See Tonkin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_text": "From a medieval diminutive form of the given name Thomas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tonkins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {
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},
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
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"name": "English surnames",
"parents": [],
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{
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{
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{
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"_dis": "18 3 3 3 37 37",
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"parents": [],
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],
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"A surname transferred from the given name."
],
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]
]
}
],
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}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 49 51",
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 49 51",
"word": "Tonkinese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 49 51",
"word": "Tonkin pit viper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 49 51",
"word": "Tonkin toad"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "Tonkin"
},
"expansion": "French Tonkin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vi",
"3": "Đông Kinh",
"4": "",
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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{
"args": {
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"2": "quo vide; \"which see"
},
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"forms": [
{
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},
{
"form": "Tong-King",
"tags": [
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"pos": "name",
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{
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{
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"orig": "en:Cities in Vietnam",
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"orig": "en:Places in Vietnam",
"parents": [
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],
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},
{
"_dis": "2 20 23 22 18 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
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"orig": "en:Vietnam",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-NRflUFXP",
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],
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
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{
"extra": "the capital of Vietnam",
"tags": [
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],
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{
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"orig": "en:Places in Vietnam",
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{
"_dis": "2 20 23 22 18 15",
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],
"glosses": [
"A former domain in northern Vietnam."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-gxxKyoFF",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former domain in northern Vietnam."
],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "Đàng Ngoài"
}
],
"tags": [
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},
{
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"orig": "en:Former dependent territories",
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"orig": "en:Places in France",
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{
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"orig": "en:Places in Vietnam",
"parents": [
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},
{
"_dis": "14 4 3 66 7 7",
"kind": "other",
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"name": "France",
"orig": "en:France",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 20 23 22 18 15",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-jIgclVYP",
"links": [
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],
[
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[
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[
"France",
"France#English"
]
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"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Bắc Kỳ"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a gulf in northern Vietnam",
"word": "the Gulf of Tonkin"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ellipses of places",
"orig": "en:Ellipses of places",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Gulfs",
"orig": "en:Gulfs",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "place",
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},
{
"_dis": "11 2 2 3 40 42",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "17 2 2 3 24 24 3 25",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "12 1 1 2 26 27 2 28",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 3 3 37 37",
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Seas",
"orig": "en:Seas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 20 23 22 18 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Vietnam",
"orig": "en:Vietnam",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of the Gulf of Tonkin: a gulf in northern Vietnam."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-qawl1fl9",
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"Gulf of Tonkin#English"
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[
"gulf",
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[
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"tags": [
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},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnam War",
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin incident"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 2 2 3 40 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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},
{
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{
"_dis": "12 1 1 2 26 27 2 28",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "18 3 3 3 37 37",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "2 20 23 22 18 15",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "1 12 12 11 9 54",
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"orig": "en:Vietnam War",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"Ellipsis of Gulf of Tonkin incident, a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnam War."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-FeK6Ct3U",
"links": [
[
"Gulf of Tonkin incident",
"w:Gulf of Tonkin incident"
],
[
"event",
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"tags": [
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"word": "Tonkin"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"English terms derived from Vietnamese",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:France",
"en:Seas",
"en:Vietnam",
"en:Vietnam War"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_text": "From a medieval diminutive form of the given name Thomas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tonkins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
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"English surnames from given names"
],
"glosses": [
"A surname transferred from the given name."
],
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],
"word": "Tonkin"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"English terms derived from Vietnamese",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:France",
"en:Seas",
"en:Vietnam",
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin"
},
{
"word": "Tonkinese"
},
{
"word": "Tonkin pit viper"
},
{
"word": "Tonkin toad"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "Tonkin"
},
"expansion": "French Tonkin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vi",
"3": "Đông Kinh",
"4": "",
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "q.v.",
"2": "quo vide; \"which see"
},
"expansion": "q.v.",
"name": "abbr"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French Tonkin, from Vietnamese Đông Kinh (“Hanoi; its former kingdom”), from đông (“east, eastern”) + kinh (“capital”), from Middle Chinese 東京 (tuwng kjaeng), q.v.\nCognate, through Middle Chinese, of Tokyo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tonquin",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "Tong-King",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "Tonkin",
"name": "en-proper noun"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
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{
"categories": [
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"en:Cities in Vietnam",
"en:National capitals",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
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"Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
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],
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"capital"
],
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],
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"(archaic) Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the capital of Vietnam",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Hanoi"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"A former domain in northern Vietnam."
],
"links": [
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former domain in northern Vietnam."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Đàng Ngoài"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Former dependent territories",
"en:Places in France",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"links": [
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],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
],
[
"colony",
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],
[
"France",
"France#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Bắc Kỳ"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a gulf in northern Vietnam",
"word": "the Gulf of Tonkin"
}
],
"categories": [
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"en:Ellipses of places",
"en:Gulfs",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of the Gulf of Tonkin: a gulf in northern Vietnam."
],
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"Gulf of Tonkin#English"
],
[
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],
[
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]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnam War",
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin incident"
}
],
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of Gulf of Tonkin incident, a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnam War."
],
"links": [
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"w:Gulf of Tonkin incident"
],
[
"event",
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],
[
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],
[
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[
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],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"word": "Tonkin"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Tonkin meaning in English (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.