi",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "ᎡᎯ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jūmín",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "居民"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obyvatel"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bewoner"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "asukas"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "elanik"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "asukas"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "asukki"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"formal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "citoyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "résident"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "habitant"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "natural"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mcxovrebi",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "მცხოვრები"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mḳvidri",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "მკვიდრი"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "macxovrebeli",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "მაცხოვრებელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bewohner"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bewohnerin"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "תושב"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "מתנחל"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "אזרח"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "lakó"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abitante"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"alt": "きょじゅうしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyojūsha",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "居住者"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"alt": "じゅうみん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jūmin",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "住民"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "žitel",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жител"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "beboer"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "innbygger"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mieszkaniec"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mieszkanka"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "morador"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "locuitor"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "locuitoare"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žítelʹ",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жи́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žítelʹnica",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жи́тельница"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obitátelʹ",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обита́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obitátelʹnica",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "обита́тельница"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "житељ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "žítelj"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "habitante"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "boende"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "invånare"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 18 7 1 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "sakin"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 11 32 6 31 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "11 12 32 5 30 3 8",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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{
"_dis": "10 11 32 3 33 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The denizens of that pub are of the roughest sort.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], “chapter 26”, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "He was well known to the sallow denizens of the lane; for such of them as were on the look-out to buy or sell, nodded, familiarly, as he passed along.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 February 20, Russell Brand, “Let’s kick cold profiteering out of football, along with racism”, in The Guardian (London):",
"text": "As a fan of West Ham United I’m always looking to legitimise my dislike of Chelsea FC. And on first viewing, this week’s jarring retro-Métro-racism seems like a good reason to condemn the denizens of Stamford Bridge.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who frequents a place."
],
"id": "en-denizen-en-noun-DdueMVT~",
"links": [
[
"frequent",
"frequent"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "regular"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "postojanen posetitel",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "постоянен посетител"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "habitual"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stálý host"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štamgast"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stamgast"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"word": "kanta-asiakas"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"word": "habitué"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "habitual"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stammgast"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Stammgästin"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"word": "stamgjest"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bywalec"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bywalczyni"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frequentador"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zavsegdátaj",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "завсегда́тай"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "становник"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "stanovnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "habitual"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 73 7 1 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stamgäst"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"_dis": "12 8 34 4 29 6 6",
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{
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{
"_dis": "14 9 28 4 33 4 7",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "12 9 29 4 35 4 7",
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},
{
"_dis": "13 8 31 4 30 7 7",
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},
{
"_dis": "14 9 38 3 25 6 6",
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{
"_dis": "14 8 32 4 29 6 6",
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{
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{
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],
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{
"text": "1548, Edward Hall, The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke, London, The xiiii yere,\nThen by commaundement wer all Fre[n]chemen and Scottes imprisoned and the goodes seazed, and all suche as were denizens were commaunded to shewe their letters patentes […]"
},
{
"ref": "1765, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book 1, Chapter X, p. 374",
"text": "A denizen is a kind of middle state, between an alien and a natural-born subject, and partakes of both."
},
{
"text": "1803, John Browne Cutting, “A Succinct History of Jamaica” in Robert Charles Dallas, The History of the Maroons, London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, p. xlv,\nAll free persons were authorized and permitted to transport themselves, their families, and goods […] to Jamaica, from any part of the British dominions; and their children born in Jamaica were declared free denizens of England, entitled to the same privileges as free born subjects of England."
},
{
"text": "Though born in Iceland, he became a denizen of Britain after leaving Oxford."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person with rights between those of naturalized citizen and resident alien (roughly permanent resident), obtained through letters patent."
],
"id": "en-denizen-en-noun-FWcozjlw",
"links": [
[
"naturalize",
"naturalize"
],
[
"resident alien",
"resident alien"
],
[
"permanent resident",
"permanent resident"
],
[
"letters patent",
"letters patent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, historical) A person with rights between those of naturalized citizen and resident alien (roughly permanent resident), obtained through letters patent."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 2 68 4 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naturaliziran čuždenec",
"sense": "(UK) a citizen naturalized through letters patent",
"word": "натурализиран чужденец"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 2 68 4 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(UK) a citizen naturalized through letters patent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ingeburgerde"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 2 68 4 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(UK) a citizen naturalized through letters patent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "teilweise eingebürgerter Ausländer"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 2 68 4 9",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "hëmsayë",
"sense": "(UK) a citizen naturalized through letters patent",
"word": "همسایه"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 9 54 7 22",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "local flora and fauna",
"word": "asukas"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 9 54 7 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "local flora and fauna",
"word": "asukas"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 9 54 7 22",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local flora and fauna",
"word": "Bewohner"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 9 54 7 22",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "local flora and fauna",
"word": "lakó"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 9 54 7 22",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "local flora and fauna",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ендем"
}
]
},
{
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"orig": "en:Biology",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
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{
"text": "The bald eagle is a denizen of the northern part of the state.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-denizen-en-noun-QdY54Cnv",
"links": [
[
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"biology"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"range",
"range"
],
[
"habitat",
"habitat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
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"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A foreign word that has become naturalised in another language in terms of use, but not in terms of form."
],
"id": "en-denizen-en-noun-~9znZ~Hy",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"naturalised",
"naturalised"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
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"form"
]
],
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],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 4 15 3 74",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "foreign word that has become naturalised within a language",
"word": "kupu mino"
}
]
}
],
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],
"word": "denizen"
}
{
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{
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"2": "enm",
"3": "denisein"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "denzein"
},
"expansion": "Old French denzein",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "deinz",
"3": "-ein",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "within"
},
"expansion": "deinz (“within”) + -ein",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "dē intus",
"t": "from within"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin dē intus (“from within”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dans"
},
"expansion": "French dans",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English denisein, from Old French denzein, from deinz (“within”) + -ein, from Late Latin dē intus (“from within”), whence French dans.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "denizens",
"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "denizening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "denizened",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
{
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]
}
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
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}
],
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{
"text": "He was denizened to Ireland after fleeing his home country.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1664, J[ohn] E[velyn], “. Chapter CHAPTER 7, “OF THE CHESNUT,”.”, in Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions. […], London: […] Jo[hn] Martyn, and Ja[mes] Allestry, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 42:",
"text": "[The Horse-Chessnut] was first brought from Constantinople to Vienna, thence into Italy, and so France; but to Ʋs from the Levant more immediately, and flourishes so well, and grows so goodly a Tree in compe[te]nt time, that by this alone, we might have ample encouragement to Denizen other strangers amongst us.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis, London: Jacob Tonson, The Third Satyr, p. 38, Poor Refugies at first, they purchase here",
"text": "And, soon as Denizen’d, they domineer."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grant rights of citizenship to; to naturalize."
],
"id": "en-denizen-en-verb-BTdpOUe~",
"links": [
[
"citizenship",
"citizenship"
],
[
"naturalize",
"naturalize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, British, historical) To grant rights of citizenship to; to naturalize."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"historical",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1849, Joseph Dalton Hooker, “Extracts from the Private Letters of Dr. J. D. Hooker, written during a Botanical Mission to India” in William Jackson Hooker (editor), Hooker’s Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, London: Reeve, Benham and Reeve, Volume 1, p. 85,\nThere were a few islets in the sand […] . These were at once denizened by the Calotropis, Argemone, Tamarix, Gnaphalium luteoalbum and two other species […] ."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide with denizens; to populate with adopted or naturalized occupants."
],
"id": "en-denizen-en-verb-7MwiEfA-",
"links": [
[
"populate",
"populate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To provide with denizens; to populate with adopted or naturalized occupants."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.zən/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
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],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "denizen"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Japanese translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
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"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
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"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "denize"
},
{
"word": "denization"
},
{
"word": "denizenship"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "denisein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English denisein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "denzein"
},
"expansion": "Old French denzein",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "deinz",
"3": "-ein",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "within"
},
"expansion": "deinz (“within”) + -ein",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "dē intus",
"t": "from within"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin dē intus (“from within”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dans"
},
"expansion": "French dans",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English denisein, from Old French denzein, from deinz (“within”) + -ein, from Late Latin dē intus (“from within”), whence French dans.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "denizens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "denizen (plural denizens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "citizen"
},
{
"word": "netizen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The giant squid is one of many denizens of the deep.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, “[HTTP://WWW.GUTENBERG.ORG/FILES/82/82-H/82-H.HTM CHAPTER 39]”, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:",
"text": "[…] adversity bends the heart as fire bends the stubborn steel, and those who are no longer their own governors, and the denizens of their own free independent state, must crouch before strangers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1912 October, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “Tarzan of the Apes”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as chapter 6, in Tarzan of the Apes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt Company, 1914 June, →OCLC:",
"text": "The cries of the gorilla proclaimed that it was in mortal combat with some other denizen of the fierce wood. Suddenly these cries ceased, and the silence of death reigned throughout the jungle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in a certain place."
],
"links": [
[
"inhabitant",
"inhabitant"
],
[
"dwell",
"dwell"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dweller"
},
{
"word": "inhabitant"
},
{
"word": "native"
},
{
"word": "resident"
},
{
"word": "inhabitant"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The denizens of that pub are of the roughest sort.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], “chapter 26”, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "He was well known to the sallow denizens of the lane; for such of them as were on the look-out to buy or sell, nodded, familiarly, as he passed along.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 February 20, Russell Brand, “Let’s kick cold profiteering out of football, along with racism”, in The Guardian (London):",
"text": "As a fan of West Ham United I’m always looking to legitimise my dislike of Chelsea FC. And on first viewing, this week’s jarring retro-Métro-racism seems like a good reason to condemn the denizens of Stamford Bridge.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who frequents a place."
],
"links": [
[
"frequent",
"frequent"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "regular"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1548, Edward Hall, The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke, London, The xiiii yere,\nThen by commaundement wer all Fre[n]chemen and Scottes imprisoned and the goodes seazed, and all suche as were denizens were commaunded to shewe their letters patentes […]"
},
{
"ref": "1765, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book 1, Chapter X, p. 374",
"text": "A denizen is a kind of middle state, between an alien and a natural-born subject, and partakes of both."
},
{
"text": "1803, John Browne Cutting, “A Succinct History of Jamaica” in Robert Charles Dallas, The History of the Maroons, London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, p. xlv,\nAll free persons were authorized and permitted to transport themselves, their families, and goods […] to Jamaica, from any part of the British dominions; and their children born in Jamaica were declared free denizens of England, entitled to the same privileges as free born subjects of England."
},
{
"text": "Though born in Iceland, he became a denizen of Britain after leaving Oxford."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person with rights between those of naturalized citizen and resident alien (roughly permanent resident), obtained through letters patent."
],
"links": [
[
"naturalize",
"naturalize"
],
[
"resident alien",
"resident alien"
],
[
"permanent resident",
"permanent resident"
],
[
"letters patent",
"letters patent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, historical) A person with rights between those of naturalized citizen and resident alien (roughly permanent resident), obtained through letters patent."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Biology"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The bald eagle is a denizen of the northern part of the state.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An animal or plant from a particular range or habitat."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"range",
"range"
],
[
"habitat",
"habitat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) An animal or plant from a particular range or habitat."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"A foreign word that has become naturalised in another language in terms of use, but not in terms of form."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"naturalised",
"naturalised"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A foreign word that has become naturalised in another language in terms of use, but not in terms of form."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.zən/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-denizen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/En-us-denizen.ogg/En-us-denizen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/En-us-denizen.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-denizen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/En-au-denizen.ogg/En-au-denizen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/En-au-denizen.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "yəşəwse",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "йәшәүсе"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "torowsı",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "тороусы"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žítel",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жи́тел"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obitátel",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обита́тел"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "habitant"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "ehi",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "ᎡᎯ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jūmín",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "居民"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obyvatel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bewoner"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "asukas"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "elanik"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "asukas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "asukki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"formal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "citoyen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "résident"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "habitant"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "natural"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mcxovrebi",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "მცხოვრები"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mḳvidri",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "მკვიდრი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "macxovrebeli",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "მაცხოვრებელი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bewohner"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bewohnerin"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "תושב"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "מתנחל"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "אזרח"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "lakó"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abitante"
},
{
"alt": "きょじゅうしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyojūsha",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "居住者"
},
{
"alt": "じゅうみん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jūmin",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "住民"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "žitel",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жител"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "beboer"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "innbygger"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mieszkaniec"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mieszkanka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "morador"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "locuitor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "locuitoare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žítelʹ",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жи́тель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žítelʹnica",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жи́тельница"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obitátelʹ",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обита́тель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obitátelʹnica",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "обита́тельница"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "житељ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "žítelj"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "habitante"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "boende"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "invånare"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "an inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in",
"word": "sakin"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "postojanen posetitel",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "постоянен посетител"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "habitual"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stálý host"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štamgast"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stamgast"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"word": "kanta-asiakas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"word": "habitué"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "habitual"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stammgast"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Stammgästin"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"word": "stamgjest"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bywalec"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bywalczyni"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frequentador"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zavsegdátaj",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "завсегда́тай"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "становник"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "stanovnik"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "habitual"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "one who frequents a place",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stamgäst"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naturaliziran čuždenec",
"sense": "(UK) a citizen naturalized through letters patent",
"word": "натурализиран чужденец"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(UK) a citizen naturalized through letters patent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ingeburgerde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(UK) a citizen naturalized through letters patent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "teilweise eingebürgerter Ausländer"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "hëmsayë",
"sense": "(UK) a citizen naturalized through letters patent",
"word": "همسایه"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "local flora and fauna",
"word": "asukas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "local flora and fauna",
"word": "asukas"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local flora and fauna",
"word": "Bewohner"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "local flora and fauna",
"word": "lakó"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "local flora and fauna",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ендем"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "foreign word that has become naturalised within a language",
"word": "kupu mino"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"denization",
"denizen"
],
"word": "denizen"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Japanese translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
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"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "denisein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English denisein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "denzein"
},
"expansion": "Old French denzein",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "deinz",
"3": "-ein",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "within"
},
"expansion": "deinz (“within”) + -ein",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "dē intus",
"t": "from within"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin dē intus (“from within”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dans"
},
"expansion": "French dans",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English denisein, from Old French denzein, from deinz (“within”) + -ein, from Late Latin dē intus (“from within”), whence French dans.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "denizens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "denizening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "denizened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "denizened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "denizen (third-person singular simple present denizens, present participle denizening, simple past and past participle denizened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was denizened to Ireland after fleeing his home country.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1664, J[ohn] E[velyn], “. Chapter CHAPTER 7, “OF THE CHESNUT,”.”, in Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions. […], London: […] Jo[hn] Martyn, and Ja[mes] Allestry, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 42:",
"text": "[The Horse-Chessnut] was first brought from Constantinople to Vienna, thence into Italy, and so France; but to Ʋs from the Levant more immediately, and flourishes so well, and grows so goodly a Tree in compe[te]nt time, that by this alone, we might have ample encouragement to Denizen other strangers amongst us.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis, London: Jacob Tonson, The Third Satyr, p. 38, Poor Refugies at first, they purchase here",
"text": "And, soon as Denizen’d, they domineer."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grant rights of citizenship to; to naturalize."
],
"links": [
[
"citizenship",
"citizenship"
],
[
"naturalize",
"naturalize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, British, historical) To grant rights of citizenship to; to naturalize."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"historical",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1849, Joseph Dalton Hooker, “Extracts from the Private Letters of Dr. J. D. Hooker, written during a Botanical Mission to India” in William Jackson Hooker (editor), Hooker’s Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, London: Reeve, Benham and Reeve, Volume 1, p. 85,\nThere were a few islets in the sand […] . These were at once denizened by the Calotropis, Argemone, Tamarix, Gnaphalium luteoalbum and two other species […] ."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide with denizens; to populate with adopted or naturalized occupants."
],
"links": [
[
"populate",
"populate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To provide with denizens; to populate with adopted or naturalized occupants."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.zən/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-denizen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/En-us-denizen.ogg/En-us-denizen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/En-us-denizen.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-denizen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/En-au-denizen.ogg/En-au-denizen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/En-au-denizen.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"denizen"
],
"word": "denizen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for denizen meaning in All languages combined (23.5kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Japanese: (4) __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"denizen"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "denizen",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.