See -chen on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": "xgn-pro",
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"t": "agentive suffix"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "-гч"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian -гч (-gč)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mongolic *-gcï (“agentive suffix”) and *-cïn. Compare Mongolian -гч (-gč), -чин (-čin).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chen",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Dongxiang",
"lang_code": "sce",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
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"categories": [
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{
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en--chen-sce-suffix-fQzC48BV",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
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"suffix"
],
"word": "-san"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-ku"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"participle",
"progressive",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-t͡ʂʰən/"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-echen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -echen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "*-ihīn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German *-ihīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ukīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ukīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "German Low German -ken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-tje"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -tje",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -echen, -ichen, from Old High German *-ihīn, *-uhīn, from Proto-West Germanic *-ukīn.\nNative to the Central German dialects, -chen has widely replaced the southern-based -lein in standard usage. Cognate with German Low German -ken, -ke as well as Dutch -tje and -ken. More at -kin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-chens",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-chen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erchen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "-chens",
"5": "plural",
"6": "-chen",
"7": "or",
"8": "-erchen",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "diminutive suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-chen n (genitive -chens, plural -chen or -erchen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Hund (“dog”) + -chen → Hündchen (“little dog”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Backe (“cheek”) + -chen → Bäckchen (“little cheek”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Nicker (“nap”) + -chen → Nickerchen (“catnap”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nowadays the most common suffix to create a diminutive form"
],
"id": "en--chen-de-suffix-ZnVM~0iJ",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-lein"
},
{
"word": "-erl"
},
{
"word": "-i"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"in northern Germany"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"word": "-gen"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/çən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[çən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[çn̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[çɪn]"
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/",
"note": "after fricatives like s. Never after a vowel or sonorant.",
"tags": [
"especially",
"variant"
]
},
{
"audio": "De--chen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/De--chen.ogg/De--chen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/De--chen.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, a double diminutive, from *-ik, *-uk + *-īn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ercher",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cher",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-ercher",
"5": "or",
"6": "-cher",
"cat2": "diminutive suffixes"
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"expansion": "-chen (plural -ercher or -cher)",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "eng Kaz (“a cat”) + -chen → eng Kätzchen (“a little cat, kitten”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"creates a diminutive noun"
],
"id": "en--chen-lb-suffix-JxB3dOh8",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-elchen"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/χen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕən]"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ċen"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ċen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ok",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "diminutive",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ok + -en (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ċen, -cen, -ċin, from Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, equivalent to -ok + -en (diminutive suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "diminutive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-chen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (diminutive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ok",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bulchin"
},
{
"text": "clouchin"
},
{
"text": "ticchen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix forming diminutives of nouns"
],
"id": "en--chen-enm-suffix-skKnVID6",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-chin"
},
{
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"word": "-kin"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "*-gcï",
"t": "agentive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *-gcï (“agentive suffix”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "-гч"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian -гч (-gč)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mongolic *-gcï (“agentive suffix”) and *-cïn. Compare Mongolian -гч (-gč), -чин (-čin).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dongxiang",
"lang_code": "sce",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"suffix"
],
"word": "-san"
},
{
"tags": [
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"suffix"
],
"word": "-ku"
}
],
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"categories": [
"Dongxiang entries with incorrect language header",
"Dongxiang lemmas",
"Dongxiang suffixes",
"Dongxiang terms derived from Proto-Mongolic",
"Dongxiang terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic",
"Dongxiang terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"progressive participle suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"participle",
"progressive",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-t͡ʂʰən/"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-echen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -echen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "*-ihīn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German *-ihīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ukīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ukīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "German Low German -ken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-tje"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -tje",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -echen, -ichen, from Old High German *-ihīn, *-uhīn, from Proto-West Germanic *-ukīn.\nNative to the Central German dialects, -chen has widely replaced the southern-based -lein in standard usage. Cognate with German Low German -ken, -ke as well as Dutch -tje and -ken. More at -kin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-chens",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-chen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erchen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "-chens",
"5": "plural",
"6": "-chen",
"7": "or",
"8": "-erchen",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "diminutive suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-chen n (genitive -chens, plural -chen or -erchen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-lein"
},
{
"word": "-erl"
},
{
"word": "-i"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German diminutive suffixes",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Hund (“dog”) + -chen → Hündchen (“little dog”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Backe (“cheek”) + -chen → Bäckchen (“little cheek”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Nicker (“nap”) + -chen → Nickerchen (“catnap”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nowadays the most common suffix to create a diminutive form"
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/çən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[çən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[çn̩]"
},
{
"other": "[n̩]"
},
{
"other": "[çɪn]"
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/",
"note": "after fricatives like s. Never after a vowel or sonorant.",
"tags": [
"especially",
"variant"
]
},
{
"audio": "De--chen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/De--chen.ogg/De--chen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/De--chen.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"in northern Germany"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"word": "-gen"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, a double diminutive, from *-ik, *-uk + *-īn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ercher",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cher",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-ercher",
"5": "or",
"6": "-cher",
"cat2": "diminutive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-chen (plural -ercher or -cher)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish diminutive suffixes",
"Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Luxembourgish lemmas",
"Luxembourgish suffixes",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "eng Kaz (“a cat”) + -chen → eng Kätzchen (“a little cat, kitten”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"creates a diminutive noun"
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/χen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕən]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-elchen"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ċen"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ċen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ok",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "diminutive",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ok + -en (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ċen, -cen, -ċin, from Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, equivalent to -ok + -en (diminutive suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "diminutive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-chen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English diminutive suffixes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (diminutive)",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ok",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bulchin"
},
{
"text": "clouchin"
},
{
"text": "ticchen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix forming diminutives of nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-chin"
},
{
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"word": "-kin"
}
],
"word": "-chen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -chen meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.