See bestial on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bestial meaning in All languages combined (24.5kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bestial",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "Old French bestial",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia",
"4": "",
"5": "beast"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia (“beast”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beast"
},
"expansion": "beast",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bestial, from Old French bestial, from Late Latin bēstiālis, from Latin bēstia (“beast”) (whence English beast).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more bestial",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most bestial",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial (comparative more bestial, superlative most bestial)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bestiality"
},
{
"word": "bestialize"
},
{
"word": "bestialization"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900 April, Willa Cather, “Eric Hermannson's Soul”, in Cosmopolitan",
"text": "His was a bestial face, a face that bore the stamp of Nature's eternal injustice.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 December 31, Matteo Wong, “Hollywood’s Love Affair With Fictional Languages”, in The Atlantic",
"text": "The Game of Thrones novels were best sellers without fleshed-out Dothraki; the languages in Star Wars, one of the most successful franchises ever, are mostly gibberish, even if Han Solo claims to understand Chewbacca’s bestial warbling.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Beast-like"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "faunal"
}
],
"id": "en-bestial-en-adj-feMKjFX1",
"links": [
[
"Beast",
"beast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally and figuratively) Beast-like"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "beast"
},
{
"word": "bestiary"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beastly"
},
{
"word": "animalian"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literally"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "paśbik",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "পাশবিক"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "haẏōẇani",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "হায়ওয়ানী"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "životinski",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "животински"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zverski",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "зверски"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestialsk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "dyrisk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "eläimellinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "petomainen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestial"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "tierisch"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "thēriṓdēs",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "θηριώδης"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "belluino"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bēluālis"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bēluīnus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bēluus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "dzīvniecisks"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestial"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestialsk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestialsk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestialski"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "bestialny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestial"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestial"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "animalic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skótskij",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "ско́тский"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "brùideil"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestial"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "animalesco"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "wäxşi",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "вәхши"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛs.ti.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛs.t͡ʃəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbis.t͡ʃəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bestial.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bestial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bestial.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bestial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bestial.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco-smi",
"3": "bestiall"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots bestiall",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bestaile"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bestaile",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bestaille"
},
"expansion": "Old French bestaille",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "Middle French bestial",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Scots bestiall, from Middle English bestaile, from Old French bestaille, from Late Latin bēstiālia; later reinforced and remodelled on Middle French bestial, itself from Late Latin bēstiālis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p"
},
"expansion": "bestial pl (plural only)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pluralia tantum",
"parents": [
"Pluralia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, The New Statistical Account of Scotland: Forfar, Kincardine, page 94",
"text": "[…] much must depend upon the way in which bestial are bought or reared, and the state of the markets when they are sold.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cattle."
],
"id": "en-bestial-en-noun-en:cattle",
"links": [
[
"Cattle",
"cattle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, obsolete) Cattle."
],
"senseid": [
"en:cattle"
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia",
"4": "",
"5": "beast"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia (“beast”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis, from Latin bēstia (“beast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bestiale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiaux",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial (feminine bestiale, masculine plural bestiaux, feminine plural bestiales)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bestial"
],
"id": "en-bestial-fr-adj-9foEBZVD",
"links": [
[
"bestial",
"bestial#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "bête"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɛs.tjal/"
},
{
"homophone": "bestiale"
},
{
"homophone": "bestiales"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal-bestial.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-bestial.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-bestial.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-bestial.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-bestial.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia",
"4": "",
"5": "beast"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia (“beast”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis, from Latin bēstia (“beast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bestiais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial m or f (plural bestiais)",
"name": "gl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bestia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bestialidade"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 13 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beastly"
],
"id": "en-bestial-gl-adj-1R1LoBmj",
"links": [
[
"beastly",
"beastly"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 13 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"massive, huge, giant"
],
"id": "en-bestial-gl-adj-cYBx5pLT",
"links": [
[
"massive",
"massive"
],
[
"huge",
"huge"
],
[
"giant",
"giant"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 13 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tremendous, fantastic, awesome"
],
"id": "en-bestial-gl-adj-hfRt7iYi",
"links": [
[
"tremendous",
"tremendous"
],
[
"fantastic",
"fantastic"
],
[
"awesome",
"awesome"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bestially"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "English: bestial",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bestial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "Old French bestial",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French bestial, from Late Latin bēstiālis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bestial",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 29 12 0",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animals",
"orig": "enm:Animals",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"animal (of or pertaining to animals)"
],
"id": "en-bestial-enm-adj-IG0eu6zY",
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 52 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 57 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"physical; non-spiritual (of faculties, knowledge, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-bestial-enm-adj-PBD8YaKK",
"links": [
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"non-",
"non-"
],
[
"spiritual",
"spiritual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beastly, depraved (lacking human sensibility)"
],
"id": "en-bestial-enm-adj-Iy52Z~Xn",
"links": [
[
"beastly",
"beastly"
],
[
"depraved",
"depraved"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid, unlearned"
],
"id": "en-bestial-enm-adj-~emho4hE",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
],
[
"unlearned",
"unlearned"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɛstiˈaːl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛstial/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛːstial/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "all senses",
"word": "beestly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "beestial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "beestyal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bestiall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bestialle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bestyal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bestyall"
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "English: bestial",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bestial"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "French: bestial",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: bestial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First known attestation circa 1190, borrowed from Latin bēstiālis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bestiale",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "bestiale",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bestial m (oblique and nominative feminine singular bestiale)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial m (oblique and nominative feminine singular bestiale)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bestial (of or relating to a beast)"
],
"id": "en-bestial-fro-adj-A17bjoDh",
"links": [
[
"bestial",
"bestial#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "beste"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia",
"4": "",
"5": "beast"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia (“beast”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis, from Latin bēstia (“beast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bestiais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial m or f (plural bestiais)",
"name": "pt-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bes‧ti‧al"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "besta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bestalidade"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bestial; brutish"
],
"id": "en-bestial-pt-adj-perbR2E7",
"links": [
[
"bestial",
"bestial#English"
],
[
"brutish",
"brutish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 49 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beastly"
],
"id": "en-bestial-pt-adj-1R1LoBmj",
"links": [
[
"beastly",
"beastly"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"cool"
],
"id": "en-bestial-pt-adj-w0BFwaHb",
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) cool"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bes.t͡ʃiˈaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bes.t͡ʃɪˈaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/besˈt͡ʃjaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[besˈt͡ʃjaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bes.t͡ʃiˈaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bes.t͡ʃɪˈaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/besˈt͡ʃjaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[besˈt͡ʃjaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/beʃ.t͡ʃiˈaw/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[beʃ.t͡ʃɪˈaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/beʃˈt͡ʃjaw/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[beʃˈt͡ʃjaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨʃˈtjal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bɨʃˈtjaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨʃˈtjal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bɨʃˈtjaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨʃˈtja.li/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aw"
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bestial",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French bestial",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French bestial",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia",
"4": "",
"5": "beast"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia (“beast”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "bestie",
"3": "-al"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, bestie + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bestial, Late Latin bēstiālis, from Latin bēstia (“beast”). By surface analysis, bestie + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bestială",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiali",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiale",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-adj-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bestial",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestială",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestial",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "4"
},
"expansion": "bestial m or n (feminine singular bestială, masculine plural bestiali, feminine and neuter plural bestiale)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bestial",
"10": "bestialei",
"11": "bestialelor",
"12": "bestialilor",
"2": "bestială",
"3": "bestiali",
"4": "bestiale",
"5": "bestialul",
"6": "bestiala",
"7": "bestialii",
"8": "bestialele",
"9": "bestialului"
},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bestialitate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bestie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bestial, animal"
],
"id": "en-bestial-ro-adj-~-RrCy4a",
"links": [
[
"bestial",
"bestial#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cool"
],
"id": "en-bestial-ro-adj-w0BFwaHb",
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) cool"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bes.tiˈal]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "animalic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "feroce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fioros"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sălbatic"
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bestialmente"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia",
"4": "",
"5": "beast"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia (“beast”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis, from Latin bēstia (“beast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bestiales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial m or f (masculine and feminine plural bestiales)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bes‧tial"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bestia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bestialidad"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 12 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beastly"
],
"id": "en-bestial-es-adj-1R1LoBmj",
"links": [
[
"beastly",
"beastly"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 12 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"massive, huge, giant"
],
"id": "en-bestial-es-adj-cYBx5pLT",
"links": [
[
"massive",
"massive"
],
[
"huge",
"huge"
],
[
"giant",
"giant"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 12 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tremendous, fantastic, awesome"
],
"id": "en-bestial-es-adj-hfRt7iYi",
"links": [
[
"tremendous",
"tremendous"
],
[
"fantastic",
"fantastic"
],
[
"awesome",
"awesome"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/besˈtjal/"
},
{
"ipa": "[besˈt̪jal]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English pluralia tantum",
"English terms borrowed from Middle Scots",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Middle Scots",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bestiality"
},
{
"word": "bestialize"
},
{
"word": "bestialization"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bestial",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "Old French bestial",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia",
"4": "",
"5": "beast"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia (“beast”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beast"
},
"expansion": "beast",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bestial, from Old French bestial, from Late Latin bēstiālis, from Latin bēstia (“beast”) (whence English beast).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more bestial",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most bestial",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial (comparative more bestial, superlative most bestial)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "faunal"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "beast"
},
{
"word": "bestiary"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900 April, Willa Cather, “Eric Hermannson's Soul”, in Cosmopolitan",
"text": "His was a bestial face, a face that bore the stamp of Nature's eternal injustice.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 December 31, Matteo Wong, “Hollywood’s Love Affair With Fictional Languages”, in The Atlantic",
"text": "The Game of Thrones novels were best sellers without fleshed-out Dothraki; the languages in Star Wars, one of the most successful franchises ever, are mostly gibberish, even if Han Solo claims to understand Chewbacca’s bestial warbling.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Beast-like"
],
"links": [
[
"Beast",
"beast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally and figuratively) Beast-like"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛs.ti.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛs.t͡ʃəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbis.t͡ʃəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bestial.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bestial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bestial.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bestial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bestial.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beastly"
},
{
"word": "animalian"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "paśbik",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "পাশবিক"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "haẏōẇani",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "হায়ওয়ানী"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "životinski",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "животински"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zverski",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "зверски"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestialsk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "dyrisk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "eläimellinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "petomainen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestial"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "tierisch"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "thēriṓdēs",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "θηριώδης"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "belluino"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bēluālis"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bēluīnus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bēluus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "dzīvniecisks"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestial"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestialsk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestialsk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestialski"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "bestialny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestial"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestial"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "animalic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skótskij",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "ско́тский"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "brùideil"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "bestial"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "animalesco"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "wäxşi",
"sense": "beast-like",
"word": "вәхши"
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English pluralia tantum",
"English terms borrowed from Middle Scots",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Middle Scots",
"English terms derived from Old French"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco-smi",
"3": "bestiall"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots bestiall",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bestaile"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bestaile",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bestaille"
},
"expansion": "Old French bestaille",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "Middle French bestial",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Scots bestiall, from Middle English bestaile, from Old French bestaille, from Late Latin bēstiālia; later reinforced and remodelled on Middle French bestial, itself from Late Latin bēstiālis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p"
},
"expansion": "bestial pl (plural only)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, The New Statistical Account of Scotland: Forfar, Kincardine, page 94",
"text": "[…] much must depend upon the way in which bestial are bought or reared, and the state of the markets when they are sold.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cattle."
],
"links": [
[
"Cattle",
"cattle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, obsolete) Cattle."
],
"senseid": [
"en:cattle"
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia",
"4": "",
"5": "beast"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia (“beast”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis, from Latin bēstia (“beast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bestiale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiaux",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial (feminine bestiale, masculine plural bestiaux, feminine plural bestiales)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "bête"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French terms with homophones"
],
"glosses": [
"bestial"
],
"links": [
[
"bestial",
"bestial#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɛs.tjal/"
},
{
"homophone": "bestiale"
},
{
"homophone": "bestiales"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal-bestial.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-bestial.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-bestial.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-bestial.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-bestial.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician adjectives",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Late Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Latin"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia",
"4": "",
"5": "beast"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia (“beast”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis, from Latin bēstia (“beast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bestiais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial m or f (plural bestiais)",
"name": "gl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "bestia"
},
{
"word": "bestialidade"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beastly"
],
"links": [
[
"beastly",
"beastly"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"massive, huge, giant"
],
"links": [
[
"massive",
"massive"
],
[
"huge",
"huge"
],
[
"giant",
"giant"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tremendous, fantastic, awesome"
],
"links": [
[
"tremendous",
"tremendous"
],
[
"fantastic",
"fantastic"
],
[
"awesome",
"awesome"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Animals"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bestially"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "English: bestial",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bestial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "Old French bestial",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French bestial, from Late Latin bēstiālis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bestial",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"animal (of or pertaining to animals)"
],
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"physical; non-spiritual (of faculties, knowledge, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"non-",
"non-"
],
[
"spiritual",
"spiritual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beastly, depraved (lacking human sensibility)"
],
"links": [
[
"beastly",
"beastly"
],
[
"depraved",
"depraved"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid, unlearned"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
],
[
"unlearned",
"unlearned"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɛstiˈaːl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛstial/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛːstial/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "all senses",
"word": "beestly"
},
{
"word": "beestial"
},
{
"word": "beestyal"
},
{
"word": "bestiall"
},
{
"word": "bestialle"
},
{
"word": "bestyal"
},
{
"word": "bestyall"
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "English: bestial",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bestial"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "French: bestial",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: bestial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First known attestation circa 1190, borrowed from Latin bēstiālis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bestiale",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "bestiale",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bestial m (oblique and nominative feminine singular bestiale)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial m (oblique and nominative feminine singular bestiale)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "beste"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms borrowed from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"bestial (of or relating to a beast)"
],
"links": [
[
"bestial",
"bestial#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese adjectives",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Late Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/al",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/al/3 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/aw",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/aw/3 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia",
"4": "",
"5": "beast"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia (“beast”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis, from Latin bēstia (“beast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bestiais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial m or f (plural bestiais)",
"name": "pt-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bes‧ti‧al"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "besta"
},
{
"word": "bestalidade"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bestial; brutish"
],
"links": [
[
"bestial",
"bestial#English"
],
[
"brutish",
"brutish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beastly"
],
"links": [
[
"beastly",
"beastly"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese informal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"cool"
],
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) cool"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bes.t͡ʃiˈaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bes.t͡ʃɪˈaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/besˈt͡ʃjaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[besˈt͡ʃjaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bes.t͡ʃiˈaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bes.t͡ʃɪˈaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/besˈt͡ʃjaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[besˈt͡ʃjaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/beʃ.t͡ʃiˈaw/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[beʃ.t͡ʃɪˈaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/beʃˈt͡ʃjaw/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[beʃˈt͡ʃjaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨʃˈtjal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bɨʃˈtjaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨʃˈtjal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bɨʃˈtjaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨʃˈtja.li/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aw"
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"categories": [
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Late Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms suffixed with -al",
"Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bestial",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French bestial",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bestial"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French bestial",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia",
"4": "",
"5": "beast"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia (“beast”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "bestie",
"3": "-al"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, bestie + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bestial, Late Latin bēstiālis, from Latin bēstia (“beast”). By surface analysis, bestie + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bestială",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiali",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiale",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-adj-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bestial",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestială",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestial",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestiale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bestialilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "4"
},
"expansion": "bestial m or n (feminine singular bestială, masculine plural bestiali, feminine and neuter plural bestiale)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bestial",
"10": "bestialei",
"11": "bestialelor",
"12": "bestialilor",
"2": "bestială",
"3": "bestiali",
"4": "bestiale",
"5": "bestialul",
"6": "bestiala",
"7": "bestialii",
"8": "bestialele",
"9": "bestialului"
},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "bestialitate"
},
{
"word": "bestie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bestial, animal"
],
"links": [
[
"bestial",
"bestial#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Romanian informal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"cool"
],
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) cool"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bes.tiˈal]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "animalic"
},
{
"word": "feroce"
},
{
"word": "fioros"
},
{
"word": "sălbatic"
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/al",
"Rhymes:Spanish/al/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish adjectives",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish epicene adjectives",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Late Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bestialmente"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bēstiālis"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia",
"4": "",
"5": "beast"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia (“beast”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin bēstiālis, from Latin bēstia (“beast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bestiales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bestial m or f (masculine and feminine plural bestiales)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bes‧tial"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "bestia"
},
{
"word": "bestialidad"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beastly"
],
"links": [
[
"beastly",
"beastly"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"massive, huge, giant"
],
"links": [
[
"massive",
"massive"
],
[
"huge",
"huge"
],
[
"giant",
"giant"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tremendous, fantastic, awesome"
],
"links": [
[
"tremendous",
"tremendous"
],
[
"fantastic",
"fantastic"
],
[
"awesome",
"awesome"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/besˈtjal/"
},
{
"ipa": "[besˈt̪jal]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "bestial"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.