See Tonkin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From a medieval diminutive form of the given name Thomas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tonkins",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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},
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],
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],
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]
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
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"3": "Tonkin"
},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "東京"
},
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}
],
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "2 23 27 25 21 3",
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},
{
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],
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],
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
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{
"extra": "the capital of Vietnam",
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"synonym-of"
],
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "2 23 27 25 21 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 23 21 20 22 12",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A former kingdom in northern Vietnam."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-7IlJa0iA",
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],
[
"Vietnam",
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former kingdom in northern Vietnam."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Dependent territories of France",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 23 27 25 21 3",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "2 23 21 20 22 12",
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],
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"A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-jIgclVYP",
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"protectorate",
"protectorate"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
],
[
"colony",
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"France",
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"tags": [
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},
{
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{
"extra": "a gulf in northern Vietnam",
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{
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},
{
"kind": "place",
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},
{
"_dis": "9 3 2 2 49 34",
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},
{
"_dis": "12 2 2 2 33 23 3 23",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "2 23 27 25 21 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 23 21 20 22 12",
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 60 40",
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 60 40",
"word": "Tonkinese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 60 40",
"word": "Tonkin pit viper"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for Gulf of Tonkin, a gulf in northern Vietnam."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-FwlS9cF5",
"links": [
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"Gulf of Tonkin#English"
],
[
"gulf",
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[
"Vietnam",
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]
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"tags": [
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},
{
"alt_of": [
{
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}
],
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{
"_dis": "2 23 21 20 22 12",
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],
"glosses": [
"Short for Gulf of Tonkin incident, a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnamese Civil War."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-CKR8MRRg",
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{
"categories": [
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"en:France",
"en:Seas",
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],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From a medieval diminutive form of the given name Thomas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tonkins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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"A surname transferred from the given name."
],
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]
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],
"word": "Tonkin"
}
{
"categories": [
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{
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin"
},
{
"word": "Tonkinese"
},
{
"word": "Tonkin pit viper"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "fr",
"3": "Tonkin"
},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From French Tonkin, from Vietnamese Đông Kinh (“Hanoi; its former kingdom”), from đông (“east, eastern”) + kinh (“capital”), from Middle Chinese 東京 (tuwng kjaeng), q.v.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tonquin",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "Tong-King",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "Tonkin",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
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{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"en:Cities in Vietnam",
"en:National capitals",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
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"Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
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],
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"capital",
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],
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
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{
"extra": "the capital of Vietnam",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
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}
],
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},
{
"categories": [
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"en:Former polities",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"A former kingdom in northern Vietnam."
],
"links": [
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"kingdom",
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],
[
"Vietnam",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former kingdom in northern Vietnam."
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"en:Dependent territories of France",
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],
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"A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
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],
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"(historical) A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
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]
},
{
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{
"extra": "a gulf in northern Vietnam",
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}
],
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"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for Gulf of Tonkin, a gulf in northern Vietnam."
],
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],
[
"gulf",
"gulf"
],
[
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]
],
"tags": [
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},
{
"alt_of": [
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"Short for Gulf of Tonkin incident, a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnamese Civil War."
],
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "Tonkin"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Tonkin meaning in English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.