See Tonkin on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Tonkin meaning in All languages combined (12.8kB)
{
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "Thomas"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From a medieval diminutive form of the given name Thomas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tonkins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "Tonkin (plural Tonkins)",
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],
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{
"categories": [
{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A surname transferred from the given name."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-7rrtY8Fk",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
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]
}
],
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{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "Tonkin"
},
"expansion": "French Tonkin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vi",
"3": "Đông Kinh",
"4": "",
"5": "Hanoi; its former kingdom"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese Đông Kinh (“Hanoi; its former kingdom”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "đông",
"3": "",
"4": "east, eastern"
},
"expansion": "đông (“east, eastern”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "kinh",
"3": "",
"4": "capital"
},
"expansion": "kinh (“capital”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "東"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 東 (tuŋ)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "京"
},
"expansion": "京 (kˠiæŋ)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French Tonkin, from Vietnamese Đông Kinh (“Hanoi; its former kingdom”), from đông (“east, eastern”) + kinh (“capital”), from Middle Chinese 東 (tuŋ) + 京 (kˠiæŋ), q.v.",
"head_templates": [
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{
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{
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"name": "Cities in Vietnam",
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},
{
"kind": "place",
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{
"_dis": "2 22 26 25 21 3",
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"Earth",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-NRflUFXP",
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[
"Hanoi",
"Hanoi#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the capital of Vietnam",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Hanoi"
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],
"tags": [
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
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"name": "Historical polities",
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{
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],
"glosses": [
"A former kingdom in northern Vietnam."
],
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[
"Vietnam",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former kingdom in northern Vietnam."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Dependent territories of France",
"orig": "en:Dependent territories of France",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "2 22 26 25 21 3",
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"Asia",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-jIgclVYP",
"links": [
[
"protectorate",
"protectorate"
],
[
"Vietnam",
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[
"France",
"France#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a gulf in northern Vietnam",
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin"
}
],
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{
"kind": "place",
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{
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"_dis": "27 3 3 3 37 27",
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],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 60 40",
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 60 40",
"word": "Tonkinese"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for Gulf of Tonkin, a gulf in northern Vietnam."
],
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 60 40",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "Tonquin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 60 40",
"word": "Tong-King"
}
],
"tags": [
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},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnamese Civil War",
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin incident"
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"Short for Gulf of Tonkin incident, a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnamese Civil War."
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"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-CKR8MRRg",
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[
"Gulf of Tonkin incident",
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"word": "Tonkin"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "English: Tonkin",
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],
"text": "English: Tonkin"
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{
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{
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"4": "Nanjing"
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],
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "59 41",
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],
"glosses": [
"the northern part of Vietnam, a former French colonial region"
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"id": "en-Tonkin-fr-name-AWb7KxNd",
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[
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[
"former",
"former"
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[
"French",
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[
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[
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"tags": [
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"topics": [
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},
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{
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"_dis": "31 69",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"word": "golfe du Tonkin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"word": "haricot du Tonkin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"word": "Tonkinois"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"word": "tonkinois"
}
],
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"A gulf in northern Vietnam: the Gulf of Tonkin"
],
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],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"word": "Annam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"word": "Cochinchine"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "Tonking"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔ̃.kɛ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-Charpennes-Tonkin.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-Charpennes-Tonkin.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-Charpennes-Tonkin.wav.mp3",
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"text": "Audio"
}
],
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}
{
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"English terms derived from French",
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],
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{
"form": "Tonkins",
"tags": [
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}
],
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{
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],
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],
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]
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],
"word": "Tonkin"
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{
"categories": [
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"en:Vietnam War",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin"
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{
"word": "Tonkinese"
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],
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"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
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"2": "vi",
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"4": "",
"5": "Hanoi; its former kingdom"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "đông",
"3": "",
"4": "east, eastern"
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"expansion": "đông (“east, eastern”)",
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{
"args": {
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"4": "capital"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "東"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 東 (tuŋ)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "京"
},
"expansion": "京 (kˠiæŋ)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French Tonkin, from Vietnamese Đông Kinh (“Hanoi; its former kingdom”), from đông (“east, eastern”) + kinh (“capital”), from Middle Chinese 東 (tuŋ) + 京 (kˠiæŋ), q.v.",
"head_templates": [
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"en:Cities in Vietnam",
"en:National capitals",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanoi",
"Hanoi#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the capital of Vietnam",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Hanoi"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Historical polities",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"A former kingdom in northern Vietnam."
],
"links": [
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former kingdom in northern Vietnam."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Dependent territories of France",
"en:Historical dependent territories",
"en:Places in France",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"links": [
[
"protectorate",
"protectorate"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
],
[
"France",
"France#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a gulf in northern Vietnam",
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin"
}
],
"categories": [
"English short forms",
"en:Gulfs",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for Gulf of Tonkin, a gulf in northern Vietnam."
],
"links": [
[
"Gulf of Tonkin",
"Gulf of Tonkin#English"
],
[
"gulf",
"gulf"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnamese Civil War",
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin incident"
}
],
"categories": [
"English links with redundant alt parameters",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English short forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for Gulf of Tonkin incident, a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnamese Civil War."
],
"links": [
[
"Gulf of Tonkin incident",
"w:Gulf of Tonkin incident"
],
[
"event",
"event"
],
[
"used",
"used"
],
[
"increase",
"increase"
],
[
"US",
"US"
],
[
"involvement",
"involvement"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "Tonquin"
},
{
"word": "Tong-King"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:Tonkin"
],
"word": "Tonkin"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French proper nouns",
"French terms derived from Vietnamese",
"French terms spelled with K",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French undefined derivations",
"fr:History of Asia",
"fr:History of France",
"fr:Seas"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "golfe du Tonkin"
},
{
"word": "haricot du Tonkin"
},
{
"word": "Tonkinois"
},
{
"word": "tonkinois"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Tonkin"
},
"expansion": "English: Tonkin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: Tonkin"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vi",
"3": "Đông Kinh"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese Đông Kinh",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Pékin",
"3": "",
"4": "Beijing"
},
"expansion": "Pékin (“Beijing”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Nankin",
"3": "",
"4": "Nanjing"
},
"expansion": "Nankin (“Nanjing”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vietnamese Đông Kinh, a former name for Hanoi. Also see Pékin (“Beijing”) and Nankin (“Nanjing”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "Tonkin m",
"name": "fr-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"word": "Annam"
},
{
"word": "Cochinchine"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"fr:History"
],
"glosses": [
"the northern part of Vietnam, a former French colonial region"
],
"links": [
[
"history",
"history"
],
[
"northern",
"northern"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam"
],
[
"former",
"former"
],
[
"French",
"French"
],
[
"colonial",
"colonial"
],
[
"region",
"region"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(history) the northern part of Vietnam, a former French colonial region"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fr:Gulfs",
"fr:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"A gulf in northern Vietnam: the Gulf of Tonkin"
],
"links": [
[
"gulf",
"gulf"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔ̃.kɛ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-Charpennes-Tonkin.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-Charpennes-Tonkin.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-Charpennes-Tonkin.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-Charpennes-Tonkin.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-Charpennes-Tonkin.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "Tonking"
}
],
"word": "Tonkin"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.