See -chen on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -chen meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "*-gcï",
"t": "agentive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *-gcï (“agentive suffix”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*-cïn"
},
"expansion": "*-cïn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "-гч"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian -гч (-gč)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "-чин"
},
"expansion": "-чин (-čin)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mongolic *-gcï (“agentive suffix”) and *-cïn. Compare Mongolian -гч (-gč), -чин (-čin).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dongxiang",
"lang_code": "sce",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dongxiang entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"progressive participle suffix"
],
"id": "en--chen-sce-suffix-fQzC48BV",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-san"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-ku"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"participle",
"progressive",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-t͡ʂʰən/"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-echen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -echen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-ichen"
},
"expansion": "-ichen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "*-ihīn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German *-ihīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*-uhīn"
},
"expansion": "*-uhīn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ukīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ukīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-lein"
},
"expansion": "-lein",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "German Low German -ken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-ke"
},
"expansion": "-ke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-tje"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -tje",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "-ken",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-kin"
},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -echen, -ichen, from Old High German *-ihīn, *-uhīn, from Proto-West Germanic *-ukīn.\nNative to the Central German dialects, -chen has widely replaced the southern-based -lein in standard usage. Cognate with German Low German -ken, -ke as well as Dutch -tje and -ken. More at -kin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-chens",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-chen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erchen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "-chens",
"5": "plural",
"6": "-chen",
"7": "or",
"8": "-erchen",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "diminutive suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-chen n (genitive -chens, plural -chen or -erchen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Hund (“dog”) + -chen → Hündchen (“little dog”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Backe (“cheek”) + -chen → Bäckchen (“little cheek”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Nicker (“nap”) + -chen → Nickerchen (“catnap”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nowadays the most common suffix to create a diminutive form"
],
"id": "en--chen-de-suffix-ZnVM~0iJ",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-lein"
},
{
"word": "-erl"
},
{
"word": "-i"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"in northern Germany and Westphalia"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"word": "-gen"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/çən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[çən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[çn̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[çɪn]"
},
{
"audio": "De--chen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/De--chen.ogg/De--chen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/De--chen.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ukīn"
},
"expansion": "*-ukīn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ik"
},
"expansion": "*-ik",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-uk"
},
"expansion": "*-uk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-īn",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "*-īn",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, a double diminutive, from *-ik, *-uk + *-īn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ercher",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cher",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-ercher",
"5": "or",
"6": "-cher",
"cat2": "diminutive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-chen (plural -ercher or -cher)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "eng Kaz (“a cat”) + -chen → eng Kätzchen (“a little cat, kitten”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"creates a diminutive noun"
],
"id": "en--chen-lb-suffix-JxB3dOh8",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-elchen"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/χen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕən]"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ċen"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ċen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-cen"
},
"expansion": "-cen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ċin"
},
"expansion": "-ċin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ukīn"
},
"expansion": "*-ukīn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ok",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "diminutive",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ok + -en (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ċen, -cen, -ċin, from Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, equivalent to -ok + -en (diminutive suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "diminutive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-chen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (diminutive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ok",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bulchin"
},
{
"text": "clouchin"
},
{
"text": "ticchen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix forming diminutives of nouns"
],
"id": "en--chen-enm-suffix-skKnVID6",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-chin"
},
{
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"word": "-kin"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "*-gcï",
"t": "agentive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *-gcï (“agentive suffix”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*-cïn"
},
"expansion": "*-cïn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "-гч"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian -гч (-gč)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "-чин"
},
"expansion": "-чин (-čin)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mongolic *-gcï (“agentive suffix”) and *-cïn. Compare Mongolian -гч (-gč), -чин (-čin).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dongxiang",
"lang_code": "sce",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-san"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-ku"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dongxiang entries with incorrect language header",
"Dongxiang lemmas",
"Dongxiang suffixes",
"Dongxiang terms derived from Proto-Mongolic",
"Dongxiang terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic",
"Dongxiang terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"progressive participle suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"participle",
"progressive",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-t͡ʂʰən/"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-echen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -echen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-ichen"
},
"expansion": "-ichen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "*-ihīn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German *-ihīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*-uhīn"
},
"expansion": "*-uhīn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ukīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ukīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-lein"
},
"expansion": "-lein",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "German Low German -ken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-ke"
},
"expansion": "-ke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-tje"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -tje",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "-ken",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-kin"
},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -echen, -ichen, from Old High German *-ihīn, *-uhīn, from Proto-West Germanic *-ukīn.\nNative to the Central German dialects, -chen has widely replaced the southern-based -lein in standard usage. Cognate with German Low German -ken, -ke as well as Dutch -tje and -ken. More at -kin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-chens",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-chen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erchen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "-chens",
"5": "plural",
"6": "-chen",
"7": "or",
"8": "-erchen",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "diminutive suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-chen n (genitive -chens, plural -chen or -erchen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-lein"
},
{
"word": "-erl"
},
{
"word": "-i"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German diminutive suffixes",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Hund (“dog”) + -chen → Hündchen (“little dog”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Backe (“cheek”) + -chen → Bäckchen (“little cheek”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Nicker (“nap”) + -chen → Nickerchen (“catnap”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nowadays the most common suffix to create a diminutive form"
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/çən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[çən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[çn̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[çɪn]"
},
{
"audio": "De--chen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/De--chen.ogg/De--chen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/De--chen.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"in northern Germany and Westphalia"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"word": "-gen"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ukīn"
},
"expansion": "*-ukīn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ik"
},
"expansion": "*-ik",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-uk"
},
"expansion": "*-uk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-īn",
"3": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "*-īn",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, a double diminutive, from *-ik, *-uk + *-īn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ercher",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cher",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-ercher",
"5": "or",
"6": "-cher",
"cat2": "diminutive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-chen (plural -ercher or -cher)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish 1-syllable words",
"Luxembourgish diminutive suffixes",
"Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Luxembourgish lemmas",
"Luxembourgish suffixes",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-West Germanic links with redundant alt parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "eng Kaz (“a cat”) + -chen → eng Kätzchen (“a little cat, kitten”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"creates a diminutive noun"
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/χen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕən]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-elchen"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ċen"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ċen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-cen"
},
"expansion": "-cen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ċin"
},
"expansion": "-ċin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ukīn"
},
"expansion": "*-ukīn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ok",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "diminutive",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ok + -en (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ċen, -cen, -ċin, from Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, equivalent to -ok + -en (diminutive suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "diminutive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-chen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English diminutive suffixes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English links with redundant target parameters",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (diminutive)",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ok"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bulchin"
},
{
"text": "clouchin"
},
{
"text": "ticchen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix forming diminutives of nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-chin"
},
{
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"word": "-kin"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.