See caverna in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "cavernātim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "cavernō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "cavernōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "cavernula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverna"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverna"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverna"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "caverne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "cavern"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverne"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "caverne"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverne"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverna"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cavernă"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kavérna",
"word": "каве́рна"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverna"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From cavus (“hollow, excavated, concave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cavernae",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caverna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caverna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caverna<1>"
},
"expansion": "caverna f (genitive cavernae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caverna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cavātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cavō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cavōsitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cavum aedium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cavus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "la:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Chalybian ores hiss in the caverns, and from the furnace mouths puff the hot-panting fires",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 8.420",
"text": "striduntque cauernis / stricturae Chalybum et fornacibus ignis anhelat",
"translation": "Chalybian ores hiss in the caverns, and from the furnace mouths puff the hot-panting fires"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-caverna-la-noun-o3gAoFXO",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "la:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole",
"a vault, chamber, cleft of heaven"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-caverna-la-noun-EmQZBIQW",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"vault",
"vault"
],
[
"chamber",
"chamber"
],
[
"cleft",
"cleft"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "la:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 39 20",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "la:Ship parts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole",
"a hold (cargo compartment of a ship)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-caverna-la-noun-8kH8Nr2I",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"cargo",
"cargo#English"
],
[
"compartment",
"compartment#English"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "la:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Crispa, however, practises them all with one body: she masturbates, fellates, and is worked at either hole, lest she should die in vain leaving anything untried.",
"ref": "c. 310 CE – c. 394 CE, Ausonius, Epigrams 79 Subscriptum Picturae Mulieris impudicae",
"text": "Crispa tamen cunctas exercet corpore in uno: deglubit, fellat, molitur per utramque cavernam, ne quid inexpertum frustra moritura relinquat.",
"translation": "Crispa, however, practises them all with one body: she masturbates, fellates, and is worked at either hole, lest she should die in vain leaving anything untried."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole",
"bodily orifice"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-caverna-la-noun-pfhouodX",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"bodily",
"bodily"
],
[
"orifice",
"orifice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole",
"(vulgar, euphemistic) bodily orifice"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"euphemistic",
"feminine",
"vulgar"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwɛr.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈvɛr.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for quotations in Latin",
"la:Nature",
"la:Ship parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "cavernātim"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "cavernō"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "cavernōsus"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "cavernula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverna"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverna"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverna"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "caverne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "cavern"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverne"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "caverne"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverne"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverna"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cavernă"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kavérna",
"word": "каве́рна"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "caverna"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From cavus (“hollow, excavated, concave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cavernae",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caverna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caverna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cavernae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caverna<1>"
},
"expansion": "caverna f (genitive cavernae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caverna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cavātus"
},
{
"word": "cavō"
},
{
"word": "cavōsitās"
},
{
"word": "cavum aedium"
},
{
"word": "cavus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Chalybian ores hiss in the caverns, and from the furnace mouths puff the hot-panting fires",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 8.420",
"text": "striduntque cauernis / stricturae Chalybum et fornacibus ignis anhelat",
"translation": "Chalybian ores hiss in the caverns, and from the furnace mouths puff the hot-panting fires"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole",
"a vault, chamber, cleft of heaven"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"vault",
"vault"
],
[
"chamber",
"chamber"
],
[
"cleft",
"cleft"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole",
"a hold (cargo compartment of a ship)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"cargo",
"cargo#English"
],
[
"compartment",
"compartment#English"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin euphemisms",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin vulgarities"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Crispa, however, practises them all with one body: she masturbates, fellates, and is worked at either hole, lest she should die in vain leaving anything untried.",
"ref": "c. 310 CE – c. 394 CE, Ausonius, Epigrams 79 Subscriptum Picturae Mulieris impudicae",
"text": "Crispa tamen cunctas exercet corpore in uno: deglubit, fellat, molitur per utramque cavernam, ne quid inexpertum frustra moritura relinquat.",
"translation": "Crispa, however, practises them all with one body: she masturbates, fellates, and is worked at either hole, lest she should die in vain leaving anything untried."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole",
"bodily orifice"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"cavern",
"cavern"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"bodily",
"bodily"
],
[
"orifice",
"orifice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern, grotto, hole",
"(vulgar, euphemistic) bodily orifice"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"euphemistic",
"feminine",
"vulgar"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwɛr.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaˈvɛr.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caverna"
}
Download raw JSONL data for caverna meaning in Latin (6.0kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''a hollow, cavity, cave, cavern'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"caverna"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "caverna",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, caverna/Latin",
"path": [
"caverna"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "caverna",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.