See ciąg on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ciąg"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ciąg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ciąg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ciōng"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ciōng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ciōng"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tęgъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tęgъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tęgъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tęgъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tęgъ. First attested in the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciąg m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "ciąg m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 4 6 1 2 9 6 6 2 1 4 3 10 3 8 2 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 5 7 1 1 6 9 7 1 1 3 2 13 2 10 1 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
27
]
],
"ref": "1902 [1405], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 261:",
"text": "Ian se poddal Tome pod czøg in VII fertones, a przed rokem go ne vczøczal",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"taking as collateral, judicial seizure; pledge"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-zlw-opl-noun-sch8XPQv",
"links": [
[
"taking",
"take"
],
[
"collateral",
"collateral"
],
[
"judicial",
"judicial"
],
[
"seizure",
"seizure"
],
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) taking as collateral, judicial seizure; pledge"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ciągadło"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągnąć"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɑ̃k/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɑ̃k/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ciąg"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "jednym ciągiem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "w dalszym ciągu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciąg arytmetyczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciąg geometryczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciąg na bramkę"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dalszy ciąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gazociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "korkociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "martwy ciąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "naftociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "parociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "próżniociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ropociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rurociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wodociąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciąg dalszy nastąpi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "w ciągu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ciąg",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ciąg",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ciąg"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ciąg",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ciągać"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from ciągać",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ciąg. By surface analysis, deverbal from ciągać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciągowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciąg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciąg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "ciągowy"
},
"expansion": "ciąg m inan (related adjective ciągowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciąg"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągnąć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"string, chain, sequence (series of uninterrupted things)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-w7dn-qaL",
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 9 1 4 8 8 9 4 1 5 4 11 5 11 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 1 7 8 5 10 6 1 6 5 9 8 6 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 14 1 7 10 7 10 3 1 4 7 10 5 6 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 12 1 9 10 7 11 4 1 4 7 8 4 8 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 11 5 11 8 5 7 5 5 7 8 5 5 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Alcoholism",
"orig": "pl:Alcoholism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"string, chain, sequence (series of uninterrupted events in time)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-0LQKDkKS",
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "następstwo"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stream (flow of some liquid or gas)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-VfewWFfg",
"links": [
[
"stream",
"stream"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "pl:Mathematics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 11 5 11 8 5 7 5 5 7 8 5 5 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Alcoholism",
"orig": "pl:Alcoholism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sequence (an ordered list of objects, typically indexed with natural numbers)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-3i-7TlLX",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence#English:_mathematics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) sequence (an ordered list of objects, typically indexed with natural numbers)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "pl:Zoology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 1 7 11 8 12 3 1 4 6 10 5 9 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 12 1 9 10 7 11 4 1 4 7 8 4 8 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flocking, migration (group movement of animals)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-AqNJXIX2",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"flock",
"flock"
],
[
"migration",
"migration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) flocking, migration (group movement of animals)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"binge (prolonged period of intoxication or excessive heavy drinking)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-6D~LjP60",
"links": [
[
"binge",
"binge"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cug"
},
{
"word": "kurs"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 7 1 7 11 8 12 3 1 4 6 10 5 9 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 12 1 9 10 7 11 4 1 4 7 8 4 8 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 1 5 7 4 43 4 1 3 4 5 5 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "pl:Physics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thrust (the force generated by propulsion, as in a jet engine)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-v-o-ORVc",
"links": [
[
"thrust",
"thrust#English:_aerodynamics"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"propulsion",
"propulsion"
],
[
"jet engine",
"jet engine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aerodynamics) thrust (the force generated by propulsion, as in a jet engine)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"aerodynamics",
"aerospace",
"business",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"pull, tug (act or result of pulling)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-qtMlOH5f",
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"tug",
"tug"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) pull, tug (act or result of pulling)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pociągnięcie"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"row, line"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-79X~18L6",
"links": [
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) row, line"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rząd"
},
{
"word": "szereg"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish requests for English equivalent term",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"part of a published article, story etc. contained in a single edition"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-G2YEJljl",
"links": [
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"article",
"article"
],
[
"story",
"story"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) part of a published article, story etc. contained in a single edition"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"thread (series of events in a story)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-lbVSiHeB",
"links": [
[
"thread",
"thread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) thread (series of events in a story)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wątek"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "pl:Art",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 1 4 8 8 9 4 1 5 4 11 5 11 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 1 7 11 8 12 3 1 4 6 10 5 9 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"engraving, etching"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-zQO7lgGW",
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"engraving",
"engraving"
],
[
"etching",
"etching"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, art) engraving, etching"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rys"
},
{
"word": "sztych"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "pl:Agriculture",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"furrow"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-u~0sB8lT",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"furrow",
"furrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, agriculture) furrow"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bruzda"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 9 1 4 8 8 9 4 1 5 4 11 5 11 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 1 4 5 5 5 4 1 4 5 6 7 39 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Horses",
"orig": "pl:Horses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"team of horses hitched in side-by-side pairs"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-1nvQKxmL",
"links": [
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, obsolete) team of horses hitched in side-by-side pairs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cug"
}
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "pl:Mining",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gust of wind, draft of air (przeciąg)"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-nPRllcHw",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"gust",
"gust"
],
[
"draft",
"draft"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, mining) gust of wind, draft of air (przeciąg)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przeciąg"
},
{
"word": "przewiew"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hunting",
"orig": "pl:Hunting",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 1 4 8 8 9 4 1 5 4 11 5 11 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"part of a net where a hunter draws line"
],
"id": "en-ciąg-pl-noun-zbb7cMu1",
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"net",
"net"
],
[
"hunter",
"hunter"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, hunting) part of a net where a hunter draws line"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔŋk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ̃k/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔŋk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "ciąg"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Alcoholism",
"pl:Horses",
"pl:Physics"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ciąg"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ciąg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ciąg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ciōng"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ciōng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ciōng"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tęgъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tęgъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tęgъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tęgъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tęgъ. First attested in the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciąg m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "ciąg m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ciągadło"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągnąć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
27
]
],
"ref": "1902 [1405], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 261:",
"text": "Ian se poddal Tome pod czøg in VII fertones, a przed rokem go ne vczøczal",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"taking as collateral, judicial seizure; pledge"
],
"links": [
[
"taking",
"take"
],
[
"collateral",
"collateral"
],
[
"judicial",
"judicial"
],
[
"seizure",
"seizure"
],
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) taking as collateral, judicial seizure; pledge"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɑ̃k/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɑ̃k/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ciąg"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish deverbals",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔŋk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔŋk/1 syllable",
"pl:Alcoholism",
"pl:Horses",
"pl:Physics"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "jednym ciągiem"
},
{
"word": "w dalszym ciągu"
},
{
"word": "ciąg arytmetyczny"
},
{
"word": "ciąg geometryczny"
},
{
"word": "ciąg na bramkę"
},
{
"word": "dalszy ciąg"
},
{
"word": "gazociąg"
},
{
"word": "korkociąg"
},
{
"word": "martwy ciąg"
},
{
"word": "naftociąg"
},
{
"word": "parociąg"
},
{
"word": "próżniociąg"
},
{
"word": "ropociąg"
},
{
"word": "rurociąg"
},
{
"word": "wodociąg"
},
{
"word": "ciąg dalszy nastąpi"
},
{
"word": "w ciągu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ciąg",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ciąg",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ciąg"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ciąg",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ciągać"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from ciągać",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ciąg. By surface analysis, deverbal from ciągać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciągowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciąg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciąg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciągi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "ciągowy"
},
"expansion": "ciąg m inan (related adjective ciągowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciąg"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągnąć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"string, chain, sequence (series of uninterrupted things)"
],
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"string, chain, sequence (series of uninterrupted events in time)"
],
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "następstwo"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stream (flow of some liquid or gas)"
],
"links": [
[
"stream",
"stream"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"sequence (an ordered list of objects, typically indexed with natural numbers)"
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence#English:_mathematics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) sequence (an ordered list of objects, typically indexed with natural numbers)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"flocking, migration (group movement of animals)"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"flock",
"flock"
],
[
"migration",
"migration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) flocking, migration (group movement of animals)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"binge (prolonged period of intoxication or excessive heavy drinking)"
],
"links": [
[
"binge",
"binge"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cug"
},
{
"word": "kurs"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thrust (the force generated by propulsion, as in a jet engine)"
],
"links": [
[
"thrust",
"thrust#English:_aerodynamics"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"propulsion",
"propulsion"
],
[
"jet engine",
"jet engine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aerodynamics) thrust (the force generated by propulsion, as in a jet engine)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"aerodynamics",
"aerospace",
"business",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"pull, tug (act or result of pulling)"
],
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"tug",
"tug"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) pull, tug (act or result of pulling)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pociągnięcie"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"row, line"
],
"links": [
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) row, line"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rząd"
},
{
"word": "szereg"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish requests for English equivalent term",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"part of a published article, story etc. contained in a single edition"
],
"links": [
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"article",
"article"
],
[
"story",
"story"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) part of a published article, story etc. contained in a single edition"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"thread (series of events in a story)"
],
"links": [
[
"thread",
"thread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) thread (series of events in a story)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wątek"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Art"
],
"glosses": [
"engraving, etching"
],
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"engraving",
"engraving"
],
[
"etching",
"etching"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, art) engraving, etching"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rys"
},
{
"word": "sztych"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Agriculture"
],
"glosses": [
"furrow"
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"furrow",
"furrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, agriculture) furrow"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bruzda"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish collective nouns",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"team of horses hitched in side-by-side pairs"
],
"links": [
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, obsolete) team of horses hitched in side-by-side pairs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cug"
}
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"gust of wind, draft of air (przeciąg)"
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"gust",
"gust"
],
[
"draft",
"draft"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, mining) gust of wind, draft of air (przeciąg)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przeciąg"
},
{
"word": "przewiew"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"pl:Hunting"
],
"glosses": [
"part of a net where a hunter draws line"
],
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"net",
"net"
],
[
"hunter",
"hunter"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, hunting) part of a net where a hunter draws line"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔŋk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ̃k/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔŋk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "ciąg"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciąg meaning in All languages combined (11.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'ciąg m animacy unattested' in 'ciąg m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"ciąg"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ciąg",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (887c61b and 3d4dee6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.