See ciężki on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężki zakład"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężkość"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ciężki"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ciężki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ciężki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ciynżki"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ciynżki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ciynżki"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tęžьkъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tęžьkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tęžьkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tęžьkъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "end of the 14th century"
},
"expansion": "the end of the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "end of the 14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the end of the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tęžьkъ. First attested in the end of the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cięższy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężek",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cięższy",
"adv": "ciężce",
"adv2": "ciężko"
},
"expansion": "ciężki (comparative cięższy, derived adverb ciężce or ciężko)",
"name": "zlw-opl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciążebny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciążny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciąża"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciążanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciążba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciążebnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciążać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
36
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 37, 4:",
"text": "Lichoti moie... iaco brzemø *czoszke vczøszily se sø nade mnø (sicut onus grave gravatae sunt super me)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. pr.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 335:",
"text": "Czasch[cz]ky",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
18
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1450], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 572:",
"text": "Poszlednye czøssze przednych",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
14
]
],
"ref": "1882 [XV p. post.], Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Kleinere altpolnische Texte aus Handschriften des XV. und des Anfangs des XVI. Jahrhunderts, page 275:",
"text": "Krzysz czyąsky gravissimum pondus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 417:",
"text": "Wwiązują brzemie ciężkie a niepodobno nosić i wkładają ludziom na ramiona",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
30
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 819:",
"text": "Razy barzo ciężkie od ciężkich a trudnych rzeciądzow",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy (having much physical weight)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-zlw-opl-adj-bNHfmu8Q",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) heavy (having much physical weight)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 55 5 8 3 2 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 17, 12:",
"text": "*Rocze Moyszeszowy bily søø *czyoszkye, ... Aaron a Hur podpyeraly røcze gego... I stalo sze gest, zze røcze gego nye umøczyowaly sze",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
51
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 151:",
"text": "Wargi miał siln[i]e słodkie, słowa nie były ciężkie ani miąsze, ale były nadobne, rumiane",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy, laboured; droopy, saggy"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-zlw-opl-adj-CdeKpNoF",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"laboured",
"laboured"
],
[
"droopy",
"droopy"
],
[
"saggy",
"saggy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XLVII, page 358:",
"text": "Czanskim praegnantibus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
33
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 105r:",
"text": "Pregnans id est grauida czyąschką",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p.pr.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XLVII, page 358:",
"text": "Czanskim praegnantibus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
10
]
],
"ref": "1880-1894 [XV med.], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume V, page 252:",
"text": "S cząschką cum... pregnante",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
31
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 21, 22:",
"text": "Uraszylbi ktori szonø czyøszkøø, ... poddan bødze szkodze, kako wyelye szødalbi møøsz nyewyasti",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, page 179:",
"text": "Czyaszka gravida",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
52
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 54:",
"text": "Nie wiedząc, co by sie to stało, iż jest juże ciężka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 55:",
"text": "Co mie zwodzicie, iżby ią anioł ciężką uczynił!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pregnant"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-zlw-opl-adj-N2vnLji7",
"links": [
[
"pregnant",
"pregnant"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, of a woman, in the feminine) pregnant"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the feminine",
"of a woman"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
31
]
],
"ref": "c. 1420, Legenda o św. Dorocie, page 169:",
"text": "Crol vcruthny wymislil czenszke manky",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
111
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1435], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XIX, page 76:",
"text": "Gdy pasterze w nocy paśli, stanął przy nich anioł spasny, którzy widząc iasność boską, bali się boiaźnią ciężką",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
45
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 103:",
"text": "Czy ysczy poziczacze takye dlusznyky cząskymy vynamy vdranczayancz... pyenyąndze viczyangali",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
39
]
],
"ref": "1880-1894 [XV p. pr.], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page 301:",
"text": "Surge et comede, grandis, longa cząsską, enim restat tibi via",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
89,
98
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Nah”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 3, 3:",
"text": "Byada myastu... Nye odydze ot cyebye lup..., glos grzmyenya kola..., wyelykoscy zbytey a cyøszkego padnyenya",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
57
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 484:",
"text": "Aszasz nye czytal szwyathych zyvothą, czo myely czyaszkye *glopothy?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
56,
64
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 497:",
"text": "Dzywno gyesth nye thbacz okruthnosczy, czyrzpyancz tako czaszkye bolesczy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
67,
76
]
],
"ref": "1875 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Motty, editor, Książeczka do nabożeństwa Jadwigi księżniczki polskiej, Modlitewnik Nawojki, page 95:",
"text": "Twe czlowyeczensthwo prze nasz grzeschne na krzyz dano, w makach y czyąskych zawyeschono",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
18
]
],
"ref": "1866 [XV p. post.], Pismo poświęcone naukom, sztukom i przemysłowi, volume 1, Biblioteka Warszawska, page 316:",
"text": "Na *nascha cząskye bollesczy ad maximos nostros dolores",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
15
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XIX, Nowa Słupia, page 48:",
"text": "Zamath czyaszky dostal szya mye, ubogyey zenye, vydzącz roszkrw[y]awyone me myle narodzenye",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
15
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV ex.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XIX, page 73:",
"text": "S meky cyeszkey dusze yathe tysz mocznye wybavyla",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
75,
85
]
],
"ref": "1915 [XV ex.], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543, page 536:",
"text": "Swanthy Mychal... wskazal yemu yeden plomyen, gdzye... smanthek y placz, y czyaschkye wzdychanye",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 819:",
"text": "Trzecie razy barzo ciężkie od ciężkich a trudnych rzeciądzow",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
47
]
],
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 57:",
"text": "Czo moze bycz weszwano chromothą albo czyaszkye ranyenye?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
26
]
],
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 57:",
"text": "Ny szadney rany czyaszkyey",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
16
],
[
60,
69
]
],
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 72:",
"text": "Szaly *czyaszkye rany, blyszko zmyerthne?... thy dzyerza za czyaszkye rany",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
60
]
],
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 116:",
"text": "Gdyby yeden czlowyek zawolal na drugyego o glową, o czyaszką raną albo ocz gynnego neszprawnego",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
12
]
],
"ref": "[c. 1455-1460], Rękopiśmienne ekscerpty, page 44:",
"text": "Rana czyaska wlnus monomochale",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
71
]
],
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page ap. Ib:",
"text": "Prosczye... za nadaw[s]cze thego bozego domv, kthorzy szwych czyanskych roboth vdzvelaya then vbogy dom",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
33
]
],
"ref": "1892 [1484], Hieronim Łopaciński, editor, Reguła trzeciego zakonu św. Franciszka i drobniejsze zabytki języka polskiego z końca w. XV i początku XVI, Krakow, page 712:",
"text": "Syosthry... dla gych... czyązkych pracz (fatigationis afficientis) m[ogą gyesycz] trzy razy przez dzyeny",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
76,
85
]
],
"ref": "15th century, Spowiedź powszechna - Confessio generalis, number 3:",
"text": "Prossza svego stvorzyczyela, […] yszby mya nye ssvdzyl podlvg mych sloscy y czyaskych grzechow",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
68
]
],
"ref": "1875 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Motty, editor, Książeczka do nabożeństwa Jadwigi księżniczki polskiej, Modlitewnik Nawojki, page 93:",
"text": "Wyerzą ya, yze yest twe wyaczsche... myloszyerdzye nyz me czyaszsche zgrzeschenye",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
34
]
],
"ref": "1875 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Motty, editor, Książeczka do nabożeństwa Jadwigi księżniczki polskiej, Modlitewnik Nawojki, page 165:",
"text": "Wyrwy mye... od grzechow czyąskych",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
67
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 725:",
"text": "Cayphasch dzyerze na sobye odzyenye, aby thym vyathscha y czyasschą vyną vkazal namylszego Iesucrista, a thym tez dranym straczyl y slavą, y dostoyenstvo kaplanstva",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficult; great; serious; awful"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-zlw-opl-adj-T2SOY6G-",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"awful",
"awful"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Masovia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) difficult; great; serious; awful"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
57
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 34, 21:",
"text": "Spowadacz czi se bødø w czirekwi welikey, w ludu czøszkem (in populo gravi,) chwalicz cze bødø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
21
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 18, 26:",
"text": "Czsokoly *czyoszkyego bilo, przynoszyly przeden, a lacznyeysze telko sødzøøcz",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Jud”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 21, 5:",
"text": "Cyøszkø przisyøgø bily syø zawyøzaly",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"serious, weighty"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-zlw-opl-adj-V~-8Tqll",
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"weighty",
"weighty"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) serious, weighty"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
35
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 4, 3:",
"text": "Sinowe czlowekow, dokød to czøszkim sercem (filii hominum, usquequo gravi corde)?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
10
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Judith”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 9, 4:",
"text": "Ti cyøszke przigodi, gesz nas potkali, tisz wimyszlyl",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XIX, Nowa Słupia, page 48:",
"text": "Czaszka moya chwylya, krwawa godzyn[a], wydzacz nyewyernego Zydowyna, ysz on bygye, maczy mego mylego syna",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sad"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-zlw-opl-adj-RcmmYU~M",
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 17:",
"text": "Czanzek molestus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 17:",
"text": "Czanzek molestus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
28
]
],
"ref": "1882 [XV p. post.], Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Kleinere altpolnische Texte aus Handschriften des XV. und des Anfangs des XVI. Jahrhunderts, page 286:",
"text": "Pąthnykowy ne bandz czyaszek",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"annoying, unpleasant"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-zlw-opl-adj-Z16gF6o~",
"links": [
[
"annoying",
"annoying"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
16
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1450], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 571:",
"text": "Peiora *czoszsze",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"annoying, unpleasant",
"bad"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-zlw-opl-adj-EljO6dXj",
"links": [
[
"annoying",
"annoying"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"annoying, unpleasant",
"(hapax legomenon) bad"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕæ̃ʃʲkiː/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕæ̃ʃʲki/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ciężki"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężkawy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nieciężki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "z ciężkim sercem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężka atletyka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężka gleba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężka ręka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężka woda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężki karabin maszynowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężki kawałek chleba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężkość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "krawiectwo ciężkie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "metal ciężki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "przemysł ciężki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "waga ciężka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mieć ciężką nogę"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ciężki",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ciężki",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ciężki"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ciężki",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ciężki.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cięższy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najcięższy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "nacięższy",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cieżki",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężek",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cięższy",
"adv": "ciężko",
"mpsup": "nacięższy"
},
"expansion": "ciężki (comparative cięższy, superlative najcięższy, Middle Polish superlative nacięższy, derived adverb ciężko)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cięż‧ki"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciążowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężarny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciąża"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciążenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciążówka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężarek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężarna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężarowiec"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężarówka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "zaciążenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągnąc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciążyć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy (having much physical weight)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-bNHfmu8Q",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nielekki"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, hard (labored, slow, sluggish)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-~CsgZWmH",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ociężały"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy, hard (i.e. of a step, done stronger than usual; of great force, power, or intensity; deep or intense)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-zm5ojDtu",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "silny"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, difficult, heavy (requiring much effort; not easy)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj--PDOQA4W",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "ciężki"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "męczący"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "mozolny"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "nielekki"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "niełatwy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "pracochłonny"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "trudny"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "wyczerpujący"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "uciążliwy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "znojny"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "żmudny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (difficult to digest)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-4hkhqe2m",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of food) heavy (difficult to digest)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of food"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciężkostrawny"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 7 1 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 2 1 12 1 0 0 12 1 1 1 1 0 15 4 1 0 0 6 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 14 1 0 0 13 0 1 1 0 0 17 4 0 0 0 6 8 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy, weighty (made of thick material; massive)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-80XKcKT6",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"weighty",
"weighty"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (i.e. of a head, laden to a great extent; giving the impression as if heavy)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-ZfFTU4vp",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ołowiany"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, weighty (serious, intense)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-qRdKfcrG",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"weighty",
"weighty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poważny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (not easy to bear; burdensome)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-xrJvtrVB",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 7 1 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 2 1 12 1 0 0 12 1 1 1 1 0 15 4 1 0 0 6 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 14 1 0 0 13 0 1 1 0 0 17 4 0 0 0 6 8 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, heavy (full of worries, troubles and negative events)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-endRzmuv",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niełatwy"
},
{
"word": "trudny"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, heavy (difficult to watch, read, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-qMM5Fbpi",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a movie, etc.) hard, heavy (difficult to watch, read, etc.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a movie"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niestrawny"
}
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (lacking finesse or inspiration)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-fvL7Ar9q",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (intended for tasks requiring high force)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-wiBSiwmL",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of equipment) heavy (intended for tasks requiring high force)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of equipment"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy (more heavily armed or armored)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-kXk0DBTE",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"qualifier": "i.e. of a tank",
"raw_glosses": [
"(i.e. of a tank) heavy (more heavily armed or armored)"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"huge (possessinga a particular trait to a considerable extent)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-5nqFsnXo",
"links": [
[
"huge",
"huge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) huge (possessinga a particular trait to a considerable extent)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Technology",
"orig": "pl:Technology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 1 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 2 1 12 1 0 0 12 1 1 1 1 0 15 4 1 0 0 6 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 14 1 0 0 13 0 1 1 0 0 17 4 0 0 0 6 8 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 2 1 3 12 5 0 1 12 1 2 1 2 2 18 4 1 0 1 6 8 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"large (taking up much memory)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-bwTE2epn",
"links": [
[
"technology",
"technology"
],
[
"large",
"large"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, technology) large (taking up much memory)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"technology"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"serious, severe (dangerous, life-threatening)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-pgS9xLXh",
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a disease) serious, severe (dangerous, life-threatening)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a disease"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poważny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"deep, rough (low pitched and unpleasant)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-4G07Wkzt",
"links": [
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a voice) deep, rough (low pitched and unpleasant)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a voice"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, thick"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-y5ZBnkNN",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of clouds or fog, etc.) heavy, thick"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of clouds or fog"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (thick and stuffy)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-WujVXsdj",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of air or wind, etc.) heavy (thick and stuffy)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of air or wind"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"burdensome (causing difficulty)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-77Ocv8Fl",
"links": [
[
"burdensome",
"burdensome"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) burdensome (causing difficulty)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obciążający"
},
{
"word": "uciążliwy"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"poor (difficult to cultivate)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-89TVMZEE",
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, of land) poor (difficult to cultivate)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of land"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pregnant, with child"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-KfIhKhUY",
"links": [
[
"pregnant",
"pregnant"
],
[
"with child",
"with child"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, of a woman) pregnant, with child"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a woman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "w ciąży"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"ref": "1528, J. Murmelius, Dictionarius, page 15:",
"text": "gravis Schwer Cyęſky",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy; Further details are uncertain."
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-WkztkbkE",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) heavy; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛw̃ʂ.ki/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛnʂ.ki/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛ̃ʂ.ki/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛw̃ʂki"
},
{
"homophone": "Ciężki"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "ciężki"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish adjectives",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ciężki zakład"
},
{
"word": "ciężkość"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ciężki"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ciężki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ciężki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ciynżki"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ciynżki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ciynżki"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tęžьkъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tęžьkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tęžьkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tęžьkъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "end of the 14th century"
},
"expansion": "the end of the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "end of the 14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the end of the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tęžьkъ. First attested in the end of the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cięższy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężek",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cięższy",
"adv": "ciężce",
"adv2": "ciężko"
},
"expansion": "ciężki (comparative cięższy, derived adverb ciężce or ciężko)",
"name": "zlw-opl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ciążebny"
},
{
"word": "ciążny"
},
{
"word": "ciąg"
},
{
"word": "ciąża"
},
{
"word": "ciążanie"
},
{
"word": "ciążba"
},
{
"word": "ciążebnik"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciążać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
36
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 37, 4:",
"text": "Lichoti moie... iaco brzemø *czoszke vczøszily se sø nade mnø (sicut onus grave gravatae sunt super me)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. pr.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 335:",
"text": "Czasch[cz]ky",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
18
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1450], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 572:",
"text": "Poszlednye czøssze przednych",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
14
]
],
"ref": "1882 [XV p. post.], Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Kleinere altpolnische Texte aus Handschriften des XV. und des Anfangs des XVI. Jahrhunderts, page 275:",
"text": "Krzysz czyąsky gravissimum pondus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 417:",
"text": "Wwiązują brzemie ciężkie a niepodobno nosić i wkładają ludziom na ramiona",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
30
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 819:",
"text": "Razy barzo ciężkie od ciężkich a trudnych rzeciądzow",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy (having much physical weight)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) heavy (having much physical weight)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 17, 12:",
"text": "*Rocze Moyszeszowy bily søø *czyoszkye, ... Aaron a Hur podpyeraly røcze gego... I stalo sze gest, zze røcze gego nye umøczyowaly sze",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
51
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 151:",
"text": "Wargi miał siln[i]e słodkie, słowa nie były ciężkie ani miąsze, ale były nadobne, rumiane",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy, laboured; droopy, saggy"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"laboured",
"laboured"
],
[
"droopy",
"droopy"
],
[
"saggy",
"saggy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XLVII, page 358:",
"text": "Czanskim praegnantibus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
33
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 105r:",
"text": "Pregnans id est grauida czyąschką",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p.pr.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XLVII, page 358:",
"text": "Czanskim praegnantibus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
10
]
],
"ref": "1880-1894 [XV med.], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume V, page 252:",
"text": "S cząschką cum... pregnante",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
31
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 21, 22:",
"text": "Uraszylbi ktori szonø czyøszkøø, ... poddan bødze szkodze, kako wyelye szødalbi møøsz nyewyasti",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, page 179:",
"text": "Czyaszka gravida",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
52
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 54:",
"text": "Nie wiedząc, co by sie to stało, iż jest juże ciężka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 55:",
"text": "Co mie zwodzicie, iżby ią anioł ciężką uczynił!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pregnant"
],
"links": [
[
"pregnant",
"pregnant"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, of a woman, in the feminine) pregnant"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the feminine",
"of a woman"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
31
]
],
"ref": "c. 1420, Legenda o św. Dorocie, page 169:",
"text": "Crol vcruthny wymislil czenszke manky",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
111
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1435], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XIX, page 76:",
"text": "Gdy pasterze w nocy paśli, stanął przy nich anioł spasny, którzy widząc iasność boską, bali się boiaźnią ciężką",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
45
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 103:",
"text": "Czy ysczy poziczacze takye dlusznyky cząskymy vynamy vdranczayancz... pyenyąndze viczyangali",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
39
]
],
"ref": "1880-1894 [XV p. pr.], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page 301:",
"text": "Surge et comede, grandis, longa cząsską, enim restat tibi via",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
89,
98
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Nah”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 3, 3:",
"text": "Byada myastu... Nye odydze ot cyebye lup..., glos grzmyenya kola..., wyelykoscy zbytey a cyøszkego padnyenya",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
57
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 484:",
"text": "Aszasz nye czytal szwyathych zyvothą, czo myely czyaszkye *glopothy?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
56,
64
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 497:",
"text": "Dzywno gyesth nye thbacz okruthnosczy, czyrzpyancz tako czaszkye bolesczy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
67,
76
]
],
"ref": "1875 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Motty, editor, Książeczka do nabożeństwa Jadwigi księżniczki polskiej, Modlitewnik Nawojki, page 95:",
"text": "Twe czlowyeczensthwo prze nasz grzeschne na krzyz dano, w makach y czyąskych zawyeschono",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
18
]
],
"ref": "1866 [XV p. post.], Pismo poświęcone naukom, sztukom i przemysłowi, volume 1, Biblioteka Warszawska, page 316:",
"text": "Na *nascha cząskye bollesczy ad maximos nostros dolores",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
15
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XIX, Nowa Słupia, page 48:",
"text": "Zamath czyaszky dostal szya mye, ubogyey zenye, vydzącz roszkrw[y]awyone me myle narodzenye",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
15
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV ex.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XIX, page 73:",
"text": "S meky cyeszkey dusze yathe tysz mocznye wybavyla",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
75,
85
]
],
"ref": "1915 [XV ex.], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543, page 536:",
"text": "Swanthy Mychal... wskazal yemu yeden plomyen, gdzye... smanthek y placz, y czyaschkye wzdychanye",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 819:",
"text": "Trzecie razy barzo ciężkie od ciężkich a trudnych rzeciądzow",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
47
]
],
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 57:",
"text": "Czo moze bycz weszwano chromothą albo czyaszkye ranyenye?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
26
]
],
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 57:",
"text": "Ny szadney rany czyaszkyey",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
16
],
[
60,
69
]
],
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 72:",
"text": "Szaly *czyaszkye rany, blyszko zmyerthne?... thy dzyerza za czyaszkye rany",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
60
]
],
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 116:",
"text": "Gdyby yeden czlowyek zawolal na drugyego o glową, o czyaszką raną albo ocz gynnego neszprawnego",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
12
]
],
"ref": "[c. 1455-1460], Rękopiśmienne ekscerpty, page 44:",
"text": "Rana czyaska wlnus monomochale",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
71
]
],
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page ap. Ib:",
"text": "Prosczye... za nadaw[s]cze thego bozego domv, kthorzy szwych czyanskych roboth vdzvelaya then vbogy dom",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
33
]
],
"ref": "1892 [1484], Hieronim Łopaciński, editor, Reguła trzeciego zakonu św. Franciszka i drobniejsze zabytki języka polskiego z końca w. XV i początku XVI, Krakow, page 712:",
"text": "Syosthry... dla gych... czyązkych pracz (fatigationis afficientis) m[ogą gyesycz] trzy razy przez dzyeny",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
76,
85
]
],
"ref": "15th century, Spowiedź powszechna - Confessio generalis, number 3:",
"text": "Prossza svego stvorzyczyela, […] yszby mya nye ssvdzyl podlvg mych sloscy y czyaskych grzechow",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
68
]
],
"ref": "1875 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Motty, editor, Książeczka do nabożeństwa Jadwigi księżniczki polskiej, Modlitewnik Nawojki, page 93:",
"text": "Wyerzą ya, yze yest twe wyaczsche... myloszyerdzye nyz me czyaszsche zgrzeschenye",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
34
]
],
"ref": "1875 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Motty, editor, Książeczka do nabożeństwa Jadwigi księżniczki polskiej, Modlitewnik Nawojki, page 165:",
"text": "Wyrwy mye... od grzechow czyąskych",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
67
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 725:",
"text": "Cayphasch dzyerze na sobye odzyenye, aby thym vyathscha y czyasschą vyną vkazal namylszego Iesucrista, a thym tez dranym straczyl y slavą, y dostoyenstvo kaplanstva",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficult; great; serious; awful"
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"awful",
"awful"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Masovia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) difficult; great; serious; awful"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
57
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 34, 21:",
"text": "Spowadacz czi se bødø w czirekwi welikey, w ludu czøszkem (in populo gravi,) chwalicz cze bødø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
21
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 18, 26:",
"text": "Czsokoly *czyoszkyego bilo, przynoszyly przeden, a lacznyeysze telko sødzøøcz",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Jud”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 21, 5:",
"text": "Cyøszkø przisyøgø bily syø zawyøzaly",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"serious, weighty"
],
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"weighty",
"weighty"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) serious, weighty"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
35
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 4, 3:",
"text": "Sinowe czlowekow, dokød to czøszkim sercem (filii hominum, usquequo gravi corde)?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
10
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Judith”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 9, 4:",
"text": "Ti cyøszke przigodi, gesz nas potkali, tisz wimyszlyl",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XIX, Nowa Słupia, page 48:",
"text": "Czaszka moya chwylya, krwawa godzyn[a], wydzacz nyewyernego Zydowyna, ysz on bygye, maczy mego mylego syna",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sad"
],
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 17:",
"text": "Czanzek molestus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 17:",
"text": "Czanzek molestus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
28
]
],
"ref": "1882 [XV p. post.], Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Kleinere altpolnische Texte aus Handschriften des XV. und des Anfangs des XVI. Jahrhunderts, page 286:",
"text": "Pąthnykowy ne bandz czyaszek",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"annoying, unpleasant"
],
"links": [
[
"annoying",
"annoying"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
16
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [c. 1450], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 571:",
"text": "Peiora *czoszsze",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"annoying, unpleasant",
"bad"
],
"links": [
[
"annoying",
"annoying"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"annoying, unpleasant",
"(hapax legomenon) bad"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕæ̃ʃʲkiː/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕæ̃ʃʲki/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ciężki"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish velar adjectives",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛw̃ʂki",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛw̃ʂki/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ciężkawy"
},
{
"word": "nieciężki"
},
{
"word": "z ciężkim sercem"
},
{
"word": "ciężka atletyka"
},
{
"word": "ciężka gleba"
},
{
"word": "ciężka ręka"
},
{
"word": "ciężka woda"
},
{
"word": "ciężki karabin maszynowy"
},
{
"word": "ciężki kawałek chleba"
},
{
"word": "ciężkość"
},
{
"word": "krawiectwo ciężkie"
},
{
"word": "metal ciężki"
},
{
"word": "przemysł ciężki"
},
{
"word": "waga ciężka"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mieć ciężką nogę"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ciężki",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ciężki",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ciężki"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ciężki",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ciężki.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cięższy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najcięższy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "nacięższy",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cieżki",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężek",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cięższy",
"adv": "ciężko",
"mpsup": "nacięższy"
},
"expansion": "ciężki (comparative cięższy, superlative najcięższy, Middle Polish superlative nacięższy, derived adverb ciężko)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cięż‧ki"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ciążowy"
},
{
"word": "ciężarny"
},
{
"word": "ciąg"
},
{
"word": "ciąża"
},
{
"word": "ciążenie"
},
{
"word": "ciążówka"
},
{
"word": "ciężar"
},
{
"word": "ciężarek"
},
{
"word": "ciężarna"
},
{
"word": "ciężarowiec"
},
{
"word": "ciężarówka"
},
{
"word": "zaciążenie"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągnąc"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciążyć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy (having much physical weight)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nielekki"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, hard (labored, slow, sluggish)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ociężały"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy, hard (i.e. of a step, done stronger than usual; of great force, power, or intensity; deep or intense)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "silny"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, difficult, heavy (requiring much effort; not easy)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "ciężki"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "męczący"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "mozolny"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "nielekki"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "niełatwy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "pracochłonny"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "trudny"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "wyczerpujący"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "uciążliwy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "znojny"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:trudny",
"word": "żmudny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (difficult to digest)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of food) heavy (difficult to digest)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of food"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciężkostrawny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, weighty (made of thick material; massive)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"weighty",
"weighty"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (i.e. of a head, laden to a great extent; giving the impression as if heavy)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ołowiany"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, weighty (serious, intense)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"weighty",
"weighty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poważny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (not easy to bear; burdensome)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hard, heavy (full of worries, troubles and negative events)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niełatwy"
},
{
"word": "trudny"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, heavy (difficult to watch, read, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a movie, etc.) hard, heavy (difficult to watch, read, etc.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a movie"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niestrawny"
}
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (lacking finesse or inspiration)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (intended for tasks requiring high force)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of equipment) heavy (intended for tasks requiring high force)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of equipment"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy (more heavily armed or armored)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"qualifier": "i.e. of a tank",
"raw_glosses": [
"(i.e. of a tank) heavy (more heavily armed or armored)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"huge (possessinga a particular trait to a considerable extent)"
],
"links": [
[
"huge",
"huge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) huge (possessinga a particular trait to a considerable extent)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"pl:Technology"
],
"glosses": [
"large (taking up much memory)"
],
"links": [
[
"technology",
"technology"
],
[
"large",
"large"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, technology) large (taking up much memory)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"technology"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"serious, severe (dangerous, life-threatening)"
],
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a disease) serious, severe (dangerous, life-threatening)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a disease"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poważny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"deep, rough (low pitched and unpleasant)"
],
"links": [
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a voice) deep, rough (low pitched and unpleasant)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a voice"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, thick"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of clouds or fog, etc.) heavy, thick"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of clouds or fog"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (thick and stuffy)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of air or wind, etc.) heavy (thick and stuffy)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of air or wind"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"burdensome (causing difficulty)"
],
"links": [
[
"burdensome",
"burdensome"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) burdensome (causing difficulty)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obciążający"
},
{
"word": "uciążliwy"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"poor (difficult to cultivate)"
],
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, of land) poor (difficult to cultivate)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of land"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"pregnant, with child"
],
"links": [
[
"pregnant",
"pregnant"
],
[
"with child",
"with child"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, of a woman) pregnant, with child"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a woman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "w ciąży"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"ref": "1528, J. Murmelius, Dictionarius, page 15:",
"text": "gravis Schwer Cyęſky",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy; Further details are uncertain."
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) heavy; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛw̃ʂ.ki/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛnʂ.ki/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛ̃ʂ.ki/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛw̃ʂki"
},
{
"homophone": "Ciężki"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "ciężki"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciężki meaning in All languages combined (31.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: derived adverb ciężce or ciężko",
"path": [
"ciężki"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciężki",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ciężki"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciężki",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ciężki"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciężki",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: derived adverb ciężko",
"path": [
"ciężki"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciężki",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
"path": [
"ciężki"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciężki",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (89ebc88 and e74c913). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.