See Tonkin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From a medieval diminutive form of the given name Thomas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tonkins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "Tonkin (plural Tonkins)",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 3 3 39 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 3 23 24 3 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 2 1 2 26 27 2 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 3 3 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Seas",
"orig": "en:Seas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A surname transferred from the given name."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-7rrtY8Fk",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Tonkin"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 49 51",
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 49 51",
"word": "Tonkinese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 49 51",
"word": "Tonkin pit viper"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "Tonkin"
},
"expansion": "French Tonkin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vi",
"3": "Đông Kinh",
"4": "",
"5": "Hanoi; its former kingdom"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese Đông Kinh (“Hanoi; its former kingdom”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "東京"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 東京 (tuwng kjaeng)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "q.v.",
"2": "quo vide; \"which see"
},
"expansion": "q.v.",
"name": "abbr"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French Tonkin, from Vietnamese Đông Kinh (“Hanoi; its former kingdom”), from đông (“east, eastern”) + kinh (“capital”), from Middle Chinese 東京 (tuwng kjaeng), q.v.\nCognate, through Middle Chinese, of Tokyo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tonquin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Tong-King",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Tonkin",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cities in Vietnam",
"orig": "en:Cities in Vietnam",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "en:National capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Vietnam",
"orig": "en:Places in Vietnam",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 22 26 25 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Vietnam",
"orig": "en:Vietnam",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 22 21 20 16 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Vietnam War",
"orig": "en:Vietnam War",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-NRflUFXP",
"links": [
[
"Hanoi",
"Hanoi#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the capital of Vietnam",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Hanoi"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Former polities",
"orig": "en:Former polities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Vietnam",
"orig": "en:Places in Vietnam",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 22 26 25 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Vietnam",
"orig": "en:Vietnam",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 22 21 20 16 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Vietnam War",
"orig": "en:Vietnam War",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A former kingdom in northern Vietnam."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-7IlJa0iA",
"links": [
[
"kingdom",
"kingdom"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former kingdom in northern Vietnam."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Former dependent territories",
"orig": "en:Former dependent territories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in France",
"orig": "en:Places in France",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Vietnam",
"orig": "en:Places in Vietnam",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 4 3 66 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "France",
"orig": "en:France",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 22 26 25 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Vietnam",
"orig": "en:Vietnam",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 22 21 20 16 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Vietnam War",
"orig": "en:Vietnam War",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-jIgclVYP",
"links": [
[
"protectorate",
"protectorate"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
],
[
"colony",
"colony"
],
[
"France",
"France#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a gulf in northern Vietnam",
"word": "the Gulf of Tonkin"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ellipses of places",
"orig": "en:Ellipses of places",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Gulfs",
"orig": "en:Gulfs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Vietnam",
"orig": "en:Places in Vietnam",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 3 3 39 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 3 23 24 3 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 2 1 2 26 27 2 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 3 3 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Seas",
"orig": "en:Seas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 22 26 25 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Vietnam",
"orig": "en:Vietnam",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 22 21 20 16 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Vietnam War",
"orig": "en:Vietnam War",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of the Gulf of Tonkin: a gulf in northern Vietnam."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-qawl1fl9",
"links": [
[
"Gulf of Tonkin",
"Gulf of Tonkin#English"
],
[
"gulf",
"gulf"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnamese Civil War",
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin incident"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 4 3 3 39 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 3 23 24 3 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 2 1 2 26 27 2 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 3 3 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Seas",
"orig": "en:Seas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 22 21 20 16 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Vietnam War",
"orig": "en:Vietnam War",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of Gulf of Tonkin incident, a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnamese Civil War."
],
"id": "en-Tonkin-en-name-Y9D5Tvoy",
"links": [
[
"Gulf of Tonkin incident",
"w:Gulf of Tonkin incident"
],
[
"event",
"event"
],
[
"used",
"used"
],
[
"increase",
"increase"
],
[
"US",
"US"
],
[
"involvement",
"involvement"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
]
}
],
"word": "Tonkin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"English terms derived from Vietnamese",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:France",
"en:Seas",
"en:Vietnam",
"en:Vietnam War"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From a medieval diminutive form of the given name Thomas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tonkins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "Tonkin (plural Tonkins)",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English surnames",
"English surnames from given names"
],
"glosses": [
"A surname transferred from the given name."
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Tonkin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"English terms derived from Vietnamese",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:France",
"en:Seas",
"en:Vietnam",
"en:Vietnam War"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin"
},
{
"word": "Tonkinese"
},
{
"word": "Tonkin pit viper"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "Tonkin"
},
"expansion": "French Tonkin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vi",
"3": "Đông Kinh",
"4": "",
"5": "Hanoi; its former kingdom"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese Đông Kinh (“Hanoi; its former kingdom”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "東京"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 東京 (tuwng kjaeng)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "q.v.",
"2": "quo vide; \"which see"
},
"expansion": "q.v.",
"name": "abbr"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French Tonkin, from Vietnamese Đông Kinh (“Hanoi; its former kingdom”), from đông (“east, eastern”) + kinh (“capital”), from Middle Chinese 東京 (tuwng kjaeng), q.v.\nCognate, through Middle Chinese, of Tokyo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tonquin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "Tong-King",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Tonkin",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"en:Cities in Vietnam",
"en:National capitals",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanoi",
"Hanoi#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the capital of Vietnam",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Hanoi"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Former polities",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"A former kingdom in northern Vietnam."
],
"links": [
[
"kingdom",
"kingdom"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former kingdom in northern Vietnam."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Former dependent territories",
"en:Places in France",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"links": [
[
"protectorate",
"protectorate"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
],
[
"colony",
"colony"
],
[
"France",
"France#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a gulf in northern Vietnam",
"word": "the Gulf of Tonkin"
}
],
"categories": [
"English ellipses",
"en:Ellipses of places",
"en:Gulfs",
"en:Places in Vietnam"
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of the Gulf of Tonkin: a gulf in northern Vietnam."
],
"links": [
[
"Gulf of Tonkin",
"Gulf of Tonkin#English"
],
[
"gulf",
"gulf"
],
[
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnamese Civil War",
"word": "Gulf of Tonkin incident"
}
],
"categories": [
"English ellipses"
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of Gulf of Tonkin incident, a 1964 event used to increase US involvement in the Vietnamese Civil War."
],
"links": [
[
"Gulf of Tonkin incident",
"w:Gulf of Tonkin incident"
],
[
"event",
"event"
],
[
"used",
"used"
],
[
"increase",
"increase"
],
[
"US",
"US"
],
[
"involvement",
"involvement"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
]
}
],
"word": "Tonkin"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Tonkin meaning in English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.