See 物化 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "Wherefore it has been said, \"The birth of the Sage is the will of God; his death is but a modification of existence. In repose, he shares the passivity of the Yin; in action, the energy of the Yang. He will have nothing to do with happiness, and so has nothing to do with misfortune...\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "gù yuē, shèngrén zhī shēng yě tiān xíng, qí sǐ yě wù huà; jìng ér yǔ yīn tóng dé, dòng ér yǔ yáng tóng bō; bù wéi fú xiān, bù wéi huò shǐ......",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "故曰，聖人之生也天行，其死也物化；靜而與陰同德，動而與陽同波；不為福先，不為禍始……",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Wherefore it has been said, \"The birth of the Sage is the will of God; his death is but a modification of existence. In repose, he shares the passivity of the Yin; in action, the energy of the Yang. He will have nothing to do with happiness, and so has nothing to do with misfortune...\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "gù yuē, shèngrén zhī shēng yě tiān xíng, qí sǐ yě wù huà; jìng ér yǔ yīn tóng dé, dòng ér yǔ yáng tóng bō; bù wéi fú xiān, bù wéi huò shǐ......",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "故曰，圣人之生也天行，其死也物化；静而与阴同德，动而与阳同波；不为福先，不为祸始……",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "; to die; to pass away\nDerived from the sense change of things, originating from Zhuangzi",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "物化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Once, Zhuang Zhou dreamed he was a butterfly, a butterfly flitting and fluttering around, happy with himself and doing as he pleased. He didn't know he was Zhuang Zhou. Suddenly he woke up and there he was, solid and unmistakable Zhuang Zhou. But he didn't know if he was Zhuang Zhou who had dreamt he was a butterfly, or a butterfly dreaming he was Zhuang Zhou. Between Zhuang Zhou and the butterfly there must be some distinction! This is called the Transformation of Things.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "Xī zhě Zhuāng Zhōu mèng wéi húdié, xǔxǔrán húdié yě, zìyù shì zhì yǔ. Bùzhī Zhōu yě. Érán jué, zé qúqúrán Zhōu yě. Bùzhī Zhōu zhī mèng wéi húdié yǔ, húdié zhī mèng wéi Zhōu yǔ. Zhōu yǔ húdié, zé bì yǒu fēn yǐ. Cǐ zhī wèi wùhuà.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "昔者莊周夢為胡蝶，栩栩然胡蝶也，自喻適志與。不知周也。俄然覺，則蘧蘧然周也。不知周之夢為胡蝶與，胡蝶之夢為周與。周與胡蝶，則必有分矣。此之謂物化。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Once, Zhuang Zhou dreamed he was a butterfly, a butterfly flitting and fluttering around, happy with himself and doing as he pleased. He didn't know he was Zhuang Zhou. Suddenly he woke up and there he was, solid and unmistakable Zhuang Zhou. But he didn't know if he was Zhuang Zhou who had dreamt he was a butterfly, or a butterfly dreaming he was Zhuang Zhou. Between Zhuang Zhou and the butterfly there must be some distinction! This is called the Transformation of Things.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "Xī zhě Zhuāng Zhōu mèng wéi húdié, xǔxǔrán húdié yě, zìyù shì zhì yǔ. Bùzhī Zhōu yě. Érán jué, zé qúqúrán Zhōu yě. Bùzhī Zhōu zhī mèng wéi húdié yǔ, húdié zhī mèng wéi Zhōu yǔ. Zhōu yǔ húdié, zé bì yǒu fēn yǐ. Cǐ zhī wèi wùhuà.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "昔者庄周梦为胡蝶，栩栩然胡蝶也，自喻适志与。不知周也。俄然觉，则蘧蘧然周也。不知周之梦为胡蝶与，胡蝶之梦为周与。周与胡蝶，则必有分矣。此之谓物化。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"change of things"
],
"id": "en-物化-zh-noun-OJv2AMKC",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) change of things"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"death"
],
"id": "en-物化-zh-noun-UsjgKYfM",
"links": [
[
"death",
"death"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, figurative, euphemistic) death"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"figuratively",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁶ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wu⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wù-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wuhhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ухуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "uxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "maht fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "med⁶ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjut xwaeH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Zhuangzi"
],
"word": "物化"
}
{
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "Wherefore it has been said, \"The birth of the Sage is the will of God; his death is but a modification of existence. In repose, he shares the passivity of the Yin; in action, the energy of the Yang. He will have nothing to do with happiness, and so has nothing to do with misfortune...\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "gù yuē, shèngrén zhī shēng yě tiān xíng, qí sǐ yě wù huà; jìng ér yǔ yīn tóng dé, dòng ér yǔ yáng tóng bō; bù wéi fú xiān, bù wéi huò shǐ......",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "故曰，聖人之生也天行，其死也物化；靜而與陰同德，動而與陽同波；不為福先，不為禍始……",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Wherefore it has been said, \"The birth of the Sage is the will of God; his death is but a modification of existence. In repose, he shares the passivity of the Yin; in action, the energy of the Yang. He will have nothing to do with happiness, and so has nothing to do with misfortune...\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "gù yuē, shèngrén zhī shēng yě tiān xíng, qí sǐ yě wù huà; jìng ér yǔ yīn tóng dé, dòng ér yǔ yáng tóng bō; bù wéi fú xiān, bù wéi huò shǐ......",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "故曰，圣人之生也天行，其死也物化；静而与阴同德，动而与阳同波；不为福先，不为祸始……",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "; to die; to pass away\nDerived from the sense change of things, originating from Zhuangzi",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "物化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 42 3 54 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "zh:Death",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In reply to his question as to where the old priest was, they informed him that their worthy teacher had been dead for some time.",
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1740 CE, Pu Songling, Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio",
"roman": "Nǎi wèn: “Lǎosēng yān wǎng?” Dá yún: “Wú shī nǎng yǐ wùhuà.”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "乃問：「老僧焉往？」答云：「吾師曩已物化。」",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "In reply to his question as to where the old priest was, they informed him that their worthy teacher had been dead for some time.",
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1740 CE, Pu Songling, Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio",
"roman": "Nǎi wèn: “Lǎosēng yān wǎng?” Dá yún: “Wú shī nǎng yǐ wùhuà.”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "乃问：「老僧焉往？」答云：「吾师曩已物化。」",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pass away"
],
"id": "en-物化-zh-verb-iwGIKGlg",
"links": [
[
"pass away",
"pass away"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, figurative, euphemistic) to pass away"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "xiàshì",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "下世"
},
{
"roman": "shàngtiān",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "上天"
},
{
"roman": "shànglù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "上路"
},
{
"roman": "bùzài",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "不在"
},
{
"roman": "bùxìng",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "不幸"
},
{
"english": "of military officers",
"roman": "bùlù",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "不祿"
},
{
"english": "of military officers",
"roman": "bùlù",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "不禄"
},
{
"word": "亡"
},
{
"roman": "wánggù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "亡故"
},
{
"roman": "xiānshì",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "仙逝"
},
{
"roman": "xiānyóu",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "仙遊"
},
{
"roman": "xiānyóu",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "仙游"
},
{
"roman": "zuògǔ",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "作古"
},
{
"roman": "zuòguǐ",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "做鬼"
},
{
"roman": "qīngshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "傾世"
},
{
"roman": "qīngshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "倾世"
},
{
"roman": "qīngwáng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "傾亡"
},
{
"roman": "qīngwáng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "倾亡"
},
{
"english": "of Buddhist monks",
"roman": "rùjì",
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"religion",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "入寂"
},
{
"english": "to die of old age",
"roman": "diāoxiè",
"word": "凋謝"
},
{
"english": "to die of old age",
"roman": "diāoxiè",
"word": "凋谢"
},
{
"roman": "huàqù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "化去"
},
{
"roman": "shēngtiān",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "升天"
},
{
"roman": "jíshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "即世"
},
{
"roman": "qùshì",
"word": "去世"
},
{
"roman": "héyǎn",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "合眼"
},
{
"roman": "sàngwáng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "喪亡"
},
{
"roman": "sàngwáng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "丧亡"
},
{
"roman": "sàngmìng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "喪命"
},
{
"roman": "sàngmìng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "丧命"
},
{
"roman": "sàngshēng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "喪生"
},
{
"roman": "sàngshēng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "丧生"
},
{
"roman": "wūhū",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "嗚呼"
},
{
"roman": "wūhū",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "呜呼"
},
{
"roman": "dysphemistic",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "嗝屁"
},
{
"roman": "yànqì",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "嚥氣"
},
{
"roman": "yànqì",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "咽气"
},
{
"roman": "huí lǎojiā",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"humorous"
],
"word": "回老家"
},
{
"english": "of Buddhist monks or nuns",
"roman": "yuánjì",
"word": "圓寂"
},
{
"english": "of Buddhist monks or nuns",
"roman": "yuánjì",
"word": "圆寂"
},
{
"roman": "shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "壽終正寢"
},
{
"roman": "shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "寿终正寝"
},
{
"roman": "shīqì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "失氣"
},
{
"roman": "shīqì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "失气"
},
{
"roman": "ānxī",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "安息"
},
{
"roman": "ānmián",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "安眠"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎo lǎbār chuī le",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "小喇叭兒吹了"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎo lǎbār chuī le",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "小喇叭儿吹了"
},
{
"english": "to die a martyr",
"roman": "jiùyì",
"word": "就義"
},
{
"english": "to die a martyr",
"roman": "jiùyì",
"word": "就义"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "bēng",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "崩"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "bēngcú",
"tags": [
"Classical",
"usually"
],
"word": "崩殂"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu",
"humorous",
"informal"
],
"word": "彈老三"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu",
"humorous",
"informal"
],
"word": "弹老三"
},
{
"roman": "wǎngshēng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "往生"
},
{
"roman": "hūrán",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "忽然"
},
{
"roman": "guà",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"slang"
],
"word": "掛"
},
{
"roman": "guà",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"slang"
],
"word": "挂"
},
{
"roman": "gù",
"word": "故"
},
{
"english": "chiefly of one's elders",
"roman": "gùshì",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "故世"
},
{
"english": "chiefly of one's elders",
"roman": "gùqù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "故去"
},
{
"roman": "bìmìng",
"tags": [
"pejorative"
],
"word": "斃命"
},
{
"roman": "bìmìng",
"tags": [
"pejorative"
],
"word": "毙命"
},
{
"roman": "zǎosǐ",
"word": "早死"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "yànjià",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "晏駕"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "yànjià",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "晏驾"
},
{
"roman": "kūsǐ",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "枯死"
},
{
"roman": "qìshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "棄世"
},
{
"roman": "qìshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "弃世"
},
{
"roman": "guītiān",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "歸天"
},
{
"roman": "guītiān",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "归天"
},
{
"roman": "guīxī",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "歸西"
},
{
"roman": "guīxī",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "归西"
},
{
"roman": "guī dàoshān",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "歸道山"
},
{
"roman": "guī dàoshān",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "归道山"
},
{
"roman": "sǐ",
"word": "死"
},
{
"roman": "sǐwáng",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "死亡"
},
{
"roman": "sǐrén",
"word": "死人"
},
{
"roman": "sǐqù",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "死去"
},
{
"roman": "sǐdiào",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "死掉"
},
{
"roman": "sǐqiàoqiào",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"informal"
],
"word": "死翹翹"
},
{
"roman": "sǐqiàoqiào",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"informal"
],
"word": "死翘翘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "死脫"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "死脱 (5shi-theq)"
},
{
"roman": "yǔn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "殞"
},
{
"roman": "yǔn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "殒"
},
{
"roman": "qìjué",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "氣絕"
},
{
"roman": "qìjué",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "气绝"
},
{
"roman": "yǒngmián",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"honorific"
],
"word": "永眠"
},
{
"roman": "mòshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "沒世"
},
{
"roman": "mòshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "没世"
},
{
"roman": "chénmián",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "沉眠"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "消忒"
},
{
"roman": "gǒudài",
"tags": [
"neologism",
"slang"
],
"word": "狗帶"
},
{
"roman": "gǒudài",
"tags": [
"neologism",
"slang"
],
"word": "狗带"
},
{
"roman": "bìmìng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"formal"
],
"word": "畢命"
},
{
"roman": "bìmìng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"formal"
],
"word": "毕命"
},
{
"english": "to die of illness",
"roman": "bìngwáng",
"word": "病亡"
},
{
"english": "to die of illness",
"roman": "bìnggù",
"word": "病故"
},
{
"english": "to die of illness",
"roman": "bìngsǐ",
"word": "病死"
},
{
"english": "to die of illness",
"roman": "bìngshì",
"word": "病逝"
},
{
"english": "of deaths in prison",
"roman": "yǔsǐ",
"word": "瘐死"
},
{
"english": "of the elderly",
"roman": "bǎiniánguīlǎo",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "百年歸老"
},
{
"english": "of the elderly",
"roman": "bǎiniánguīlǎo",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "百年归老"
},
{
"roman": "jìnmìng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "盡命"
},
{
"roman": "jìnmìng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "尽命"
},
{
"roman": "zhōng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "終"
},
{
"roman": "zhōng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "终"
},
{
"roman": "jué",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "絕"
},
{
"roman": "jué",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "绝"
},
{
"roman": "qiào biànzi",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"informal"
],
"word": "翹辮子"
},
{
"roman": "qiào biànzi",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"informal"
],
"word": "翘辫子"
},
{
"english": "of the elderly",
"roman": "lǎo le",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "老了"
},
{
"roman": "méngzhǔchǒngzhào",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
],
"word": "蒙主寵召"
},
{
"roman": "méngzhǔchǒngzhào",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
],
"word": "蒙主宠召"
},
{
"english": "of feudal lords or high officials",
"roman": "hōng",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "薨"
},
{
"english": "of feudal lords",
"roman": "hōngshì",
"word": "薨逝"
},
{
"english": "to be killed in a disaster, political incident",
"roman": "bèinàn",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "被難"
},
{
"english": "to be killed in a disaster, political incident",
"roman": "bèinàn",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "被难"
},
{
"english": "of one's parents or elders",
"roman": "jiànbèi",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "見背"
},
{
"english": "of one's parents or elders",
"roman": "jiànbèi",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "见背"
},
{
"roman": "jiàn Yánwáng",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "見閻王"
},
{
"roman": "jiàn Yánwáng",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "见阎王"
},
{
"roman": "jiàn Mǎkèsī",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"topics": [
"communism",
"ideology",
"politics",
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"government"
],
"word": "見馬克思"
},
{
"roman": "jiàn Mǎkèsī",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"topics": [
"communism",
"ideology",
"politics",
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"government"
],
"word": "见马克思"
},
{
"roman": "xièshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "謝世"
},
{
"roman": "xièshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "谢世"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "bīntiān",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "賓天"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "bīntiān",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "宾天"
},
{
"roman": "zǒu",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "走"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "走去踮"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"from unnatural causes"
],
"roman": "shēnwáng",
"tags": [
"formal",
"usually"
],
"word": "身亡"
},
{
"roman": "císhì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "辭世"
},
{
"roman": "císhì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "辞世"
},
{
"roman": "cíchén",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "辭塵"
},
{
"roman": "cíchén",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "辞尘"
},
{
"roman": "shìshì",
"word": "逝世"
},
{
"roman": "jìn guāncái",
"word": "進棺材"
},
{
"roman": "jìn guāncái",
"word": "进棺材"
},
{
"roman": "guòshì",
"word": "過世"
},
{
"roman": "guòshì",
"word": "过世"
},
{
"roman": "guòqù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "過去"
},
{
"roman": "guòqù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "过去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Teochew",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "過往"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Teochew",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "过往"
},
{
"roman": "guòshēn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "過身"
},
{
"roman": "guòshēn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "过身"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "過面"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "过面"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "長山賣鴨卵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "长山卖鸭卵"
},
{
"roman": "chángmián",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"honorific"
],
"word": "長眠"
},
{
"roman": "chángmián",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"honorific"
],
"word": "长眠"
},
{
"roman": "bìyǎn",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "閉眼"
},
{
"roman": "bìyǎn",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "闭眼"
},
{
"roman": "yǔnluò",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "隕落"
},
{
"roman": "yǔnluò",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "陨落"
},
{
"roman": "líshì",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "離世"
},
{
"roman": "líshì",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "离世"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "jiàbēng",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "駕崩"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "jiàbēng",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "驾崩"
},
{
"roman": "jiàhèxīqù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "駕鶴西去"
},
{
"roman": "jiàhèxīqù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "驾鹤西去"
},
{
"roman": "jiàhèxīyóu",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "駕鶴西遊"
},
{
"roman": "jiàhèxīyóu",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "驾鹤西游"
},
{
"english": "of an emperor",
"roman": "lóngyùshàngbīn",
"word": "龍馭上賓"
},
{
"english": "of an emperor",
"roman": "lóngyùshàngbīn",
"word": "龙驭上宾"
}
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"figuratively",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁶ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wu⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wù-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wuhhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ухуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "uxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "maht fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "med⁶ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjut xwaeH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Zhuangzi"
],
"word": "物化"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "物化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Psychology",
"orig": "zh:Psychology",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Sociology",
"orig": "zh:Sociology",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to objectify; reify"
],
"id": "en-物化-zh-verb-4cCrIndE",
"links": [
[
"sociology",
"sociology"
],
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"objectify",
"objectify"
],
[
"reify",
"reify"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sociology, psychology) to objectify; reify"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kètǐhuà",
"word": "客體化／客体化"
},
{
"roman": "duìxiànghuà",
"word": "對象化／对象化"
},
{
"roman": "kètǐhuà",
"word": "客體化"
},
{
"roman": "kètǐhuà",
"word": "客体化"
},
{
"roman": "duìxiànghuà",
"word": "對象化"
},
{
"roman": "duìxiànghuà",
"word": "对象化"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"psychology",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁶ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wu⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wù-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wuhhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ухуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "uxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "maht fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "med⁶ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjut xwaeH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
}
],
"word": "物化"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "物化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "wùlǐ huàxué, “physical chemistry”",
"word": "物理化學"
},
{
"extra": "wùlǐ huàxué, “physical chemistry”",
"word": "物理化学"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 1 70 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 61 24 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 76 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 物理化學／物理化学 (wùlǐ huàxué, “physical chemistry”)."
],
"id": "en-物化-zh-noun-LEevPfCw",
"links": [
[
"物理化學",
"物理化學#Chinese"
],
[
"物理化学",
"物理化学#Chinese"
],
[
"physical chemistry",
"physical chemistry"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁶ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wu⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wù-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wuhhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ухуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "uxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "maht fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "med⁶ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjut xwaeH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
}
],
"word": "物化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 物",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Death"
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "Wherefore it has been said, \"The birth of the Sage is the will of God; his death is but a modification of existence. In repose, he shares the passivity of the Yin; in action, the energy of the Yang. He will have nothing to do with happiness, and so has nothing to do with misfortune...\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "gù yuē, shèngrén zhī shēng yě tiān xíng, qí sǐ yě wù huà; jìng ér yǔ yīn tóng dé, dòng ér yǔ yáng tóng bō; bù wéi fú xiān, bù wéi huò shǐ......",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "故曰，聖人之生也天行，其死也物化；靜而與陰同德，動而與陽同波；不為福先，不為禍始……",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Wherefore it has been said, \"The birth of the Sage is the will of God; his death is but a modification of existence. In repose, he shares the passivity of the Yin; in action, the energy of the Yang. He will have nothing to do with happiness, and so has nothing to do with misfortune...\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "gù yuē, shèngrén zhī shēng yě tiān xíng, qí sǐ yě wù huà; jìng ér yǔ yīn tóng dé, dòng ér yǔ yáng tóng bō; bù wéi fú xiān, bù wéi huò shǐ......",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "故曰，圣人之生也天行，其死也物化；静而与阴同德，动而与阳同波；不为福先，不为祸始……",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "; to die; to pass away\nDerived from the sense change of things, originating from Zhuangzi",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "物化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese literary terms",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Once, Zhuang Zhou dreamed he was a butterfly, a butterfly flitting and fluttering around, happy with himself and doing as he pleased. He didn't know he was Zhuang Zhou. Suddenly he woke up and there he was, solid and unmistakable Zhuang Zhou. But he didn't know if he was Zhuang Zhou who had dreamt he was a butterfly, or a butterfly dreaming he was Zhuang Zhou. Between Zhuang Zhou and the butterfly there must be some distinction! This is called the Transformation of Things.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "Xī zhě Zhuāng Zhōu mèng wéi húdié, xǔxǔrán húdié yě, zìyù shì zhì yǔ. Bùzhī Zhōu yě. Érán jué, zé qúqúrán Zhōu yě. Bùzhī Zhōu zhī mèng wéi húdié yǔ, húdié zhī mèng wéi Zhōu yǔ. Zhōu yǔ húdié, zé bì yǒu fēn yǐ. Cǐ zhī wèi wùhuà.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "昔者莊周夢為胡蝶，栩栩然胡蝶也，自喻適志與。不知周也。俄然覺，則蘧蘧然周也。不知周之夢為胡蝶與，胡蝶之夢為周與。周與胡蝶，則必有分矣。此之謂物化。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Once, Zhuang Zhou dreamed he was a butterfly, a butterfly flitting and fluttering around, happy with himself and doing as he pleased. He didn't know he was Zhuang Zhou. Suddenly he woke up and there he was, solid and unmistakable Zhuang Zhou. But he didn't know if he was Zhuang Zhou who had dreamt he was a butterfly, or a butterfly dreaming he was Zhuang Zhou. Between Zhuang Zhou and the butterfly there must be some distinction! This is called the Transformation of Things.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "Xī zhě Zhuāng Zhōu mèng wéi húdié, xǔxǔrán húdié yě, zìyù shì zhì yǔ. Bùzhī Zhōu yě. Érán jué, zé qúqúrán Zhōu yě. Bùzhī Zhōu zhī mèng wéi húdié yǔ, húdié zhī mèng wéi Zhōu yǔ. Zhōu yǔ húdié, zé bì yǒu fēn yǐ. Cǐ zhī wèi wùhuà.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "昔者庄周梦为胡蝶，栩栩然胡蝶也，自喻适志与。不知周也。俄然觉，则蘧蘧然周也。不知周之梦为胡蝶与，胡蝶之梦为周与。周与胡蝶，则必有分矣。此之谓物化。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"change of things"
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) change of things"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese euphemisms",
"Chinese literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"death"
],
"links": [
[
"death",
"death"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, figurative, euphemistic) death"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"figuratively",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁶ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wu⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wù-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wuhhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ухуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "uxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "maht fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "med⁶ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjut xwaeH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Zhuangzi"
],
"word": "物化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 物",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Death"
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "Wherefore it has been said, \"The birth of the Sage is the will of God; his death is but a modification of existence. In repose, he shares the passivity of the Yin; in action, the energy of the Yang. He will have nothing to do with happiness, and so has nothing to do with misfortune...\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "gù yuē, shèngrén zhī shēng yě tiān xíng, qí sǐ yě wù huà; jìng ér yǔ yīn tóng dé, dòng ér yǔ yáng tóng bō; bù wéi fú xiān, bù wéi huò shǐ......",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "故曰，聖人之生也天行，其死也物化；靜而與陰同德，動而與陽同波；不為福先，不為禍始……",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Wherefore it has been said, \"The birth of the Sage is the will of God; his death is but a modification of existence. In repose, he shares the passivity of the Yin; in action, the energy of the Yang. He will have nothing to do with happiness, and so has nothing to do with misfortune...\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "gù yuē, shèngrén zhī shēng yě tiān xíng, qí sǐ yě wù huà; jìng ér yǔ yīn tóng dé, dòng ér yǔ yáng tóng bō; bù wéi fú xiān, bù wéi huò shǐ......",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "故曰，圣人之生也天行，其死也物化；静而与阴同德，动而与阳同波；不为福先，不为祸始……",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "; to die; to pass away\nDerived from the sense change of things, originating from Zhuangzi",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "物化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese euphemisms",
"Chinese literary terms",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In reply to his question as to where the old priest was, they informed him that their worthy teacher had been dead for some time.",
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1740 CE, Pu Songling, Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio",
"roman": "Nǎi wèn: “Lǎosēng yān wǎng?” Dá yún: “Wú shī nǎng yǐ wùhuà.”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "乃問：「老僧焉往？」答云：「吾師曩已物化。」",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "In reply to his question as to where the old priest was, they informed him that their worthy teacher had been dead for some time.",
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1740 CE, Pu Songling, Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio",
"roman": "Nǎi wèn: “Lǎosēng yān wǎng?” Dá yún: “Wú shī nǎng yǐ wùhuà.”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "乃问：「老僧焉往？」答云：「吾师曩已物化。」",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pass away"
],
"links": [
[
"pass away",
"pass away"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, figurative, euphemistic) to pass away"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"figuratively",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁶ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wu⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wù-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wuhhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ухуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "uxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "maht fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "med⁶ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjut xwaeH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "xiàshì",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "下世"
},
{
"roman": "shàngtiān",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "上天"
},
{
"roman": "shànglù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "上路"
},
{
"roman": "bùzài",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "不在"
},
{
"roman": "bùxìng",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "不幸"
},
{
"english": "of military officers",
"roman": "bùlù",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "不祿"
},
{
"english": "of military officers",
"roman": "bùlù",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "不禄"
},
{
"word": "亡"
},
{
"roman": "wánggù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "亡故"
},
{
"roman": "xiānshì",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "仙逝"
},
{
"roman": "xiānyóu",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "仙遊"
},
{
"roman": "xiānyóu",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "仙游"
},
{
"roman": "zuògǔ",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "作古"
},
{
"roman": "zuòguǐ",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "做鬼"
},
{
"roman": "qīngshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "傾世"
},
{
"roman": "qīngshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "倾世"
},
{
"roman": "qīngwáng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "傾亡"
},
{
"roman": "qīngwáng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "倾亡"
},
{
"english": "of Buddhist monks",
"roman": "rùjì",
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"religion",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "入寂"
},
{
"english": "to die of old age",
"roman": "diāoxiè",
"word": "凋謝"
},
{
"english": "to die of old age",
"roman": "diāoxiè",
"word": "凋谢"
},
{
"roman": "huàqù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "化去"
},
{
"roman": "shēngtiān",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "升天"
},
{
"roman": "jíshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "即世"
},
{
"roman": "qùshì",
"word": "去世"
},
{
"roman": "héyǎn",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "合眼"
},
{
"roman": "sàngwáng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "喪亡"
},
{
"roman": "sàngwáng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "丧亡"
},
{
"roman": "sàngmìng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "喪命"
},
{
"roman": "sàngmìng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "丧命"
},
{
"roman": "sàngshēng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "喪生"
},
{
"roman": "sàngshēng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "丧生"
},
{
"roman": "wūhū",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "嗚呼"
},
{
"roman": "wūhū",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "呜呼"
},
{
"roman": "dysphemistic",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "嗝屁"
},
{
"roman": "yànqì",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "嚥氣"
},
{
"roman": "yànqì",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "咽气"
},
{
"roman": "huí lǎojiā",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"humorous"
],
"word": "回老家"
},
{
"english": "of Buddhist monks or nuns",
"roman": "yuánjì",
"word": "圓寂"
},
{
"english": "of Buddhist monks or nuns",
"roman": "yuánjì",
"word": "圆寂"
},
{
"roman": "shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "壽終正寢"
},
{
"roman": "shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "寿终正寝"
},
{
"roman": "shīqì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "失氣"
},
{
"roman": "shīqì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "失气"
},
{
"roman": "ānxī",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "安息"
},
{
"roman": "ānmián",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "安眠"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎo lǎbār chuī le",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "小喇叭兒吹了"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎo lǎbār chuī le",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "小喇叭儿吹了"
},
{
"english": "to die a martyr",
"roman": "jiùyì",
"word": "就義"
},
{
"english": "to die a martyr",
"roman": "jiùyì",
"word": "就义"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "bēng",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "崩"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "bēngcú",
"tags": [
"Classical",
"usually"
],
"word": "崩殂"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu",
"humorous",
"informal"
],
"word": "彈老三"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu",
"humorous",
"informal"
],
"word": "弹老三"
},
{
"roman": "wǎngshēng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "往生"
},
{
"roman": "hūrán",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "忽然"
},
{
"roman": "guà",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"slang"
],
"word": "掛"
},
{
"roman": "guà",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"slang"
],
"word": "挂"
},
{
"roman": "gù",
"word": "故"
},
{
"english": "chiefly of one's elders",
"roman": "gùshì",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "故世"
},
{
"english": "chiefly of one's elders",
"roman": "gùqù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "故去"
},
{
"roman": "bìmìng",
"tags": [
"pejorative"
],
"word": "斃命"
},
{
"roman": "bìmìng",
"tags": [
"pejorative"
],
"word": "毙命"
},
{
"roman": "zǎosǐ",
"word": "早死"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "yànjià",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "晏駕"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "yànjià",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "晏驾"
},
{
"roman": "kūsǐ",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "枯死"
},
{
"roman": "qìshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "棄世"
},
{
"roman": "qìshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "弃世"
},
{
"roman": "guītiān",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "歸天"
},
{
"roman": "guītiān",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "归天"
},
{
"roman": "guīxī",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "歸西"
},
{
"roman": "guīxī",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "归西"
},
{
"roman": "guī dàoshān",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "歸道山"
},
{
"roman": "guī dàoshān",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "归道山"
},
{
"roman": "sǐ",
"word": "死"
},
{
"roman": "sǐwáng",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "死亡"
},
{
"roman": "sǐrén",
"word": "死人"
},
{
"roman": "sǐqù",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "死去"
},
{
"roman": "sǐdiào",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "死掉"
},
{
"roman": "sǐqiàoqiào",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"informal"
],
"word": "死翹翹"
},
{
"roman": "sǐqiàoqiào",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"informal"
],
"word": "死翘翘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "死脫"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "死脱 (5shi-theq)"
},
{
"roman": "yǔn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "殞"
},
{
"roman": "yǔn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "殒"
},
{
"roman": "qìjué",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "氣絕"
},
{
"roman": "qìjué",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "气绝"
},
{
"roman": "yǒngmián",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"honorific"
],
"word": "永眠"
},
{
"roman": "mòshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "沒世"
},
{
"roman": "mòshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "没世"
},
{
"roman": "chénmián",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "沉眠"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "消忒"
},
{
"roman": "gǒudài",
"tags": [
"neologism",
"slang"
],
"word": "狗帶"
},
{
"roman": "gǒudài",
"tags": [
"neologism",
"slang"
],
"word": "狗带"
},
{
"roman": "bìmìng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"formal"
],
"word": "畢命"
},
{
"roman": "bìmìng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"formal"
],
"word": "毕命"
},
{
"english": "to die of illness",
"roman": "bìngwáng",
"word": "病亡"
},
{
"english": "to die of illness",
"roman": "bìnggù",
"word": "病故"
},
{
"english": "to die of illness",
"roman": "bìngsǐ",
"word": "病死"
},
{
"english": "to die of illness",
"roman": "bìngshì",
"word": "病逝"
},
{
"english": "of deaths in prison",
"roman": "yǔsǐ",
"word": "瘐死"
},
{
"english": "of the elderly",
"roman": "bǎiniánguīlǎo",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "百年歸老"
},
{
"english": "of the elderly",
"roman": "bǎiniánguīlǎo",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "百年归老"
},
{
"roman": "jìnmìng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "盡命"
},
{
"roman": "jìnmìng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "尽命"
},
{
"roman": "zhōng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "終"
},
{
"roman": "zhōng",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "终"
},
{
"roman": "jué",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "絕"
},
{
"roman": "jué",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "绝"
},
{
"roman": "qiào biànzi",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"informal"
],
"word": "翹辮子"
},
{
"roman": "qiào biànzi",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"informal"
],
"word": "翘辫子"
},
{
"english": "of the elderly",
"roman": "lǎo le",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "老了"
},
{
"roman": "méngzhǔchǒngzhào",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
],
"word": "蒙主寵召"
},
{
"roman": "méngzhǔchǒngzhào",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
],
"word": "蒙主宠召"
},
{
"english": "of feudal lords or high officials",
"roman": "hōng",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "薨"
},
{
"english": "of feudal lords",
"roman": "hōngshì",
"word": "薨逝"
},
{
"english": "to be killed in a disaster, political incident",
"roman": "bèinàn",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "被難"
},
{
"english": "to be killed in a disaster, political incident",
"roman": "bèinàn",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "被难"
},
{
"english": "of one's parents or elders",
"roman": "jiànbèi",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "見背"
},
{
"english": "of one's parents or elders",
"roman": "jiànbèi",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "见背"
},
{
"roman": "jiàn Yánwáng",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "見閻王"
},
{
"roman": "jiàn Yánwáng",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "见阎王"
},
{
"roman": "jiàn Mǎkèsī",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"topics": [
"communism",
"ideology",
"politics",
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"government"
],
"word": "見馬克思"
},
{
"roman": "jiàn Mǎkèsī",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"topics": [
"communism",
"ideology",
"politics",
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"government"
],
"word": "见马克思"
},
{
"roman": "xièshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "謝世"
},
{
"roman": "xièshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "谢世"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "bīntiān",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "賓天"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "bīntiān",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "宾天"
},
{
"roman": "zǒu",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "走"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "走去踮"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"from unnatural causes"
],
"roman": "shēnwáng",
"tags": [
"formal",
"usually"
],
"word": "身亡"
},
{
"roman": "císhì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "辭世"
},
{
"roman": "císhì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "辞世"
},
{
"roman": "cíchén",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "辭塵"
},
{
"roman": "cíchén",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"literary"
],
"word": "辞尘"
},
{
"roman": "shìshì",
"word": "逝世"
},
{
"roman": "jìn guāncái",
"word": "進棺材"
},
{
"roman": "jìn guāncái",
"word": "进棺材"
},
{
"roman": "guòshì",
"word": "過世"
},
{
"roman": "guòshì",
"word": "过世"
},
{
"roman": "guòqù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "過去"
},
{
"roman": "guòqù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "过去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Teochew",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "過往"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Teochew",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "过往"
},
{
"roman": "guòshēn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "過身"
},
{
"roman": "guòshēn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "过身"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "過面"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "过面"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "長山賣鴨卵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "长山卖鸭卵"
},
{
"roman": "chángmián",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"honorific"
],
"word": "長眠"
},
{
"roman": "chángmián",
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"honorific"
],
"word": "长眠"
},
{
"roman": "bìyǎn",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "閉眼"
},
{
"roman": "bìyǎn",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "闭眼"
},
{
"roman": "yǔnluò",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "隕落"
},
{
"roman": "yǔnluò",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "陨落"
},
{
"roman": "líshì",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "離世"
},
{
"roman": "líshì",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "离世"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "jiàbēng",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "駕崩"
},
{
"english": "of a king, emperor, monarch",
"roman": "jiàbēng",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "驾崩"
},
{
"roman": "jiàhèxīqù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "駕鶴西去"
},
{
"roman": "jiàhèxīqù",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "驾鹤西去"
},
{
"roman": "jiàhèxīyóu",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "駕鶴西遊"
},
{
"roman": "jiàhèxīyóu",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "驾鹤西游"
},
{
"english": "of an emperor",
"roman": "lóngyùshàngbīn",
"word": "龍馭上賓"
},
{
"english": "of an emperor",
"roman": "lóngyùshàngbīn",
"word": "龙驭上宾"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Zhuangzi"
],
"word": "物化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 物",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Death"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "物化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Psychology",
"zh:Sociology"
],
"glosses": [
"to objectify; reify"
],
"links": [
[
"sociology",
"sociology"
],
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"objectify",
"objectify"
],
[
"reify",
"reify"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sociology, psychology) to objectify; reify"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"psychology",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁶ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wu⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wù-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wuhhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ухуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "uxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "maht fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "med⁶ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjut xwaeH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kètǐhuà",
"word": "客體化／客体化"
},
{
"roman": "duìxiànghuà",
"word": "對象化／对象化"
},
{
"roman": "kètǐhuà",
"word": "客體化"
},
{
"roman": "kètǐhuà",
"word": "客体化"
},
{
"roman": "duìxiànghuà",
"word": "對象化"
},
{
"roman": "duìxiànghuà",
"word": "对象化"
}
],
"word": "物化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 物",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Death"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "物化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "wùlǐ huàxué, “physical chemistry”",
"word": "物理化學"
},
{
"extra": "wùlǐ huàxué, “physical chemistry”",
"word": "物理化学"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese short forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 物理化學／物理化学 (wùlǐ huàxué, “physical chemistry”)."
],
"links": [
[
"物理化學",
"物理化學#Chinese"
],
[
"物理化学",
"物理化学#Chinese"
],
[
"physical chemistry",
"physical chemistry"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁶ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wùhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wu⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wù-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wuhhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ухуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "uxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "maht fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mat⁹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "med⁶ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjut xwaeH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐt̚² faː³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*C.mut qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*mɯd hŋʷraːls/"
}
],
"word": "物化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 物化 meaning in All languages combined (28.3kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"物化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "物化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"物化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "物化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"物化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "物化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.