See crouch on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crouchen",
"id": "to crouch",
"t": "to bend, crouch"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crouchen (“to bend, crouch”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "krókr",
"t": "hook"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse krókr (“hook”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krōkaz",
"t": "hook"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerg-",
"t": "wicker, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“wicker, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"t": "to turn, wind, weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind, weave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kroken",
"3": "krōken",
"t": "to crook, curl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch krōken (“to crook, curl”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English crouchen (“to bend, crouch”), variant of croken (“to bend, crook”), from crok (“crook, hook”), from Old Norse krókr (“hook”), from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“wicker, bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind, weave”). Compare Middle Dutch krōken (“to crook, curl”). More at crook.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crouches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crouching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crouched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crouched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crouch (third-person singular simple present crouches, present participle crouching, simple past and past participle crouched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
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{
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"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
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"Machines",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We crouched behind the low wall until the squad of soldiers had passed by.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1922, Virginia Woolf, chapter 2, in Jacob's Room:",
"text": "Archer and Jacob jumped up from behind the mound where they had been crouching with the intention of springing upon their mother unexpectedly, and they all began to walk slowly home.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bend down; to stoop low; to stand close to the ground with legs bent, like an animal when waiting for prey, or someone in fear."
],
"id": "en-crouch-en-verb-nhWUVQRI",
"links": [
[
"bend",
"bend"
],
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"stoop",
"stoop"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To bend down; to stoop low; to stand close to the ground with legs bent, like an animal when waiting for prey, or someone in fear."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naveždam se",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "навеждам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "ajupir-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "臥"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wò",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "卧"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dūn",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "蹲"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kaŭriĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kükitama"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "küürutama"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kyyristyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kyykistyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "se tapir"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "s’accroupir"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "se recroqueviller"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "agochar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "agachar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "anicar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kauern"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "káthomai okladón",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "κάθομαι οκλαδόν"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "oklázō",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "ὀκλάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ptḗssō",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "πτήσσω"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "guggol"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kyyrystäissä"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "accovacciarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shagamu",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "しゃがむ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "うずくまる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "uzukumaru",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "蹲る"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "kea",
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "djangotô"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "conquiniscō"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "whakapāhake"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kōpipiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "pāhake"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "ngunu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "tūruru"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "pusmak",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "پوصمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dollâ šodan",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "دولا شدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "podkurczać się"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "podkurczyć się"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "agachar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prisedátʹ",
"sense": "to bend down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приседа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "priséstʹ",
"sense": "to bend down",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "присе́сть"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "crom"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "čučnuti"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "agacharse"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "acuclillarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "encogerse"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "apucuyarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "encuclillarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "ñangotarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "añangotarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "agazaparse"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "huka"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "çömelmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "pusmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "né"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "núp"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "cúi"
}
]
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 26 25 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 26 23 26 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 36 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 24 26 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buttons",
"orig": "en:Buttons",
"parents": [
"Mechanisms",
"Machines",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:",
"text": "kings ſhall crouch vnto our conquering ſwords,\nAnd hoſtes of Souldiers ſtand amazd at vs,\nWhen with their fearfull tongues they ſhall confeſſe\nTheſe are the men that al the world admires,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:",
"text": "Must I stand and crouch\n Under your testy humour?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1816, William Wordsworth, Thanksgiving Ode:",
"text": "a crouching purpose",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bend servilely; to bow in reverence or humility."
],
"id": "en-crouch-en-verb--dQ5vjqB",
"links": [
[
"servile",
"servile"
],
[
"bow",
"bow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To bend servilely; to bow in reverence or humility."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rabolepniča",
"sense": "to bend servilely",
"word": "раболепнича"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to bend servilely",
"word": "kummardama"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bend servilely",
"word": "kumartua"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend servilely",
"word": "whakamaoko"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "presmykátʹsja",
"sense": "to bend servilely",
"word": "пресмыка́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rabolépstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to bend servilely",
"word": "раболе́пствовать"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹaʊt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊtʃ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-crouch.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svivam",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "свивам"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svivam se",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "свивам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stoja priveden",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "стоя приведен"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "kummardama"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "kumartua"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koulouriázo",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "κουλουριάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"note": "in fear",
"roman": "pusmak",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "پوصمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izvivátʹsja",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "извива́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vítʹsja",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "ви́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "saviti"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "encogerse"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "inclinarse"
}
],
"word": "crouch"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crouchen",
"id": "to crouch",
"t": "to bend, crouch"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crouchen (“to bend, crouch”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "krókr",
"t": "hook"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse krókr (“hook”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krōkaz",
"t": "hook"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerg-",
"t": "wicker, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“wicker, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"t": "to turn, wind, weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind, weave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kroken",
"3": "krōken",
"t": "to crook, curl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch krōken (“to crook, curl”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English crouchen (“to bend, crouch”), variant of croken (“to bend, crook”), from crok (“crook, hook”), from Old Norse krókr (“hook”), from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“wicker, bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind, weave”). Compare Middle Dutch krōken (“to crook, curl”). More at crook.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crouches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crouch (plural crouches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 14 38 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 26 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 23 28 28 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 20 31 30 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 32 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 25 26 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 33 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 33 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 36 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 33 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 33 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 33 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 32 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 36 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 32 38",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 32 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 32 38",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 38",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 32 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 32 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 33 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 25 24 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 36 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 38 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 33 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 32 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 33 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 26 25 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 26 23 26 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 36 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 24 26 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buttons",
"orig": "en:Buttons",
"parents": [
"Mechanisms",
"Machines",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "croucher"
},
{
"word": "crouchy"
},
{
"word": "semicrouch"
},
{
"word": "uncrouch"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The cat waited in a crouch, hidden behind the hedge.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bent or stooped position."
],
"id": "en-crouch-en-noun-UKDjHs6X",
"links": [
[
"stoop",
"stoop"
],
[
"position",
"position"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"word": "kükk"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"word": "kummardus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"word": "kyykky"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"word": "kumara"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "agachar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"word": "inclinación"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"word": "genuflexión"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹaʊt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊtʃ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-crouch.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "crouch"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crouche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crouche",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crūċ",
"4": "",
"5": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English crūċ (“cross”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "krūci",
"3": "",
"4": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon krūci (“cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krūzi",
"3": "",
"4": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krūzi (“cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cross",
"3": "crux"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cross and crux",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English crouche, cruche, from Old English crūċ (“cross”). Compare Old Saxon krūci (“cross”), Old High German krūzi (“cross”). Doublet of cross and crux.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crouches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crouch (plural crouches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 14 38 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 25 26 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 25 24 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 26 25 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 26 23 26 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 24 26 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buttons",
"orig": "en:Buttons",
"parents": [
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"Machines",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Crouch End"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cross."
],
"id": "en-crouch-en-noun-mWyRMaVq",
"links": [
[
"cross",
"cross"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A cross."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹaʊt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊtʃ"
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "crouch"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crouche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crouche",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crūċ",
"4": "",
"5": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English crūċ (“cross”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "krūci",
"3": "",
"4": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon krūci (“cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krūzi",
"3": "",
"4": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krūzi (“cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cross",
"3": "crux"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cross and crux",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English crouche, cruche, from Old English crūċ (“cross”). Compare Old Saxon krūci (“cross”), Old High German krūzi (“cross”). Doublet of cross and crux.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crouches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crouching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crouched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crouched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crouch (third-person singular simple present crouches, present participle crouching, simple past and past participle crouched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 22 25 24 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sign with the cross; bless."
],
"id": "en-crouch-en-verb-BzX4037A",
"links": [
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"cross",
"cross"
],
[
"bless",
"bless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To sign with the cross; bless."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "crouch ware"
},
{
"english": "etymologically unrelated",
"word": "crouchware"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prekrǎstvam",
"sense": "to sign with the cross",
"word": "прекръствам"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to sign with the cross",
"word": "crouchen"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to sign with the cross",
"word": "prekrižiti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to sign with the cross",
"word": "prekrstiti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to sign with the cross",
"word": "persignarse"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹaʊt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊtʃ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-crouch.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "crouch"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "crouch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "crucche"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of crucche"
],
"id": "en-crouch-enm-noun-5dSnqKAZ",
"links": [
[
"crucche",
"crucche#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "crouch"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle Dutch links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊtʃ",
"Rhymes:English/aʊtʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kabuverdianu translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Buttons"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crouchen",
"id": "to crouch",
"t": "to bend, crouch"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crouchen (“to bend, crouch”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "krókr",
"t": "hook"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse krókr (“hook”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krōkaz",
"t": "hook"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerg-",
"t": "wicker, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“wicker, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"t": "to turn, wind, weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind, weave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kroken",
"3": "krōken",
"t": "to crook, curl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch krōken (“to crook, curl”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English crouchen (“to bend, crouch”), variant of croken (“to bend, crook”), from crok (“crook, hook”), from Old Norse krókr (“hook”), from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“wicker, bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind, weave”). Compare Middle Dutch krōken (“to crook, curl”). More at crook.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crouches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crouching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crouched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crouched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crouch (third-person singular simple present crouches, present participle crouching, simple past and past participle crouched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We crouched behind the low wall until the squad of soldiers had passed by.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1922, Virginia Woolf, chapter 2, in Jacob's Room:",
"text": "Archer and Jacob jumped up from behind the mound where they had been crouching with the intention of springing upon their mother unexpectedly, and they all began to walk slowly home.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bend down; to stoop low; to stand close to the ground with legs bent, like an animal when waiting for prey, or someone in fear."
],
"links": [
[
"bend",
"bend"
],
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"stoop",
"stoop"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To bend down; to stoop low; to stand close to the ground with legs bent, like an animal when waiting for prey, or someone in fear."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:",
"text": "kings ſhall crouch vnto our conquering ſwords,\nAnd hoſtes of Souldiers ſtand amazd at vs,\nWhen with their fearfull tongues they ſhall confeſſe\nTheſe are the men that al the world admires,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:",
"text": "Must I stand and crouch\n Under your testy humour?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1816, William Wordsworth, Thanksgiving Ode:",
"text": "a crouching purpose",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bend servilely; to bow in reverence or humility."
],
"links": [
[
"servile",
"servile"
],
[
"bow",
"bow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To bend servilely; to bow in reverence or humility."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹaʊt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊtʃ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-crouch.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naveždam se",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "навеждам се"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "ajupir-se"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "臥"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wò",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "卧"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dūn",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "蹲"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kaŭriĝi"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kükitama"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "küürutama"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kyyristyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kyykistyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "se tapir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "s’accroupir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "se recroqueviller"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "agochar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "agachar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "anicar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kauern"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "káthomai okladón",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "κάθομαι οκλαδόν"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "oklázō",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "ὀκλάζω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ptḗssō",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "πτήσσω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "guggol"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kyyrystäissä"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "accovacciarsi"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shagamu",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "しゃがむ"
},
{
"alt": "うずくまる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "uzukumaru",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "蹲る"
},
{
"code": "kea",
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "djangotô"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "conquiniscō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "whakapāhake"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "kōpipiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "pāhake"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "ngunu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "ngunu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "tūruru"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "pusmak",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "پوصمق"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dollâ šodan",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "دولا شدن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "podkurczać się"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "podkurczyć się"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "agachar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prisedátʹ",
"sense": "to bend down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приседа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "priséstʹ",
"sense": "to bend down",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "присе́сть"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "crom"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "čučnuti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "agacharse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "acuclillarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "encogerse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "apucuyarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "encuclillarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "ñangotarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "añangotarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "agazaparse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "huka"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "çömelmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "pusmak"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "né"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "núp"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bend down",
"word": "cúi"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rabolepniča",
"sense": "to bend servilely",
"word": "раболепнича"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to bend servilely",
"word": "kummardama"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bend servilely",
"word": "kumartua"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bend servilely",
"word": "whakamaoko"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "presmykátʹsja",
"sense": "to bend servilely",
"word": "пресмыка́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rabolépstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to bend servilely",
"word": "раболе́пствовать"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svivam",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "свивам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svivam se",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "свивам се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stoja priveden",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "стоя приведен"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "kummardama"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "kumartua"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koulouriázo",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "κουλουριάζω"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"note": "in fear",
"roman": "pusmak",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "پوصمق"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izvivátʹsja",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "извива́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vítʹsja",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "ви́ться"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "saviti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "encogerse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bend, as in humility or fear",
"word": "inclinarse"
}
],
"word": "crouch"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle Dutch links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊtʃ",
"Rhymes:English/aʊtʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kabuverdianu translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Buttons"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "croucher"
},
{
"word": "crouchy"
},
{
"word": "semicrouch"
},
{
"word": "uncrouch"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crouchen",
"id": "to crouch",
"t": "to bend, crouch"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crouchen (“to bend, crouch”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "krókr",
"t": "hook"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse krókr (“hook”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krōkaz",
"t": "hook"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerg-",
"t": "wicker, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“wicker, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"t": "to turn, wind, weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind, weave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kroken",
"3": "krōken",
"t": "to crook, curl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch krōken (“to crook, curl”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English crouchen (“to bend, crouch”), variant of croken (“to bend, crook”), from crok (“crook, hook”), from Old Norse krókr (“hook”), from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“wicker, bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, wind, weave”). Compare Middle Dutch krōken (“to crook, curl”). More at crook.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crouches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crouch (plural crouches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The cat waited in a crouch, hidden behind the hedge.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bent or stooped position."
],
"links": [
[
"stoop",
"stoop"
],
[
"position",
"position"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹaʊt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊtʃ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-crouch.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"word": "kükk"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"word": "kummardus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"word": "kyykky"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"word": "kumara"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "agachar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"word": "inclinación"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bent or stooped position",
"word": "genuflexión"
}
],
"word": "crouch"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊtʃ",
"Rhymes:English/aʊtʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Buttons"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Crouch End"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crouche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crouche",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crūċ",
"4": "",
"5": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English crūċ (“cross”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "krūci",
"3": "",
"4": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon krūci (“cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krūzi",
"3": "",
"4": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krūzi (“cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cross",
"3": "crux"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cross and crux",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English crouche, cruche, from Old English crūċ (“cross”). Compare Old Saxon krūci (“cross”), Old High German krūzi (“cross”). Doublet of cross and crux.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crouches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crouch (plural crouches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A cross."
],
"links": [
[
"cross",
"cross"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A cross."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹaʊt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊtʃ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-crouch.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "crouch"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊtʃ",
"Rhymes:English/aʊtʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Buttons"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crouche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crouche",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crūċ",
"4": "",
"5": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English crūċ (“cross”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "krūci",
"3": "",
"4": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon krūci (“cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krūzi",
"3": "",
"4": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krūzi (“cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cross",
"3": "crux"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cross and crux",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English crouche, cruche, from Old English crūċ (“cross”). Compare Old Saxon krūci (“cross”), Old High German krūzi (“cross”). Doublet of cross and crux.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crouches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crouching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crouched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crouched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crouch (third-person singular simple present crouches, present participle crouching, simple past and past participle crouched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "crouch ware"
},
{
"english": "etymologically unrelated",
"word": "crouchware"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To sign with the cross; bless."
],
"links": [
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"cross",
"cross"
],
[
"bless",
"bless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To sign with the cross; bless."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹaʊt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊtʃ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-crouch.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-crouch.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prekrǎstvam",
"sense": "to sign with the cross",
"word": "прекръствам"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to sign with the cross",
"word": "crouchen"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to sign with the cross",
"word": "prekrižiti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to sign with the cross",
"word": "prekrstiti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to sign with the cross",
"word": "persignarse"
}
],
"word": "crouch"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "crouch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "crucche"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of crucche"
],
"links": [
[
"crucche",
"crucche#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "crouch"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crouch meaning in All languages combined (24.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.