See -ska on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-s",
"3": "-kka",
"alt2": "-(k)ka",
"id1": "nominal"
},
"expansion": "-s + -(k)ka",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably -s + -(k)ka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-skä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-skA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
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"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-skä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
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"f8nolink": "1",
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},
"expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
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},
{
"args": {
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"var": "skä"
},
"expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish terms suffixed with -kka",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-skari"
},
{
"word": "-ski"
},
{
"word": "-sko"
},
{
"word": "-sku"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms diminutive nouns."
],
"id": "en--ska-fi-suffix-Gjv15xH3",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "feminine"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "sv",
"3": "-ska"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ska",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Swedish -ska, as used in older Swedish as a suffix used to derive feminine nouns (such as sångare → sångerska, major → majorska).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-skä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
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},
"expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"var": "skä"
},
"expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "colloquial",
"3": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(colloquial, archaic)",
"name": "tlb"
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"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "5 14 6 14 18 1 3 1 16 5 9 9",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "4 14 7 17 14 0 2 1 13 6 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Virtanen + -ska → Virtaska",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pastori + -ska → pastorska",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kamreeri + -ska → kamreerska",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to transform husband's family name or title to a term for addressing or speaking of a married woman. Used especially with family names ending with -nen and titles ending -ri."
],
"id": "en--ska-fi-suffix-MTTjseoM",
"links": [
[
"-nen",
"-nen#Finnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now humoristic) Used to transform husband's family name or title to a term for addressing or speaking of a married woman. Used especially with family names ending with -nen and titles ending -ri."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sku",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skunni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skunnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "@@:language"
},
"expansion": "-ska f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -sku, no plural)",
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],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f.sg",
"id": "language"
},
"name": "is-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "-eska"
},
{
"word": "-neska"
},
{
"word": "-íska"
},
{
"word": "-verska"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Japan (“Japan”) + -ska → japanska (“Japanese”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Úkraína (“Ukraine”) + -ska → úkraínska (“Ukrainian”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Laos (“Laos”) + -ska → laoska (“Lao, Laotian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms names of languages from countries or demonyms"
],
"id": "en--ska-is-suffix-~0NSB~Uz",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"no-plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sku",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sku",
"source": "declension",
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"dative",
"indefinite",
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]
},
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"form": "-skunni",
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"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
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"form": "-sku",
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"genitive",
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"form": "-skunnar",
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"definite",
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}
],
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"args": {
"1": "@@:abstract"
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"args": {
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],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 14 6 14 18 1 3 1 16 5 9 9",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "4 14 7 17 14 0 2 1 13 6 11 11",
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"_dis": "33 67",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-mennska"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "illur (“evil”) + -ska → illska (“evil”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gleyma (“to forget”) + -ska → gleymska (“forgetfulness”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "heimur (“world”) (originally “abode, home”) + -ska → heimska (“stupidity”) (originally “naiveté, the state of not leaving one's home much”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms abstract nouns from nouns, verbs and adjectives"
],
"id": "en--ska-is-suffix-WFdO9nR8",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"no-plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
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"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
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{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "8 15 6 13 26 1 4 1 4 4 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
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{
"_dis": "5 14 6 14 18 1 3 1 16 5 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "4 14 7 17 14 0 2 1 13 6 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the names of countries and regions"
],
"id": "en--ska-dsb-suffix-zX-XhAB6",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ska",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: -ska",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: -ska"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ська",
"3": "-ська́",
"4": ";",
"5": "-ьска",
"6": "-ьська́",
"der": "1",
"q3": "after <i class=\"Cyrl mention\" lang=\"uk\">-л-</i> (-l-)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ukrainian: -ська (-sʹka), -ська́ (-sʹká); (after -л- (-l-)) -ьска (-ʹska), -ьська́ (-ʹsʹká)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ukrainian: -ська (-sʹka), -ська́ (-sʹká); (after -л- (-l-)) -ьска (-ʹska), -ьська́ (-ʹsʹká) (influenced)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "-ьска",
"3": "-ьска́",
"4": ";",
"5": "-ска",
"6": "-ска́",
"der": "1",
"q3": "after a labial consonant"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: -ьска (-ʹska), -ьска́ (-ʹská); (after a labial consonant) -ска (-ska), -ска́ (-ská)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: -ьска (-ʹska), -ьска́ (-ʹská); (after a labial consonant) -ска (-ska), -ска́ (-ská) (influenced)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ьskъ",
"4": "*-ьskaja",
"pos": "definite feminine relational adjective suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьskaja (definite feminine relational adjective suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ská"
},
"expansion": "Czech -ská",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ská"
},
"expansion": "Slovak -ská",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-ская"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian -ская (-skaja)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coalesced from Proto-Slavic *-ьskaja (definite feminine relational adjective suffix). Cognate with Czech -ská, Slovak -ská; Belarusian -ская (-skaja), -ска́я (-skája); etc.",
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{
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},
"expansion": "-ska",
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],
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"[please"
],
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"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 38 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ski"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine nominative singular of -ski"
],
"id": "en--ska-pl-suffix-Bd-KGP7i",
"links": [
[
"-ski",
"-ski#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 38 34",
"kind": "other",
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],
"glosses": [
"forms surnames"
],
"id": "en--ska-pl-suffix-ha7RV9Jf",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ska/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
},
{
"homophone": "ska"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"word": "-cka"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"word": "-zka"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Fusion (phonetics)"
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
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},
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"id": "",
"lit": "",
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"sc": "",
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"tr": "",
"ts": ""
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive).",
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{
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"[please"
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],
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{
"word": "-sk"
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],
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"masculine genitive singular of -sk"
],
"id": "en--ska-pl-suffix-2NGwtlWO",
"links": [
[
"-sk",
"-sk#Polish"
]
],
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"masculine",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ska/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
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{
"_dis": "5 14 6 14 18 1 3 1 16 5 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "4 14 7 17 14 0 2 1 13 6 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-sky"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine nominative singular of -sky"
],
"id": "en--ska-sk-adj-7g5QucdE",
"links": [
[
"-sky",
"-sky#Slovak"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ska/"
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ska f",
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}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "19 39 43",
"word": "-erska"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 39 43",
"word": "-inna"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 39 43",
"word": "fru"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 39 43",
"word": "fröken"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 39 43",
"word": "herr"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 37 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a Spaniard and Spaniardess",
"text": "en spanjor och spanjorska",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a cashier and cashieress",
"text": "en kassör och kassörska",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Signifies a female (particularly after professions and nationalities); -ess"
],
"id": "en--ska-sv-suffix-93gl-YHb",
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 14 7 17 14 0 2 1 13 6 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 37 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a wife of a director (literally, “a directoress”)",
"text": "en direktörska",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a wife of a captain (literally, “a captainess”)",
"text": "en kaptenska",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to the husband's occupation title to form a courtesy title for the wife or widow."
],
"id": "en--ska-sv-suffix-2JTKLf11",
"links": [
[
"husband's",
"husband#English"
],
[
"occupation",
"occupation#English"
],
[
"title",
"title#English"
],
[
"courtesy title",
"courtesy title#English"
],
[
"wife",
"wife#English"
],
[
"widow",
"widow#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Added to the husband's occupation title to form a courtesy title for the wife or widow."
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 14 7 17 14 0 2 1 13 6 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 37 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset\nThe Sahlgrenian University Hospital (named after Niclas Sahlgren)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Callanderska gården\nThe Callanderian estate (named after Sofia Nordvaeger, née Callander)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Unto the Family of Gyllenpalm hath since the last account been received: A small gift from two widows to the poor family. Many a little makes a mickle, 2 Rixdollars, the 17th of July, 1815.",
"ref": "1815 August 9, N. S. Colliander, “Allmän Kungörelse [Publick Notice]”, in Wexiö Tidning, number 61, page 4:",
"text": "Till Gyllenpalmska Famillen hafva sedan sista redovisning influtit: En skärf från 2:ne Enkor till den fattiga famillen. Många bäckar små göra en stor å, 2 R:dr R:gd d. 17 Juli 1815.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes that the object is related to the aforementioned person or family; -ian, of"
],
"id": "en--ska-sv-suffix-XYyk9p0M",
"links": [
[
"-ian",
"-ian#English"
],
[
"of",
"of#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish archaic terms",
"Finnish colloquialisms",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish noun-forming suffixes",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms borrowed from Swedish",
"Finnish terms derived from Swedish",
"Finnish terms suffixed with -kka",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-skari"
},
{
"word": "-ski"
},
{
"word": "-sko"
},
{
"word": "-sku"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-s",
"3": "-kka",
"alt2": "-(k)ka",
"id1": "nominal"
},
"expansion": "-s + -(k)ka",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably -s + -(k)ka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-skä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-skA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-skä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"var": "skä"
},
"expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms diminutive nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish archaic terms",
"Finnish colloquialisms",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish noun-forming suffixes",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms borrowed from Swedish",
"Finnish terms derived from Swedish",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "feminine"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "sv",
"3": "-ska"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ska",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Swedish -ska, as used in older Swedish as a suffix used to derive feminine nouns (such as sångare → sångerska, major → majorska).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-skä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-skA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-skä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"var": "skä"
},
"expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
"name": "fi-suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "colloquial",
"3": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(colloquial, archaic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Virtanen + -ska → Virtaska",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pastori + -ska → pastorska",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kamreeri + -ska → kamreerska",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to transform husband's family name or title to a term for addressing or speaking of a married woman. Used especially with family names ending with -nen and titles ending -ri."
],
"links": [
[
"-nen",
"-nen#Finnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now humoristic) Used to transform husband's family name or title to a term for addressing or speaking of a married woman. Used especially with family names ending with -nen and titles ending -ri."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic feminine suffixes",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic noun-forming suffixes",
"Icelandic suffixes",
"Icelandic terms with redundant head parameter",
"Icelandic uncountable nouns",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-eska"
},
{
"word": "-neska"
},
{
"word": "-íska"
},
{
"word": "-verska"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sku",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skunni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skunnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "@@:language"
},
"expansion": "-ska f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -sku, no plural)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f.sg",
"id": "language"
},
"name": "is-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Japan (“Japan”) + -ska → japanska (“Japanese”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Úkraína (“Ukraine”) + -ska → úkraínska (“Ukrainian”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Laos (“Laos”) + -ska → laoska (“Lao, Laotian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms names of languages from countries or demonyms"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"no-plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic feminine suffixes",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic noun-forming suffixes",
"Icelandic suffixes",
"Icelandic terms with redundant head parameter",
"Icelandic uncountable nouns",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-mennska"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sku",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skunni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-skunnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "@@:abstract"
},
"expansion": "-ska f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -sku, no plural)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f.sg",
"id": "abstract"
},
"name": "is-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "illur (“evil”) + -ska → illska (“evil”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gleyma (“to forget”) + -ska → gleymska (“forgetfulness”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "heimur (“world”) (originally “abode, home”) + -ska → heimska (“stupidity”) (originally “naiveté, the state of not leaving one's home much”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms abstract nouns from nouns, verbs and adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"no-plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ska f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian feminine suffixes",
"Lower Sorbian lemmas",
"Lower Sorbian noun-forming suffixes",
"Lower Sorbian suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the names of countries and regions"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/a",
"Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ska",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: -ska",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: -ska"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ська",
"3": "-ська́",
"4": ";",
"5": "-ьска",
"6": "-ьська́",
"der": "1",
"q3": "after <i class=\"Cyrl mention\" lang=\"uk\">-л-</i> (-l-)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ukrainian: -ська (-sʹka), -ська́ (-sʹká); (after -л- (-l-)) -ьска (-ʹska), -ьська́ (-ʹsʹká)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ukrainian: -ська (-sʹka), -ська́ (-sʹká); (after -л- (-l-)) -ьска (-ʹska), -ьська́ (-ʹsʹká) (influenced)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "-ьска",
"3": "-ьска́",
"4": ";",
"5": "-ска",
"6": "-ска́",
"der": "1",
"q3": "after a labial consonant"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: -ьска (-ʹska), -ьска́ (-ʹská); (after a labial consonant) -ска (-ska), -ска́ (-ská)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: -ьска (-ʹska), -ьска́ (-ʹská); (after a labial consonant) -ска (-ska), -ска́ (-ská) (influenced)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ьskъ",
"4": "*-ьskaja",
"pos": "definite feminine relational adjective suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьskaja (definite feminine relational adjective suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ská"
},
"expansion": "Czech -ská",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ská"
},
"expansion": "Slovak -ská",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-ская"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian -ская (-skaja)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coalesced from Proto-Slavic *-ьskaja (definite feminine relational adjective suffix). Cognate with Czech -ská, Slovak -ská; Belarusian -ская (-skaja), -ска́я (-skája); etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ska",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ski"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine nominative singular of -ski"
],
"links": [
[
"-ski",
"-ski#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms surnames"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ska/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
},
{
"homophone": "ska"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-cka"
},
{
"word": "-zka"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Fusion (phonetics)"
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/a",
"Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ьskъ",
"4": "*-ьska",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "genitive",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ьskъ",
"4": "*-ьska",
"pos": "genitive"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ska",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-sk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"masculine genitive singular of -sk"
],
"links": [
[
"-sk",
"-sk#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ska/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "-ska",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Slovak adjective forms",
"Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovak non-lemma forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-sky"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine nominative singular of -sky"
],
"links": [
[
"-sky",
"-sky#Slovak"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ska/"
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish feminine suffixes",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ska f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-erska"
},
{
"word": "-inna"
},
{
"word": "fru"
},
{
"word": "fröken"
},
{
"word": "herr"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a Spaniard and Spaniardess",
"text": "en spanjor och spanjorska",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a cashier and cashieress",
"text": "en kassör och kassörska",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Signifies a female (particularly after professions and nationalities); -ess"
],
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with historical senses",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a wife of a director (literally, “a directoress”)",
"text": "en direktörska",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a wife of a captain (literally, “a captainess”)",
"text": "en kaptenska",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to the husband's occupation title to form a courtesy title for the wife or widow."
],
"links": [
[
"husband's",
"husband#English"
],
[
"occupation",
"occupation#English"
],
[
"title",
"title#English"
],
[
"courtesy title",
"courtesy title#English"
],
[
"wife",
"wife#English"
],
[
"widow",
"widow#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Added to the husband's occupation title to form a courtesy title for the wife or widow."
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with quotations",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset\nThe Sahlgrenian University Hospital (named after Niclas Sahlgren)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Callanderska gården\nThe Callanderian estate (named after Sofia Nordvaeger, née Callander)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Unto the Family of Gyllenpalm hath since the last account been received: A small gift from two widows to the poor family. Many a little makes a mickle, 2 Rixdollars, the 17th of July, 1815.",
"ref": "1815 August 9, N. S. Colliander, “Allmän Kungörelse [Publick Notice]”, in Wexiö Tidning, number 61, page 4:",
"text": "Till Gyllenpalmska Famillen hafva sedan sista redovisning influtit: En skärf från 2:ne Enkor till den fattiga famillen. Många bäckar små göra en stor å, 2 R:dr R:gd d. 17 Juli 1815.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes that the object is related to the aforementioned person or family; -ian, of"
],
"links": [
[
"-ian",
"-ian#English"
],
[
"of",
"of#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ska"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ska meaning in All languages combined (16.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -skA",
"path": [
"-ska"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ska",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -skA",
"path": [
"-ska"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ska",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: now humoristic",
"path": [
"-ska"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ska",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: now humoristic",
"path": [
"-ska"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ska",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ska"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ska",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ska"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ska",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.