See ciężki in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężkawy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nieciężki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "z ciężkim sercem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężka atletyka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężka gleba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężka ręka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężka woda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężki karabin maszynowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężki kawałek chleba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężkość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "krawiectwo ciężkie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "metal ciężki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "przemysł ciężki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "waga ciężka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mieć ciężką nogę"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ciężki",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ciężki",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ciężki"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ciężki",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ciężki.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cięższy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najcięższy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "nacięższy",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cieżki",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężek",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cięższy",
"adv": "ciężko",
"mpsup": "nacięższy"
},
"expansion": "ciężki (comparative cięższy, superlative najcięższy, Middle Polish superlative nacięższy, derived adverb ciężko)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cięż‧ki"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciążowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężarny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciąg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciąża"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciążenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciążówka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężarek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężarna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężarowiec"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciężarówka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "zaciążenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągnąc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciążyć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy (having much physical weight)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-bNHfmu8Q",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nielekki"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, hard (labored, slow, sluggish)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-~CsgZWmH",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ociężały"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy, hard (i.e. of a step, done stronger than usual; of great force, power, or intensity; deep or intense)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-zm5ojDtu",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "silny"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, difficult, heavy (requiring much effort; not easy)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj--PDOQA4W",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "trudny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (difficult to digest)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-4hkhqe2m",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of food) heavy (difficult to digest)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of food"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciężkostrawny"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 7 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 12 1 1 0 11 1 1 1 1 1 14 4 1 0 0 6 7 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 13 0 1 0 13 0 1 1 1 0 16 5 1 0 0 6 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy, weighty (made of thick material; massive)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-80XKcKT6",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"weighty",
"weighty"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (i.e. of a head, laden to a great extent; giving the impression as if heavy)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-ZfFTU4vp",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ołowiany"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, weighty (serious, intense)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-qRdKfcrG",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"weighty",
"weighty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poważny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (not easy to bear; burdensome)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-xrJvtrVB",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 7 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 12 1 1 0 11 1 1 1 1 1 14 4 1 0 0 6 7 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 13 0 1 0 13 0 1 1 1 0 16 5 1 0 0 6 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, heavy (full of worries, troubles and negative events)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-endRzmuv",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niełatwy"
},
{
"word": "trudny"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, heavy (difficult to watch, read, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-qMM5Fbpi",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a movie, etc.) hard, heavy (difficult to watch, read, etc.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a movie"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niestrawny"
}
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (lacking finesse or inspiration)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-fvL7Ar9q",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (intended for tasks requiring high force)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-wiBSiwmL",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of equipment) heavy (intended for tasks requiring high force)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of equipment"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy (more heavily armed or armored)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-kXk0DBTE",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"qualifier": "i.e. of a tank",
"raw_glosses": [
"(i.e. of a tank) heavy (more heavily armed or armored)"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"huge (possessinga a particular trait to a considerable extent)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-5nqFsnXo",
"links": [
[
"huge",
"huge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) huge (possessinga a particular trait to a considerable extent)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Technology",
"orig": "pl:Technology",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 12 1 1 0 11 1 1 1 1 1 14 4 1 0 0 6 7 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 13 0 1 0 13 0 1 1 1 0 16 5 1 0 0 6 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 2 1 12 2 2 0 12 0 3 1 2 2 17 6 2 0 0 6 8 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"large (taking up much memory)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-bwTE2epn",
"links": [
[
"technology",
"technology"
],
[
"large",
"large"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, technology) large (taking up much memory)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"technology"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"serious, severe (dangerous, life-threatening)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-pgS9xLXh",
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a disease) serious, severe (dangerous, life-threatening)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a disease"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poważny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"deep, rough (low pitched and unpleasant)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-4G07Wkzt",
"links": [
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a voice) deep, rough (low pitched and unpleasant)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a voice"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, thick"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-y5ZBnkNN",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of clouds or fog, etc.) heavy, thick"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of clouds or fog"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (thick and stuffy)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-WujVXsdj",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of air or wind, etc.) heavy (thick and stuffy)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of air or wind"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"burdensome (causing difficulty)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-77Ocv8Fl",
"links": [
[
"burdensome",
"burdensome"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) burdensome (causing difficulty)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obciążający"
},
{
"word": "uciążliwy"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"poor (difficult to cultivate)"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-89TVMZEE",
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, of land) poor (difficult to cultivate)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of land"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pregnant, with child"
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-KfIhKhUY",
"links": [
[
"pregnant",
"pregnant"
],
[
"with child",
"with child"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, of a woman) pregnant, with child"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a woman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "w ciąży"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1528, J. Murmelius, Dictionarius, page 15:",
"text": "gravis Schwer Cyęſky",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy; Further details are uncertain."
],
"id": "en-ciężki-pl-adj-WkztkbkE",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) heavy; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛw̃ʂ.ki/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛnʂ.ki/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛ̃ʂ.ki/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛw̃ʂki"
},
{
"homophone": "Ciężki"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "ciężki"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish velar adjectives",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛw̃ʂki",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛw̃ʂki/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ciężkawy"
},
{
"word": "nieciężki"
},
{
"word": "z ciężkim sercem"
},
{
"word": "ciężka atletyka"
},
{
"word": "ciężka gleba"
},
{
"word": "ciężka ręka"
},
{
"word": "ciężka woda"
},
{
"word": "ciężki karabin maszynowy"
},
{
"word": "ciężki kawałek chleba"
},
{
"word": "ciężkość"
},
{
"word": "krawiectwo ciężkie"
},
{
"word": "metal ciężki"
},
{
"word": "przemysł ciężki"
},
{
"word": "waga ciężka"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mieć ciężką nogę"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ciężki",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ciężki",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ciężki"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ciężki",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ciężki.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cięższy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najcięższy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "nacięższy",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężcy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężkich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cieżki",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciężek",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cięższy",
"adv": "ciężko",
"mpsup": "nacięższy"
},
"expansion": "ciężki (comparative cięższy, superlative najcięższy, Middle Polish superlative nacięższy, derived adverb ciężko)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cięż‧ki"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ciążowy"
},
{
"word": "ciężarny"
},
{
"word": "ciąg"
},
{
"word": "ciąża"
},
{
"word": "ciążenie"
},
{
"word": "ciążówka"
},
{
"word": "ciężar"
},
{
"word": "ciężarek"
},
{
"word": "ciężarna"
},
{
"word": "ciężarowiec"
},
{
"word": "ciężarówka"
},
{
"word": "zaciążenie"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągnąc"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciążyć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy (having much physical weight)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nielekki"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, hard (labored, slow, sluggish)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ociężały"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy, hard (i.e. of a step, done stronger than usual; of great force, power, or intensity; deep or intense)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "silny"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, difficult, heavy (requiring much effort; not easy)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "trudny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (difficult to digest)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of food) heavy (difficult to digest)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of food"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciężkostrawny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, weighty (made of thick material; massive)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"weighty",
"weighty"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (i.e. of a head, laden to a great extent; giving the impression as if heavy)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ołowiany"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, weighty (serious, intense)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"weighty",
"weighty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poważny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (not easy to bear; burdensome)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hard, heavy (full of worries, troubles and negative events)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niełatwy"
},
{
"word": "trudny"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, heavy (difficult to watch, read, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a movie, etc.) hard, heavy (difficult to watch, read, etc.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a movie"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niestrawny"
}
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (lacking finesse or inspiration)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (intended for tasks requiring high force)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of equipment) heavy (intended for tasks requiring high force)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of equipment"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy (more heavily armed or armored)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"qualifier": "i.e. of a tank",
"raw_glosses": [
"(i.e. of a tank) heavy (more heavily armed or armored)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"huge (possessinga a particular trait to a considerable extent)"
],
"links": [
[
"huge",
"huge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) huge (possessinga a particular trait to a considerable extent)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lekki"
}
],
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"pl:Technology"
],
"glosses": [
"large (taking up much memory)"
],
"links": [
[
"technology",
"technology"
],
[
"large",
"large"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, technology) large (taking up much memory)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"technology"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"serious, severe (dangerous, life-threatening)"
],
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a disease) serious, severe (dangerous, life-threatening)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a disease"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "poważny"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"deep, rough (low pitched and unpleasant)"
],
"links": [
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a voice) deep, rough (low pitched and unpleasant)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a voice"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy, thick"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of clouds or fog, etc.) heavy, thick"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of clouds or fog"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavy (thick and stuffy)"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of air or wind, etc.) heavy (thick and stuffy)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of air or wind"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"burdensome (causing difficulty)"
],
"links": [
[
"burdensome",
"burdensome"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) burdensome (causing difficulty)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obciążający"
},
{
"word": "uciążliwy"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"poor (difficult to cultivate)"
],
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, of land) poor (difficult to cultivate)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of land"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"pregnant, with child"
],
"links": [
[
"pregnant",
"pregnant"
],
[
"with child",
"with child"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, of a woman) pregnant, with child"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a woman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "w ciąży"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1528, J. Murmelius, Dictionarius, page 15:",
"text": "gravis Schwer Cyęſky",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy; Further details are uncertain."
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) heavy; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛw̃ʂ.ki/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛnʂ.ki/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛ̃ʂ.ki/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛw̃ʂki"
},
{
"homophone": "Ciężki"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "ciężki"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciężki meaning in Polish (11.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: derived adverb ciężko",
"path": [
"ciężki"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciężki",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
"path": [
"ciężki"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciężki",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.