"-ska" meaning in All languages combined

See -ska on Wiktionary

Suffix [Finnish]

Forms: -skä [front-vowel]
Etymology: table Probably -s + -(k)ka. Etymology templates: {{etymid|fi|diminutive}} table, {{suffix|fi|-s|-kka|alt2=-(k)ka|id1=nominal}} -s + -(k)ka Head templates: {{head|fi|suffixes|front vowel harmony variant|-skä||-{{{stem}}}-||-{{{stem2}}}-||-{{{stem}}}-||-{{{stem2}}}-|linguistic notation|-skA||{{{comp}}}||{{{sup}}}|cat2=|f2nolink=1|f3nolink=1|f4nolink=1|f5nolink=1|f6nolink=1|f7nolink=1|f8nolink=1|head=}} -ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA), {{fi-suffix|noun|var=skä}} -ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)
  1. Forms diminutive nouns. Tags: morpheme Derived forms: -ski, -sko, -sku
    Sense id: en--ska-fi-suffix-Gjv15xH3 Categories (other): Finnish terms suffixed with -kka
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [Finnish]

Forms: -skä [front-vowel]
Etymology: table Borrowed from Swedish -ska, as used in older Swedish as a suffix used to derive feminine nouns (such as sångare → sångerska, major → majorska). Etymology templates: {{etymid|fi|feminine}} table, {{bor|fi|sv|-ska}} Swedish -ska, {{m|sv|sångare}} sångare, {{m|sv|sångerska}} sångerska, {{m|sv|major}} major, {{m|sv|majorska}} majorska Head templates: {{head|fi|suffixes|front vowel harmony variant|-skä||-{{{stem}}}-||-{{{stem2}}}-||-{{{stem}}}-||-{{{stem2}}}-|linguistic notation|-skA||{{{comp}}}||{{{sup}}}|cat2=|f2nolink=1|f3nolink=1|f4nolink=1|f5nolink=1|f6nolink=1|f7nolink=1|f8nolink=1|head=}} -ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA), {{fi-suffix|noun|var=skä}} -ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)
  1. (now humoristic) Used to transform husband's family name or title to a term for addressing or speaking of a married woman. Used especially with family names ending with -nen and titles ending -ri. Tags: archaic, colloquial, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ska-fi-suffix-MTTjseoM Categories (other): Finnish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Finnish entries with incorrect language header: 16 84
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix [Lower Sorbian]

Head templates: {{head|dsb|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes|g=f}} -ska f
  1. used to form the names of countries and regions Tags: feminine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ska-dsb-suffix-zX-XhAB6 Categories (other): Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header

Suffix [Polish]

IPA: /ska/
Rhymes: -a Etymology: Coalesced from Proto-Slavic *-ьskaja (definite feminine relational adjective suffix). Cognate with Czech -ská, Slovak -ská; Belarusian -ская (-skaja), -ска́я (-skája); etc. Etymology templates: {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*-ьskъ|*-ьskaja|pos=definite feminine relational adjective suffix}} Proto-Slavic *-ьskaja (definite feminine relational adjective suffix), {{cog|cs|-ská}} Czech -ská, {{cog|sk|-ská}} Slovak -ská, {{cog|be|-ская}} Belarusian -ская (-skaja), {{m|be|-ска́я}} -ска́я (-skája) Head templates: {{head|pl|suffix}} -ska
  1. feminine nominative singular of -ski Tags: feminine, form-of, morpheme, nominative, singular Form of: -ski
    Sense id: en--ska-pl-suffix-Bd-KGP7i Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 40 18 42
  2. forms surnames Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ska-pl-suffix-ha7RV9Jf Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 40 18 42
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: -cka, -zka
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [Polish]

IPA: /ska/
Rhymes: -a Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*-ьskъ|*-ьska||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=genitive|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive), {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*-ьskъ|*-ьska|pos=genitive}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive) Head templates: {{head|pl|suffix}} -ska
  1. masculine genitive singular of -sk Tags: form-of, genitive, masculine, morpheme, singular Form of: -sk
    Sense id: en--ska-pl-suffix-2NGwtlWO Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 40 18 42
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Adjective [Slovak]

IPA: /ska/
Head templates: {{head|sk|adjective form}} -ska
  1. feminine nominative singular of -sky Tags: feminine, form-of, nominative, singular Form of: -sky
    Sense id: en--ska-sk-adj-7g5QucdE Categories (other): Slovak entries with incorrect language header

Suffix [Swedish]

Head templates: {{head|sv|suffix|g=f}} -ska f
  1. Signifies a female (particularly after professions and nationalities); -ess Tags: feminine, morpheme Related terms: -erska, -inna, fru, fröken, herr
    Sense id: en--ska-sv-suffix-93gl-YHb Categories (other): Swedish entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for -ska meaning in All languages combined (10.1kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "diminutive"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "-s",
        "3": "-kka",
        "alt2": "-(k)ka",
        "id1": "nominal"
      },
      "expansion": "-s + -(k)ka",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nProbably -s + -(k)ka.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-skä",
      "tags": [
        "front-vowel"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
        "11": "",
        "12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
        "13": "linguistic notation",
        "14": "-skA",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{comp}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{sup}}}",
        "2": "suffixes",
        "3": "front vowel harmony variant",
        "4": "-skä",
        "5": "",
        "6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
        "7": "",
        "8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "f3nolink": "1",
        "f4nolink": "1",
        "f5nolink": "1",
        "f6nolink": "1",
        "f7nolink": "1",
        "f8nolink": "1",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun",
        "var": "skä"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
      "name": "fi-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Finnish",
  "lang_code": "fi",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish terms suffixed with -kka",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "-ski"
        },
        {
          "word": "-sko"
        },
        {
          "word": "-sku"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms diminutive nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--ska-fi-suffix-Gjv15xH3",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "feminine"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "sv",
        "3": "-ska"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish -ska",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "sångare"
      },
      "expansion": "sångare",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "sångerska"
      },
      "expansion": "sångerska",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "major"
      },
      "expansion": "major",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "majorska"
      },
      "expansion": "majorska",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nBorrowed from Swedish -ska, as used in older Swedish as a suffix used to derive feminine nouns (such as sångare → sångerska, major → majorska).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-skä",
      "tags": [
        "front-vowel"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
        "11": "",
        "12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
        "13": "linguistic notation",
        "14": "-skA",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{comp}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{sup}}}",
        "2": "suffixes",
        "3": "front vowel harmony variant",
        "4": "-skä",
        "5": "",
        "6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
        "7": "",
        "8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "f3nolink": "1",
        "f4nolink": "1",
        "f5nolink": "1",
        "f6nolink": "1",
        "f7nolink": "1",
        "f8nolink": "1",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun",
        "var": "skä"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
      "name": "fi-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Finnish",
  "lang_code": "fi",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Virtanen + -ska → Virtaska",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "pastori + -ska → pastorska",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "kamreeri + -ska → kamreerska",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to transform husband's family name or title to a term for addressing or speaking of a married woman. Used especially with family names ending with -nen and titles ending -ri."
      ],
      "id": "en--ska-fi-suffix-MTTjseoM",
      "links": [
        [
          "-nen",
          "-nen#Finnish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(now humoristic) Used to transform husband's family name or title to a term for addressing or speaking of a married woman. Used especially with family names ending with -nen and titles ending -ri."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "colloquial",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dsb",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
  "lang_code": "dsb",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form the names of countries and regions"
      ],
      "id": "en--ska-dsb-suffix-zX-XhAB6",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-ska",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: -ska",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: -ska"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "л",
            "3": "-л-"
          },
          "expansion": "-л- (-l-)",
          "name": "m"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "-ська",
            "3": "-ська́",
            "4": ";",
            "5": "-ьска",
            "6": "-ьська́",
            "der": "1",
            "q3": "after <i class=\"Cyrl mention\" lang=\"uk\">-л-</i> (-l-)"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Ukrainian: -ська (-sʹka), -ська́ (-sʹká); (after -л- (-l-)) -ьска (-ʹska), -ьська́ (-ʹsʹká)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Ukrainian: -ська (-sʹka), -ська́ (-sʹká); (after -л- (-l-)) -ьска (-ʹska), -ьська́ (-ʹsʹká) (influenced)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rue",
            "2": "-ьска",
            "3": "-ьска́",
            "4": ";",
            "5": "-ска",
            "6": "-ска́",
            "der": "1",
            "q3": "after a labial consonant"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: -ьска (-ʹska), -ьска́ (-ʹská); (after a labial consonant) -ска (-ska), -ска́ (-ská)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: -ьска (-ʹska), -ьска́ (-ʹská); (after a labial consonant) -ска (-ska), -ска́ (-ská) (influenced)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ьskъ",
        "4": "*-ьskaja",
        "pos": "definite feminine relational adjective suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьskaja (definite feminine relational adjective suffix)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "-ská"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech -ská",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sk",
        "2": "-ská"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovak -ská",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "-ская"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian -ская (-skaja)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "-ска́я"
      },
      "expansion": "-ска́я (-skája)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Coalesced from Proto-Slavic *-ьskaja (definite feminine relational adjective suffix). Cognate with Czech -ská, Slovak -ská; Belarusian -ская (-skaja), -ска́я (-skája); etc.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ska"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 18 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-ski"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine nominative singular of -ski"
      ],
      "id": "en--ska-pl-suffix-Bd-KGP7i",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ski",
          "-ski#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "morpheme",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 18 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms surnames"
      ],
      "id": "en--ska-pl-suffix-ha7RV9Jf",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ska/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-a"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "ska"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "52 48",
      "word": "-cka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "52 48",
      "word": "-zka"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Fusion (phonetics)"
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ьskъ",
        "4": "*-ьska",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "genitive",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ьskъ",
        "4": "*-ьska",
        "pos": "genitive"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive)",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ska"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 18 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-sk"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "masculine genitive singular of -sk"
      ],
      "id": "en--ska-pl-suffix-2NGwtlWO",
      "links": [
        [
          "-sk",
          "-sk#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ska/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-a"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sk",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Slovak",
  "lang_code": "sk",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-sky"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine nominative singular of -sky"
      ],
      "id": "en--ska-sk-adj-7g5QucdE",
      "links": [
        [
          "-sky",
          "-sky#Slovak"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ska/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Signifies a female (particularly after professions and nationalities); -ess"
      ],
      "id": "en--ska-sv-suffix-93gl-YHb",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ess",
          "-ess#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "-erska"
        },
        {
          "word": "-inna"
        },
        {
          "word": "fru"
        },
        {
          "word": "fröken"
        },
        {
          "word": "herr"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Finnish archaic terms",
    "Finnish colloquialisms",
    "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Finnish lemmas",
    "Finnish noun-forming suffixes",
    "Finnish suffixes",
    "Finnish terms borrowed from Swedish",
    "Finnish terms derived from Swedish",
    "Finnish terms suffixed with -kka"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "-ski"
    },
    {
      "word": "-sko"
    },
    {
      "word": "-sku"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "diminutive"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "-s",
        "3": "-kka",
        "alt2": "-(k)ka",
        "id1": "nominal"
      },
      "expansion": "-s + -(k)ka",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nProbably -s + -(k)ka.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-skä",
      "tags": [
        "front-vowel"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
        "11": "",
        "12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
        "13": "linguistic notation",
        "14": "-skA",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{comp}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{sup}}}",
        "2": "suffixes",
        "3": "front vowel harmony variant",
        "4": "-skä",
        "5": "",
        "6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
        "7": "",
        "8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "f3nolink": "1",
        "f4nolink": "1",
        "f5nolink": "1",
        "f6nolink": "1",
        "f7nolink": "1",
        "f8nolink": "1",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun",
        "var": "skä"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
      "name": "fi-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Finnish",
  "lang_code": "fi",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms diminutive nouns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Finnish archaic terms",
    "Finnish colloquialisms",
    "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Finnish lemmas",
    "Finnish noun-forming suffixes",
    "Finnish suffixes",
    "Finnish terms borrowed from Swedish",
    "Finnish terms derived from Swedish"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "feminine"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "sv",
        "3": "-ska"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish -ska",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "sångare"
      },
      "expansion": "sångare",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "sångerska"
      },
      "expansion": "sångerska",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "major"
      },
      "expansion": "major",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "majorska"
      },
      "expansion": "majorska",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nBorrowed from Swedish -ska, as used in older Swedish as a suffix used to derive feminine nouns (such as sångare → sångerska, major → majorska).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-skä",
      "tags": [
        "front-vowel"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
        "11": "",
        "12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
        "13": "linguistic notation",
        "14": "-skA",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{comp}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{sup}}}",
        "2": "suffixes",
        "3": "front vowel harmony variant",
        "4": "-skä",
        "5": "",
        "6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
        "7": "",
        "8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "f3nolink": "1",
        "f4nolink": "1",
        "f5nolink": "1",
        "f6nolink": "1",
        "f7nolink": "1",
        "f8nolink": "1",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun",
        "var": "skä"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska (front vowel harmony variant -skä, linguistic notation -skA)",
      "name": "fi-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Finnish",
  "lang_code": "fi",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Virtanen + -ska → Virtaska",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "pastori + -ska → pastorska",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "kamreeri + -ska → kamreerska",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to transform husband's family name or title to a term for addressing or speaking of a married woman. Used especially with family names ending with -nen and titles ending -ri."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-nen",
          "-nen#Finnish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(now humoristic) Used to transform husband's family name or title to a term for addressing or speaking of a married woman. Used especially with family names ending with -nen and titles ending -ri."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "colloquial",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dsb",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
  "lang_code": "dsb",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Lower Sorbian feminine suffixes",
        "Lower Sorbian lemmas",
        "Lower Sorbian noun-forming suffixes",
        "Lower Sorbian suffixes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form the names of countries and regions"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish suffixes",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/a",
    "Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-ska",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: -ska",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: -ska"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "л",
            "3": "-л-"
          },
          "expansion": "-л- (-l-)",
          "name": "m"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "-ська",
            "3": "-ська́",
            "4": ";",
            "5": "-ьска",
            "6": "-ьська́",
            "der": "1",
            "q3": "after <i class=\"Cyrl mention\" lang=\"uk\">-л-</i> (-l-)"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Ukrainian: -ська (-sʹka), -ська́ (-sʹká); (after -л- (-l-)) -ьска (-ʹska), -ьська́ (-ʹsʹká)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Ukrainian: -ська (-sʹka), -ська́ (-sʹká); (after -л- (-l-)) -ьска (-ʹska), -ьська́ (-ʹsʹká) (influenced)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rue",
            "2": "-ьска",
            "3": "-ьска́",
            "4": ";",
            "5": "-ска",
            "6": "-ска́",
            "der": "1",
            "q3": "after a labial consonant"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: -ьска (-ʹska), -ьска́ (-ʹská); (after a labial consonant) -ска (-ska), -ска́ (-ská)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: -ьска (-ʹska), -ьска́ (-ʹská); (after a labial consonant) -ска (-ska), -ска́ (-ská) (influenced)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ьskъ",
        "4": "*-ьskaja",
        "pos": "definite feminine relational adjective suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьskaja (definite feminine relational adjective suffix)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "-ská"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech -ská",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sk",
        "2": "-ská"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovak -ská",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "-ская"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian -ская (-skaja)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "-ска́я"
      },
      "expansion": "-ска́я (-skája)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Coalesced from Proto-Slavic *-ьskaja (definite feminine relational adjective suffix). Cognate with Czech -ská, Slovak -ská; Belarusian -ская (-skaja), -ска́я (-skája); etc.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ska"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-ski"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine nominative singular of -ski"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ski",
          "-ski#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "morpheme",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forms surnames"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ska/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-a"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "ska"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "-cka"
    },
    {
      "word": "-zka"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Fusion (phonetics)"
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish suffixes",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Rhymes:Polish/a",
    "Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ьskъ",
        "4": "*-ьska",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "genitive",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ьskъ",
        "4": "*-ьska",
        "pos": "genitive"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive)",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьska (genitive).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ska"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-sk"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "masculine genitive singular of -sk"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-sk",
          "-sk#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ska/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-a"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sk",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Slovak",
  "lang_code": "sk",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Slovak 1-syllable words",
        "Slovak adjective forms",
        "Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
        "Slovak non-lemma forms",
        "Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-sky"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine nominative singular of -sky"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-sky",
          "-sky#Slovak"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ska/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-ska f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-erska"
    },
    {
      "word": "-inna"
    },
    {
      "word": "fru"
    },
    {
      "word": "fröken"
    },
    {
      "word": "herr"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Swedish feminine suffixes",
        "Swedish lemmas",
        "Swedish suffixes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Signifies a female (particularly after professions and nationalities); -ess"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ess",
          "-ess#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ska"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.