See constrain on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for constrain meaning in All languages combined (9.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "constrainable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "constrainer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "constraintive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "overconstrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unconstrain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*streyg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "constreinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English constreinen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "constreindre"
},
"expansion": "Old French constreindre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cōnstringō"
},
"expansion": "Latin cōnstringō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cōn",
"3": "stringō",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "with, together",
"t2": "to draw, bind or tie tight"
},
"expansion": "cōn- (“with, together”) + stringō (“to draw, bind or tie tight”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*streyg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stroke, to shear, stiff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, to shear, stiff”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English constreinen, from Old French constreindre, from Latin cōnstringō, from cōn- (“with, together”) + stringō (“to draw, bind or tie tight”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, to shear, stiff”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "constrains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "constraining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "constrained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "constrained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "constrain (third-person singular simple present constrains, present participle constraining, simple past and past participle constrained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"con‧strain"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "constraint"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "constrict"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "restrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "strain"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To force physically, by strong persuasion or pressuring; to compel; to oblige."
],
"id": "en-constrain-en-verb-~PqrNC50",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"persuasion",
"persuasion"
],
[
"pressuring",
"pressure"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"oblige",
"oblige"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To force physically, by strong persuasion or pressuring; to compel; to oblige."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prinuždavam",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "принуждавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nasilvam",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "насилвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "konstrina"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "begrænse"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "pakottaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "astreindre"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "contraindre"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "confiner"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "behindern"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "einschränken"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "limitieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "obligar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "koaktar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "costringere"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jehan",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "제한"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gusok",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "구속"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geumji",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "금지"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "begrense"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "bǣdan"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "constranger"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "apertar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "restringir"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prinuždátʹ",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "принужда́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "prisiliti"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "constreñir"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "limitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "restringir"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "obligar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "begränsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "zorlamak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 January 2, Philip Haigh, “Is there relief to congestion along Castlefield Corridor?”, in Rail, page 23",
"text": "But it's not just Castlefield Corridor capacity that constrains services. All the junctions on the lines feeding into the corridor are flat, so they create conflict points as trains pass.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To keep within close bounds; to confine."
],
"id": "en-constrain-en-verb-ss545h1w",
"links": [
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"confine",
"confine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To keep within close bounds; to confine."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ograničavam",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "ограничавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "rajata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "rajoittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "eristää"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "sulkea"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pedáō",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "πεδάω"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "limitare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "whakatina"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "confinar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "restringir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ograníčivatʹ",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "ограни́чивать"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 21 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce a result in response to limited resources."
],
"id": "en-constrain-en-verb-thJTnIkj",
"links": [
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"limited",
"limited"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reduce a result in response to limited resources."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to reduce a result in response to limited resources",
"word": "rajoittaa"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kənˈstɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-constrain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-constrain.ogg/En-us-constrain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-constrain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "constrain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English control verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *streyg-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "constrainable"
},
{
"word": "constrainer"
},
{
"word": "constraintive"
},
{
"word": "overconstrain"
},
{
"word": "unconstrain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*streyg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "constreinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English constreinen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "constreindre"
},
"expansion": "Old French constreindre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cōnstringō"
},
"expansion": "Latin cōnstringō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cōn",
"3": "stringō",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "with, together",
"t2": "to draw, bind or tie tight"
},
"expansion": "cōn- (“with, together”) + stringō (“to draw, bind or tie tight”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*streyg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stroke, to shear, stiff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, to shear, stiff”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English constreinen, from Old French constreindre, from Latin cōnstringō, from cōn- (“with, together”) + stringō (“to draw, bind or tie tight”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, to shear, stiff”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "constrains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "constraining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "constrained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "constrained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "constrain (third-person singular simple present constrains, present participle constraining, simple past and past participle constrained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"con‧strain"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "constraint"
},
{
"word": "constrict"
},
{
"word": "restrain"
},
{
"word": "strain"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To force physically, by strong persuasion or pressuring; to compel; to oblige."
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"persuasion",
"persuasion"
],
[
"pressuring",
"pressure"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"oblige",
"oblige"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To force physically, by strong persuasion or pressuring; to compel; to oblige."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 January 2, Philip Haigh, “Is there relief to congestion along Castlefield Corridor?”, in Rail, page 23",
"text": "But it's not just Castlefield Corridor capacity that constrains services. All the junctions on the lines feeding into the corridor are flat, so they create conflict points as trains pass.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To keep within close bounds; to confine."
],
"links": [
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"confine",
"confine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To keep within close bounds; to confine."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce a result in response to limited resources."
],
"links": [
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"limited",
"limited"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reduce a result in response to limited resources."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kənˈstɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-constrain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-constrain.ogg/En-us-constrain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-constrain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prinuždavam",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "принуждавам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nasilvam",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "насилвам"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "konstrina"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "begrænse"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "pakottaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "astreindre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "contraindre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "confiner"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "behindern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "einschränken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "limitieren"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "obligar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "koaktar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "costringere"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jehan",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "제한"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gusok",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "구속"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geumji",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "금지"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "begrense"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "bǣdan"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "constranger"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "apertar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "restringir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prinuždátʹ",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "принужда́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "prisiliti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "constreñir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "limitar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "restringir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "obligar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "begränsa"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to force; to compel; to oblige",
"word": "zorlamak"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ograničavam",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "ограничавам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "rajata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "rajoittaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "eristää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "sulkea"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pedáō",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "πεδάω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "limitare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "whakatina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "confinar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "restringir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ograníčivatʹ",
"sense": "to keep within close bounds; to confine",
"word": "ограни́чивать"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to reduce a result in response to limited resources",
"word": "rajoittaa"
}
],
"word": "constrain"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.