See Riga on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lv",
"3": "Rīga"
},
"expansion": "Latvian Rīga",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "liv",
"3": "ringa",
"4": "",
"5": "loop"
},
"expansion": "Livonian ringa (“loop”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latvian Rīga, of disputed origin:\n* Possibly from Livonian ringa (“loop”), referring to the ancient natural harbor formed by the tributary loop of the Daugava river.\n* Possibly a form of Riege, the German name for the Rīdzene, a tributary of the Daugava river.\n* Possibly from rija (“threshing barn”), the j becoming a g in German (note that English geographer Richard Hakluyt calls the city Rie in 1589, and that German historian Dionysius Fabricius confirms in 1610 the origin of Rīga from rija).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Riga",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cities in Latvia",
"orig": "en:Cities in Latvia",
"parents": [
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"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "en:National capitals",
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"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
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"orig": "en:Places in Latvia",
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"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
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],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Riga",
"orig": "en:Riga",
"parents": [
"Latvia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
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},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
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{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Livonian translations",
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{
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"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Silesian translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
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{
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Rigan"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014, Zigmunds Skujins, Flesh-Coloured Dominoes:",
"text": "[The city is] at least ten Rigas and Jelgavas put together! Palace upon palace, bridge upon bridge, tower upon tower.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The capital city of Latvia."
],
"id": "en-Riga-en-name-jyCTKhwN",
"links": [
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite"
],
"word": "Rigë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rīḡā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رِيغَا"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rīgā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رِيجَا"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rīgā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ريجا"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rīga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ريقا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "Ṙiga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Ռիգա"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riqa"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "Rýha",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ры́га"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "Rýga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"Taraškievica",
"also",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ры́ґа"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "রিগা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "Ríga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ри́га"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "ရီဂါ"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "Ríga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Рі́ґа"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "lei⁵ gaa¹",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "里加"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Lǐjiā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "里加"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Rigo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riika"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "რიგა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Ríga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ρίγα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ríga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "רִיגָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "rīgā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "रीगा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ríga"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ríge"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "リガ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Рига"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "riigiə",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "រីហ្កា"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "리가"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Rîga"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Рига"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "rī kā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "ຣີກາ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Reiga"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rīga"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ryga"
},
{
"code": "liv",
"lang": "Livonian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Rīgõ"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Рига"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "rigā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "रिगा"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "Рига"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Wiiga"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "regã",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ريګا"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "rigâ",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "ریگا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ryga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "rīgā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "ਰੀਗਾ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Ríga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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"proper-noun"
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:Riga"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "De-Riga.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/De-Riga.ogg"
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-infl-nom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stem in long/high vowel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "back harmony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "long/high vowel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigát",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigának",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigával",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigáért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigává",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigáig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigaként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigában",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigán",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigánál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigába",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigára",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigához",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigából",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigáról",
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"tags": [
"delative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigától",
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"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigáé",
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"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigáéi",
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"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-pos-tok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigád",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigája",
"source": "declension",
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"possessed-single",
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigánk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigátok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigájuk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "proper noun"
},
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}
],
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"Ri‧ga"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "o",
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},
"name": "hu-infl-nom"
},
{
"args": {
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"2pl_sg": "Rigátok",
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"3pl_pl": "Rigáik",
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"3sg_sg": "Rigája",
"n": "sg",
"perspron": ""
},
"name": "hu-infl-pos-table"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "name",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
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],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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],
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},
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},
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},
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],
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},
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},
{
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],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
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"Latvia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rigai"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
"id": "en-Riga-hu-name-ne-mcAgn",
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"hu:Riga"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈriɡɒ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɡɒ"
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "Riga f",
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}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "name",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Cities in Latvia",
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"Names",
"All topics",
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"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
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],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
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],
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},
{
"kind": "place",
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"Earth",
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"Nature",
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
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"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
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"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lv",
"3": "Rīga"
},
"expansion": "Latvian Rīga",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latvian Rīga.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rigae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Riga<1>"
},
"expansion": "Riga f sg (genitive Rigae); first declension",
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}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Riga<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
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"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
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"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
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"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
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],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
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"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
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"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
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"parents": [
"Latvia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Rigensis"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Blokaus is a fortification built on the Dvina between Riga and Dünamünde.",
"ref": "1578, Alexander Guagnini, Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio, quae Regnum Poloniae, Lituaniam, Samogitiam, Russiam, Masouiam, Prussiam, Pomeraniam, Liuoniam, et Moschouiae, Tartariaeque partem complectitur [Description of European Sarmatia, Which Encompasses the Kingdom of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia, Russia, Mazovia, Prussia, Pomerania, Livonia, Muscovy, and Part of Tartary], Liuoniae totius cum suis Prouinciis, Ciuitatibus, Castris, et Commendaturis, siue Palatinatibus, etc. Succincta descriptio [A succinct description of the whole of Livonia, with its provinces, cities, castles, and commanderies or palatinates, etc.], folio 3r:",
"text": "Blokavs Munitio inter Rigam & Dinamunt ad Dwinam condita",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
"id": "en-Riga-la-name-ne-mcAgn",
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "lv",
"3": "Rīga",
"4": "",
"5": "Riga"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "liv",
"3": "ringa",
"4": "",
"5": "loop"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "de",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "rī’"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"1": "nb",
"2": "et",
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*riihi",
"4": "",
"5": "cabin for drying and threshing grain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *riihi (“cabin for drying and threshing grain”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latvian Rīga (“Riga”), where the origin is disputed:\n* Possibly from Livonian ringa (“loop”), referring to the ancient natural harbor formed by the tributary loop of the Daugava river.\n* Possibly a form of Riege, the German name for the Rīdzene, a tributary of the Daugava river.\n* Possibly from rija (“threshing barn”), the j becoming a g in German (note that English geographer Richard Hakluyt calls the city Rie in 1589, and that German historian Dionysius Fabricius confirms in 1610 the origin of Rīga from rija (“threshing barn”), from Livonian rī’, rī’j or from Estonian rehi, both from Proto-Finnic *riihi (“cabin for drying and threshing grain”), from earlier *riŋeše.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "nb",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "Riga",
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}
],
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],
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"pos": "name",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Cities in Latvia",
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"Polities",
"Names",
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"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
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"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "nb",
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"da:National capitals",
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"capital city",
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{
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"args": {
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"lang": "Dutch",
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[
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[
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"tags": [
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"wikipedia": [
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}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English surnames from Greek",
"English surnames from Italian",
"English terms borrowed from Greek",
"English terms borrowed from Italian",
"English terms borrowed from Latvian",
"English terms derived from Greek",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latvian",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/iːɡə",
"Rhymes:English/iːɡə/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Livonian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
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"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
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}
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "liv",
"3": "ringa",
"4": "",
"5": "loop"
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "English",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
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},
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"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latvian Rīga, of disputed origin:\n* Possibly from Livonian ringa (“loop”), referring to the ancient natural harbor formed by the tributary loop of the Daugava river.\n* Possibly a form of Riege, the German name for the Rīdzene, a tributary of the Daugava river.\n* Possibly from rija (“threshing barn”), the j becoming a g in German (note that English geographer Richard Hakluyt calls the city Rie in 1589, and that German historian Dionysius Fabricius confirms in 1610 the origin of Rīga from rija).",
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{
"ref": "2014, Zigmunds Skujins, Flesh-Coloured Dominoes:",
"text": "[The city is] at least ten Rigas and Jelgavas put together! Palace upon palace, bridge upon bridge, tower upon tower.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"The capital city of Latvia."
],
"links": [
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈɹiːɡə/"
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{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Riga.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-iːɡə"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite"
],
"word": "Rigë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rīḡā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رِيغَا"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rīgā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رِيجَا"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rīgā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ريجا"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rīga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ريقا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "Ṙiga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Ռիգա"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riqa"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "Rýha",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ры́га"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "Rýga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"Taraškievica",
"also",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ры́ґа"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "রিগা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "Ríga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ри́га"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "ရီဂါ"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "Ríga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Рі́ґа"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "lei⁵ gaa¹",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "里加"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Lǐjiā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "里加"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Rigo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riika"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "რიგა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Ríga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ρίγα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ríga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "רִיגָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "rīgā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "रीगा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ríga"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ríge"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "リガ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Рига"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "riigiə",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "រីហ្កា"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "리가"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Rîga"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Рига"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "rī kā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "ຣີກາ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Reiga"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rīga"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ryga"
},
{
"code": "liv",
"lang": "Livonian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Rīgõ"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Рига"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "rigā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "रिगा"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "Рига"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Wiiga"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "regã",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ريګا"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "rigâ",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "ریگا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ryga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "rīgā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "ਰੀਗਾ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Ríga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ри́га"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Рига"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "szl",
"lang": "Silesian",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ryga"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Рига"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "rīkā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "ரீகா"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "Riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Рига"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "rii-gâa",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "รีกา"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "Rýha",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ри́га"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "Rýga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ри́ґа"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "rīgā",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ریگا"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "riga",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "رىگا"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Riga"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"word": "Ri-ga"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "rige",
"sense": "capital of Latvia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ריגע"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Riga"
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English surnames from Greek",
"English surnames from Italian",
"English terms borrowed from Greek",
"English terms borrowed from Italian",
"English terms derived from Greek",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries"
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"etymology_number": 2,
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"expansion": "",
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{
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"expansion": "Italian Riga",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "el",
"3": "Ρήγα"
},
"expansion": "Greek Ρήγα (Ríga)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian Riga and Greek Ρήγα (Ríga).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rigas",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
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],
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"pos": "name",
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"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"A surname."
],
"links": [
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"surname"
]
]
}
],
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],
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}
{
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],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
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"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in French entries",
"fr:Cities in Latvia",
"fr:National capitals",
"fr:Places in Latvia",
"fr:Riga"
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:Riga"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁi.ɡa/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt-Riga.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-Riga.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-Riga.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-Riga.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-Riga.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rigas",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"with-article"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "toponym"
},
"expansion": "Riga n (proper noun, genitive Rigas or (optionally with an article) Riga)",
"name": "de-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter nouns",
"German proper nouns",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"de:Cities in Latvia",
"de:National capitals",
"de:Places in Latvia",
"de:Riga"
],
"glosses": [
"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"proper-noun"
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:Riga"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "De-Riga.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/De-Riga.ogg/De-Riga.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/De-Riga.ogg"
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "rigai"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-infl-nom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stem in long/high vowel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "back harmony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "long/high vowel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigát",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigának",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigával",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigáért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigává",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigáig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigaként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigában",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigán",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigánál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigába",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigára",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigához",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigából",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigáról",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigától",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigáé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigáéi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-pos-tok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigád",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigája",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigánk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigátok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigájuk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "Riga",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Ri‧ga"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rigá",
"2": "o",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "hu-infl-nom"
},
{
"args": {
"1pl_pl": "Rigáink",
"1pl_sg": "Rigánk",
"1sg_pl": "Rigáim",
"1sg_sg": "Rigám",
"2pl_pl": "Rigáitok",
"2pl_sg": "Rigátok",
"2sg_pl": "Rigáid",
"2sg_sg": "Rigád",
"3pl_pl": "Rigáik",
"3pl_sg": "Rigájuk",
"3sg_pl": "Rigái",
"3sg_sg": "Rigája",
"n": "sg",
"perspron": ""
},
"name": "hu-infl-pos-table"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Hungarian proper nouns",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɡɒ",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɡɒ/2 syllables",
"hu:Cities in Latvia",
"hu:National capitals",
"hu:Places in Latvia",
"hu:Riga"
],
"glosses": [
"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"hu:Riga"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈriɡɒ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɡɒ"
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "Riga f",
"name": "it-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian proper nouns",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"it:Cities in Latvia",
"it:National capitals",
"it:Places in Latvia",
"it:Riga"
],
"glosses": [
"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Rigensis"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lv",
"3": "Rīga"
},
"expansion": "Latvian Rīga",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latvian Rīga.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rigae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rigā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Riga<1>"
},
"expansion": "Riga f sg (genitive Rigae); first declension",
"name": "la-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Riga<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin proper nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Latvian",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Cities in Latvia",
"la:National capitals",
"la:Places in Latvia",
"la:Riga"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Blokaus is a fortification built on the Dvina between Riga and Dünamünde.",
"ref": "1578, Alexander Guagnini, Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio, quae Regnum Poloniae, Lituaniam, Samogitiam, Russiam, Masouiam, Prussiam, Pomeraniam, Liuoniam, et Moschouiae, Tartariaeque partem complectitur [Description of European Sarmatia, Which Encompasses the Kingdom of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia, Russia, Mazovia, Prussia, Pomerania, Livonia, Muscovy, and Part of Tartary], Liuoniae totius cum suis Prouinciis, Ciuitatibus, Castris, et Commendaturis, siue Palatinatibus, etc. Succincta descriptio [A succinct description of the whole of Livonia, with its provinces, cities, castles, and commanderies or palatinates, etc.], folio 3r:",
"text": "Blokavs Munitio inter Rigam & Dinamunt ad Dwinam condita",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "Riga balm",
"word": "rigabalsam"
},
{
"english": "Gulf of Riga",
"word": "Rigabukten"
},
{
"english": "Gulf of Riga",
"word": "Rigabukta"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "lv",
"3": "Rīga",
"4": "",
"5": "Riga"
},
"expansion": "Latvian Rīga (“Riga”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "liv",
"3": "ringa",
"4": "",
"5": "loop"
},
"expansion": "Livonian ringa (“loop”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "de",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "liv",
"3": "rī’"
},
"expansion": "Livonian rī’",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "et",
"3": "rehi"
},
"expansion": "Estonian rehi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*riihi",
"4": "",
"5": "cabin for drying and threshing grain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *riihi (“cabin for drying and threshing grain”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latvian Rīga (“Riga”), where the origin is disputed:\n* Possibly from Livonian ringa (“loop”), referring to the ancient natural harbor formed by the tributary loop of the Daugava river.\n* Possibly a form of Riege, the German name for the Rīdzene, a tributary of the Daugava river.\n* Possibly from rija (“threshing barn”), the j becoming a g in German (note that English geographer Richard Hakluyt calls the city Rie in 1589, and that German historian Dionysius Fabricius confirms in 1610 the origin of Rīga from rija (“threshing barn”), from Livonian rī’, rī’j or from Estonian rehi, both from Proto-Finnic *riihi (“cabin for drying and threshing grain”), from earlier *riŋeše.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "Riga",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Ri‧ga"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål proper nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latvian",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/iːɡa",
"nb:Cities in Latvia",
"nb:National capitals",
"nb:Places in Latvia",
"nb:Riga"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Riga er Latvias økonomiske og kulturelle sentrum\nRiga is Latvia's economic and cultural center",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈriːɡa/"
},
{
"audio": "nb-riga.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/Nb-riga.ogg/Nb-riga.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Nb-riga.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːɡa"
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "Riga f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "Riga f",
"name": "pt-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Ri‧ga"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese proper nouns",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"pt:Cities in Latvia",
"pt:National capitals",
"pt:Places in Latvia",
"pt:Riga"
],
"glosses": [
"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁi.ɡɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhi.ɡɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁi.ɡɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhi.ɡɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁi.ɡɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈχi.ɡɐ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁi.ɡa/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhi.ɡa]",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁi.ɡɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʁi.ɣɐ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rigy",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "žena",
"tags": [
"declension-pattern-of"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"decl": "žena",
"gen": "Rigy"
},
"expansion": "Riga f (genitive singular Rigy, declension pattern of žena)",
"name": "sk-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovak feminine nouns",
"Slovak lemmas",
"Slovak links with redundant wikilinks",
"Slovak proper nouns",
"Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation",
"sk:Cities in Latvia",
"sk:National capitals",
"sk:Places in Latvia",
"sk:Riga"
],
"glosses": [
"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈriɡa]"
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "proper nouns",
"g": "?",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "Riga ?",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Riga ?",
"name": "es-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Ri‧ga"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"word": "rigués"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in Spanish entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/iɡa",
"Rhymes:Spanish/iɡa/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish proper nouns",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"es:Cities in Latvia",
"es:National capitals",
"es:Places in Latvia",
"es:Riga"
],
"glosses": [
"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈriɡa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈri.ɣ̞a]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iɡa"
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rigas",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "Rigas",
"g": "n",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "Riga n (genitive Rigas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "Riga n (genitive Rigas)",
"name": "sv-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish neuter nouns",
"Swedish proper nouns",
"sv:Cities in Latvia",
"sv:National capitals",
"sv:Places in Latvia",
"sv:Riga"
],
"glosses": [
"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ریغا",
"tr": "Riga"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ریغا (Riga)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ریغا (Riga).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-decl-noun-unc\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga'yı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga'ya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga'da",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga'dan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "Riga'nın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "Riga",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Riga",
"name": "tr-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Riga",
"2": "Riga'yı",
"3": "Riga'ya",
"4": "Riga'da",
"5": "Riga'dan",
"6": "Riga'nın"
},
"name": "tr-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish proper nouns",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"tr:Cities in Latvia",
"tr:National capitals",
"tr:Places in Latvia",
"tr:Riga"
],
"glosses": [
"Riga (the capital city of Latvia)"
],
"links": [
[
"Riga",
"Riga#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Latvia",
"Latvia#English"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"tr:Riga"
]
}
],
"word": "Riga"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Riga meaning in All languages combined (38.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.