See caverna on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for caverna meaning in All languages combined (16.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "caverna"
},
"expansion": "Latin caverna",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin caverna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cavernes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "caverna f (plural cavernes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cavern"
],
"id": "en-caverna-ca-noun-SjQYX5rX",
"links": [
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cavernós"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "caverna"
},
"expansion": "Latin caverna",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin caverna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caverne",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "caverna f (plural caverne)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧vèr‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cave, cavern"
],
"id": "en-caverna-it-noun--L6g3CXu",
"links": [
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cavernoso"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛr.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrna"
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "cavernātim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "cavernō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "cavernōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "cavernula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "caverna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: caverna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: caverna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "caverna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: caverna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: caverna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "caverna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: caverna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: caverna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "caverne",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: caverne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: caverne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "caverne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: caverne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: caverne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "caverne"
},
"expansion": "French: caverne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: caverne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "caverne",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: caverne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: caverne"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cavern"
},
"expansion": "English: cavern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cavern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "caverna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: caverna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: caverna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cavernă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: cavernă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: cavernă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "каве́рна",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: каве́рна (kavérna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: каве́рна (kavérna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "caverna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: caverna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: caverna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cavus",
"3": "",
"4": "hollow, excavated, concave"
},
"expansion": "cavus (“hollow, excavated, concave”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From cavus (“hollow, excavated, concave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cavernae",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caverna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caverna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caverna<1>"
},
"expansion": "caverna f (genitive cavernae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caverna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cavum aedium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cavus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cavātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cavō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cavōsitās"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "la:Nature",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 36 32",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "la:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole",
"a vault, chamber, cleft of heaven"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-caverna-la-noun-EmQZBIQW",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"vault",
"vault"
],
[
"chamber",
"chamber"
],
[
"cleft",
"cleft"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "la:Nature",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 36 32",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "la:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole",
"a hold (cargo compartment of a ship)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-caverna-la-noun-8kH8Nr2I",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"cargo",
"cargo#English"
],
[
"compartment",
"compartment#English"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "la:Nature",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 36 32",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "la:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Chalybian ores hiss in the caverns, and from the furnace mouths puff the hot-panting fires",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 8.420",
"text": "striduntque cauernis / stricturae Chalybum et fornacibus ignis anhelat"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-caverna-la-noun-o3gAoFXO",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈu̯er.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[käˈu̯ɛrnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈver.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[käˈvɛrnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "caverna-mestra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cavername"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cavernoso"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "caverna"
},
"expansion": "Latin caverna",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin caverna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cavernas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "caverna f (plural cavernas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧ver‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cave"
],
"id": "en-caverna-pt-noun-uJoZnqgb",
"links": [
[
"cave",
"cave"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "pt:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rib (part of a ship’s framework)"
],
"id": "en-caverna-pt-noun--F9Sc8z4",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"rib",
"rib"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) rib (part of a ship’s framework)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "costela"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛʁ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈvɛɦ.nɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛʁ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈvɛɦ.nɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛʁ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛɻ.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈvɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈvɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈbɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɐˈβɛɾ.nɐ]",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "antro"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "cova"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "covil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "furna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "gruta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "itaoca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "lapa"
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "caverna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧ver‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 12 60 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cavernar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of cavernar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-caverna-pt-verb-wU20yr8j",
"links": [
[
"cavernar",
"cavernar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of cavernar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cavernar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of cavernar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-caverna-pt-verb-CNRz2cps",
"links": [
[
"cavernar",
"cavernar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of cavernar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛʁ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈvɛɦ.nɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛʁ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈvɛɦ.nɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛʁ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛɻ.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈvɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈvɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈbɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɐˈβɛɾ.nɐ]",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "caverna f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cavernă"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite nominative/accusative singular of cavernă"
],
"id": "en-caverna-ro-noun-kWih9~1J",
"links": [
[
"cavernă",
"cavernă#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "caverna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin caverna",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "caverna"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin caverna",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cavern"
},
"expansion": "English cavern",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin caverna. Cognate with English cavern.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cavernas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "caverna f (plural cavernas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧ver‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "es:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "es:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cavern"
],
"id": "en-caverna-es-noun-SjQYX5rX",
"links": [
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cavernoso"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈbeɾna/"
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈβ̞eɾ.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɾna"
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "caverna"
},
"expansion": "Latin caverna",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin caverna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cavernes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "caverna f (plural cavernes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cavernós"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"cavern"
],
"links": [
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "caverna"
},
"expansion": "Latin caverna",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin caverna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caverne",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "caverna f (plural caverne)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧vèr‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cavernoso"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 3-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian undefined derivations",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛrna",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛrna/3 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"cave, cavern"
],
"links": [
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛr.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrna"
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for quotations in Latin",
"la:Nature",
"la:Ship parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "cavernātim"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "cavernō"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "cavernōsus"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "cavernula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "caverna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: caverna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: caverna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "caverna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: caverna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: caverna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "caverna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: caverna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: caverna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "caverne",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: caverne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: caverne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "caverne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: caverne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: caverne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "caverne"
},
"expansion": "French: caverne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: caverne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "caverne",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: caverne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: caverne"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cavern"
},
"expansion": "English: cavern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cavern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "caverna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: caverna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: caverna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cavernă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: cavernă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: cavernă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "каве́рна",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: каве́рна (kavérna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: каве́рна (kavérna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "caverna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: caverna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: caverna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cavus",
"3": "",
"4": "hollow, excavated, concave"
},
"expansion": "cavus (“hollow, excavated, concave”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From cavus (“hollow, excavated, concave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cavernae",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caverna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caverna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caverna<1>"
},
"expansion": "caverna f (genitive cavernae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caverna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cavum aedium"
},
{
"word": "cavus"
},
{
"word": "cavātus"
},
{
"word": "cavō"
},
{
"word": "cavōsitās"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole",
"a vault, chamber, cleft of heaven"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"vault",
"vault"
],
[
"chamber",
"chamber"
],
[
"cleft",
"cleft"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole",
"a hold (cargo compartment of a ship)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"cargo",
"cargo#English"
],
[
"compartment",
"compartment#English"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Chalybian ores hiss in the caverns, and from the furnace mouths puff the hot-panting fires",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 8.420",
"text": "striduntque cauernis / stricturae Chalybum et fornacibus ignis anhelat"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈu̯er.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[käˈu̯ɛrnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈver.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[käˈvɛrnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "caverna-mestra"
},
{
"word": "cavername"
},
{
"word": "cavernoso"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "caverna"
},
"expansion": "Latin caverna",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin caverna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cavernas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "caverna f (plural cavernas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧ver‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cave"
],
"links": [
[
"cave",
"cave"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pt:Ship parts"
],
"glosses": [
"rib (part of a ship’s framework)"
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"rib",
"rib"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) rib (part of a ship’s framework)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "costela"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛʁ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈvɛɦ.nɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛʁ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈvɛɦ.nɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛʁ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛɻ.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈvɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈvɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈbɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɐˈβɛɾ.nɐ]",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "antro"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "cova"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "covil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "furna"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "gruta"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "itaoca"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:caverna",
"word": "lapa"
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "caverna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧ver‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cavernar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of cavernar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"cavernar",
"cavernar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of cavernar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cavernar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of cavernar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"cavernar",
"cavernar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of cavernar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛʁ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈvɛɦ.nɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛʁ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈvɛɦ.nɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛʁ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈvɛɻ.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈvɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈvɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈbɛɾ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɐˈβɛɾ.nɐ]",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "caverna f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian non-lemma forms",
"Romanian noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cavernă"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite nominative/accusative singular of cavernă"
],
"links": [
[
"cavernă",
"cavernă#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "caverna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin caverna",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "caverna"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin caverna",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cavern"
},
"expansion": "English cavern",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin caverna. Cognate with English cavern.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cavernas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "caverna f (plural cavernas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧ver‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cavernoso"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/eɾna",
"Rhymes:Spanish/eɾna/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"es:Geography",
"es:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"cavern"
],
"links": [
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈbeɾna/"
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈβ̞eɾ.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɾna"
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"caverna"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "caverna",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, caverna/Latin",
"path": [
"caverna"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "caverna",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.