See blackbird on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for blackbird meaning in All languages combined (26.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "blackbirder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "blackbirding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Blackbird Leys"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skunk blackbird"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Michaelmas blackbird"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "blakebird"
},
"expansion": "Middle English blakebird",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "blacbrid",
"t": "ouzel; Eurasian blackbird"
},
"expansion": "blacbrid (“ouzel; Eurasian blackbird”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": "bird"
},
"expansion": "black + bird",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English blakebird, blacbrid (“ouzel; Eurasian blackbird”), equivalent to black + bird.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blackbirds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "blackbird (plural blackbirds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 39 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English karmadharaya compounds",
"parents": [
"Karmadharaya compounds",
"Tatpurusa compounds",
"Compound terms",
"Terms by etymology"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 44 10 8",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Thrushes",
"orig": "en:Thrushes",
"parents": [
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "52 41 6",
"sense": "Turdus",
"taxonomic": "Turdus boulboul",
"word": "grey-winged blackbird"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 41 6",
"sense": "Turdus",
"taxonomic": "Turdus albocinctus",
"word": "white-collared blackbird"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 41 6",
"sense": "Turdus",
"taxonomic": "Turdus simillimus",
"word": "Indian blackbird"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 41 6",
"sense": "Turdus",
"taxonomic": "Turdus maximus",
"word": "Tibetan blackbird"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A common true thrush, Turdus merula, found in woods and gardens over much of Eurasia, and introduced elsewhere."
],
"id": "en-blackbird-en-noun-CymB0pau",
"links": [
[
"true thrush",
"true thrush"
],
[
"Turdus merula",
"Turdus merula#Translingual"
],
[
"Eurasia",
"Eurasia"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "63 32 5",
"sense": "Turdus merula",
"word": "common blackbird"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 32 5",
"sense": "Turdus merula",
"word": "Eurasian blackbird"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 32 5",
"sense": "Turdus merula",
"word": "merle"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 32 5",
"sense": "Turdus merula",
"word": "merl"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 32 5",
"sense": "Turdus merula",
"word": "ouzel"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mëllenjë"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mëllenjë thumbverdhë"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mullizezë"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "qukël"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "qofkë"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šuḥrūr",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "شُحْرُور"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sew keṙnex",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "սև կեռնեխ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mošahav",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "մոշահավ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "njerlã"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ñerbatu"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "tordu negru"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "zozo"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "drozd",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дрозд"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "moualc’h zu"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kos",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кос"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "kos",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кос"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "merla"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tord negre"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "csm",
"lang": "Central Sierra Miwok",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "čápuk·ati-"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "ˀärža ḥʳoza",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "ӏаьржа хьоза"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "山鳥"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shānniǎo",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "山鸟"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "烏鶇"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wūdōng",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "乌鸫"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kos"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kos černý"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "miarla"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "solsort"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "merel"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "merlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "musträstas"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kvørkveggja"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "mustarastas"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "merle"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "merlesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "Louisiana French",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "tchoc"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mierli"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "melro"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "merlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šašvi",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "შაშვი"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Amsel"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwarzdrossel"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kótsyfas",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κότσυφας"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kóssuphos",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κόσσυφος"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shakharúr",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שחרור"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "fekete rigó"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svartþröstur"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "merlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lon dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "céirseach"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "merlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kuroutadori",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "黒歌鳥"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "daeryukgeomeunjippagwi",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "대륙검은지빠귀"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "qaratawuq",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "къаратавукъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "reşîşe",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "ڕەشیشە"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "merlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "merula"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "melnais meža strazds"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "juodasis strazdas"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Märel"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kos",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кос"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malvizz iswed"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malvizz tat-troffa"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "sopsyreŋge",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "сопсыреҥге"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "šemlogo",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "шемлого"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "nah",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "caxtīllān tliltic tōtōtl"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mêle"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mêlerêsse"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svarttrost"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "svarttrast"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "svarttrost"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mèrle"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ōsle"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kara tavuk",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "قره طاوق"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "pdc",
"lang": "Pennsylvania German",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "Schwatzvoggel"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spree"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Aumsel"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kos"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kos zwyczajny"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "melro"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "rgn",
"lang": "Romagnol",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "méral (Faenza)"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mierlă"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "merlotscha"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čórnyj drozd",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чёрный дрозд"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "smj",
"lang": "Lule Sami",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "tjáhppisrástes"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "čáhppesrásttis"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "picchiaranzu"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "mérula"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "meurra"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "blackie"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lon"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "gd",
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"word": "lon dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
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{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
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},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
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"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
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],
"word": "drozd čierny"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "sl",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kos"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "dsb",
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},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "hsb",
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"code": "es",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "mirlo"
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"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
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"common-gender"
],
"word": "koltrast"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "tiw",
"lang": "Tiwi",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "arlitaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "karatavuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "udi",
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"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "ч́ач́и"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čórnyj drizd",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "чо́рний дрізд"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "hạch thước điẻu"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "merul"
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{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
"code": "cy",
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"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
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"plural"
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"word": "mwyeilch"
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{
"_dis1": "59 36 5",
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"word": "adar du"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"ref": "2000, Kate Fortune, Brij V. Lal, The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia – Volume 1, University of Hawaiʻi, page 208",
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"sense": "Agelaius",
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{
"sense": "Agelaius",
"taxonomic": "Agelaius xanthomus",
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{
"sense": "Agelasticus",
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{
"sense": "Agelasticus",
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{
"sense": "Agelasticus",
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"sense": "New World blackbird",
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"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "blacbrid",
"t": "ouzel; Eurasian blackbird"
},
"expansion": "blacbrid (“ouzel; Eurasian blackbird”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": "bird"
},
"expansion": "black + bird",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English blakebird, blacbrid (“ouzel; Eurasian blackbird”), equivalent to black + bird.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blackbirds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "blackbird (plural blackbirds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A common true thrush, Turdus merula, found in woods and gardens over much of Eurasia, and introduced elsewhere."
],
"links": [
[
"true thrush",
"true thrush"
],
[
"Turdus merula",
"Turdus merula#Translingual"
],
[
"Eurasia",
"Eurasia"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A variety of New World birds of the family Icteridae (26 species of icterid bird)."
],
"links": [
[
"New World",
"New World"
],
[
"Icteridae",
"Icteridae#Translingual"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"icterid",
"icterid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English slang",
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A native of the South Pacific islands."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"native",
"native"
]
],
"qualifier": "among slavers and pirates",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, derogatory, historical, among slavers and pirates) A native of the South Pacific islands."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈblakbəːd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈblækˌbɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækbə(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-blackbird.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-blackbird.ogg/En-us-blackbird.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-blackbird.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "Turdus merula",
"word": "common blackbird"
},
{
"sense": "Turdus merula",
"word": "Eurasian blackbird"
},
{
"sense": "Turdus merula",
"word": "merle"
},
{
"sense": "Turdus merula",
"word": "merl"
},
{
"sense": "Turdus merula",
"word": "ouzel"
},
{
"sense": "Icteridae",
"word": "icterid"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mëllenjë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mëllenjë thumbverdhë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mullizezë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "qukël"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "qofkë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šuḥrūr",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "شُحْرُور"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sew keṙnex",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "սև կեռնեխ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mošahav",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "մոշահավ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "njerlã"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ñerbatu"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "tordu negru"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "zozo"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "drozd",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дрозд"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "moualc’h zu"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kos",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кос"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "kos",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кос"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "merla"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tord negre"
},
{
"code": "csm",
"lang": "Central Sierra Miwok",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "čápuk·ati-"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "ˀärža ḥʳoza",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "ӏаьржа хьоза"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "山鳥"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shānniǎo",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "山鸟"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "烏鶇"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wūdōng",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "乌鸫"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kos"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kos černý"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "miarla"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "solsort"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "merel"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "merlo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "musträstas"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kvørkveggja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "mustarastas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "merle"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "merlesse"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "Louisiana French",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "tchoc"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mierli"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "melro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "merlo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šašvi",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "შაშვი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Amsel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwarzdrossel"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kótsyfas",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κότσυφας"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kóssuphos",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κόσσυφος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shakharúr",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שחרור"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "fekete rigó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svartþröstur"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "merlo"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lon dubh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "céirseach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "merlo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kuroutadori",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "黒歌鳥"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "daeryukgeomeunjippagwi",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "대륙검은지빠귀"
},
{
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "qaratawuq",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "къаратавукъ"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "reşîşe",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "ڕەشیشە"
},
{
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "merlo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "merula"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "melnais meža strazds"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "juodasis strazdas"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Märel"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kos",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кос"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malvizz iswed"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malvizz tat-troffa"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "sopsyreŋge",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "сопсыреҥге"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "šemlogo",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "шемлого"
},
{
"code": "nah",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "caxtīllān tliltic tōtōtl"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mêle"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mêlerêsse"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svarttrost"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "svarttrast"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "svarttrost"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mèrle"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ōsle"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kara tavuk",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "قره طاوق"
},
{
"code": "pdc",
"lang": "Pennsylvania German",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "Schwatzvoggel"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spree"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Aumsel"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kos"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kos zwyczajny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "melro"
},
{
"code": "rgn",
"lang": "Romagnol",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "méral (Faenza)"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mierlă"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "merlotscha"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čórnyj drozd",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чёрный дрозд"
},
{
"code": "smj",
"lang": "Lule Sami",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "tjáhppisrástes"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "čáhppesrásttis"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "picchiaranzu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "mérula"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "meurra"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "blackie"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lon"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lon dubh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кос"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kos"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drozd čierny"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kos"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kós"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kós"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mirlo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "koltrast"
},
{
"code": "tiw",
"lang": "Tiwi",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "arlitaka"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "karatavuk"
},
{
"code": "udi",
"lang": "Udi",
"roman": "č́ač́i",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "ч́ач́и"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čórnyj drizd",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чо́рний дрізд"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "hạch thước điẻu"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"word": "merul"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "mwyeilch"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "adar du"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "Turdus merula: blackbird",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "swarte lyster"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bird of the family Icteridae",
"word": "黑鸝"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hēilí",
"sense": "bird of the family Icteridae",
"word": "黑鹂"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "bird of the family Icteridae",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "troepiaal"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bird of the family Icteridae",
"word": "turpiaali"
},
{
"code": "nnt",
"lang": "Nanticoke",
"sense": "bird of the family Icteridae",
"word": "husquinock"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trupial",
"sense": "bird of the family Icteridae",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трупиал"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kassik",
"sense": "bird of the family Icteridae",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кассик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "želtušnik",
"sense": "bird of the family Icteridae",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "желтушник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "amerikanskaja ivolga",
"sense": "bird of the family Icteridae",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "американская иволга"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird of the family Icteridae",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "turpial"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird of the family Icteridae",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "soldadito"
}
],
"word": "blackbird"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjective-noun compound nouns",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English karmadharaya compounds",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Requests for gender in Breton entries",
"Requests for gender in Ladin entries",
"Requests for gender in Latvian entries",
"Requests for gender in Lithuanian entries",
"Requests for gender in Sardinian entries",
"Rhymes:English/ækbə(ɹ)d",
"Rhymes:English/ækbə(ɹ)d/2 syllables",
"en:Icterids",
"en:Thrushes"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "ictericus"
},
{
"word": "merula"
},
{
"word": "merulus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "blakebird"
},
"expansion": "Middle English blakebird",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "blacbrid",
"t": "ouzel; Eurasian blackbird"
},
"expansion": "blacbrid (“ouzel; Eurasian blackbird”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": "bird"
},
"expansion": "black + bird",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English blakebird, blacbrid (“ouzel; Eurasian blackbird”), equivalent to black + bird.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blackbirds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "blackbirding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "blackbirded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "blackbirded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "blackbird (third-person singular simple present blackbirds, present participle blackbirding, simple past and past participle blackbirded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "2005, Wal F. Bird, Me No Go Mally Bulla: Recruiting and Blackbirding in the Queensland Labour Trade 1863–1906, Ginninderra Press, →ISBN, →ISBN:",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Kate Fortune, Brij V. Lal, The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia – Volume 1, University of Hawaiʻi, page 208",
"text": "At the same time, island communities — especially in coastal areas, where the effect of population loss was often enormous — sometimes retaliated against blackbirding raids.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enslave someone, especially through chicanery or force"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈblakbəːd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈblækˌbɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækbə(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-blackbird.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-blackbird.ogg/En-us-blackbird.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-blackbird.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "blackbird"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Welsh: 'adar du', originally 'adar du m pl'",
"path": [
"blackbird"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "blackbird",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.