See 凌 on Wiktionary
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"凌 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一土金水 (IMGCE), four-corner 3414₇, composition ⿰冫夌)"
],
"id": "en-凌-mul-character-lvXYR9sW",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"冫",
"冫#Translingual"
],
[
"夌",
"夌#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "凌"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "仗勢凌人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnlíng",
"word": "侵凌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "倚強凌弱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "傲雪凌霜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "冬凌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bīnglíng",
"word": "冰凌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língluàn",
"word": "凌亂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌亂不堪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língrén",
"word": "凌人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌兢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌凌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凍凌觜臉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "冻凌觜脸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "línglì",
"word": "凌厲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌厲攻勢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌厉攻势"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língyí",
"word": "凌夷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Língjiāhú",
"word": "凌家湖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌持"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língrì",
"word": "凌日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língchén",
"word": "凌晨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língbào",
"word": "凌暴"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌替"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌歷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língxùn",
"word": "凌汛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língbō",
"word": "凌波"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌波仙子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌波微步"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌波殿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌波舞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌波襪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌災"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌煙閣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌烟阁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌眼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língkōng",
"word": "凌空"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌籍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌藉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língnüè",
"word": "凌虐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌虛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌躐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌轢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língrǔ",
"word": "凌辱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌迸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língbī",
"word": "凌逼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língchí",
"word": "凌遲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌遲碎剮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌迟碎剐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌遲處死"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌迟处死"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌錐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌陰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língyún",
"word": "凌雲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌雲健筆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌云健笔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌雲壯志"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌云壮志"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língxiāo",
"word": "凌霄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌霄殿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língxiāohuā",
"word": "凌霄花"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌風"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "língjià",
"word": "凌駕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zhuàngzhìlíngyún",
"word": "壯志凌雲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zhuàngzhìlíngyún",
"word": "壮志凌云"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "奚凌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "志氣凌雲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "志气凌云"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "恃勢凌人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shìqiánglíngruò",
"word": "恃強凌弱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "撞凌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qīlíng",
"word": "欺凌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "氣凌霄漢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "气凌霄汉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "畏強凌弱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shèngqìlíngrén",
"word": "盛氣凌人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "貴不凌賤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "贵不凌贱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "金星凌日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bàlíng",
"word": "霸凌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "駕凌"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *rɯŋ"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯŋ)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "仌",
"2": "夌",
"alt1": "冫",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc",
"t1": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ)",
"name": "Han compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*r-p(w)am",
"4": "",
"5": "to freeze; snow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凌",
"tr": "*p.rəŋ ~ rəŋ"
},
"expansion": "凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "冰",
"tr": "*p.rəŋ"
},
"expansion": "冰 (OC *p.rəŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "雱",
"tr": "*pʰˁaŋ"
},
"expansion": "雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "霙",
"2": "*ʔraŋ"
},
"expansion": "霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凝",
"tr": "ŋ(r)əŋ"
},
"expansion": "凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"
},
"expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-tan-pro",
"2": "*pam",
"3": "",
"4": "snow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-jap",
"2": "jpɣom",
"3": "",
"4": "to freeze"
},
"expansion": "Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019"
},
"expansion": "Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "冰",
"tr": "*prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?"
},
"expansion": "冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凌",
"tr": "*b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ"
},
"expansion": "凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "ប្រិង៑",
"t": "to harden; to solidify"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler, 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).\nFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).\n:Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) \"heavy snowfall\", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) \"snowflake, sleet\", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) \"to congeal\" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);\n:Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).\nAlternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”) from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "淩",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Traditional-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "夌",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凌",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ice"
],
"id": "en-凌-zh-character-TLCyUMYl",
"links": [
[
"ice",
"ice"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "alt. forms: 陵 (líng)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rise high; to go up; to climb over; to traverse"
],
"id": "en-凌-zh-character-eyZ1qXyJ",
"links": [
[
"rise",
"rise"
],
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"go up",
"go up"
],
[
"climb",
"climb"
],
[
"traverse",
"traverse"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "alt. forms: 陵 (líng)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to place oneself above; to override; to transgress"
],
"id": "en-凌-zh-character-D5BTc~OX",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"override",
"override"
],
[
"transgress",
"transgress"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to ride (wind, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-凌-zh-character-DW2Ds1-V",
"links": [
[
"ride",
"ride"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "alt. forms: 陵 (líng)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade"
],
"id": "en-凌-zh-character-aHZoOLaM",
"links": [
[
"bully",
"bully"
],
[
"humiliate",
"humiliate"
],
[
"insult",
"insult"
],
[
"encroach",
"encroach"
],
[
"invade",
"invade"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to risk; to brave"
],
"id": "en-凌-zh-character-z0704eMo",
"links": [
[
"risk",
"risk"
],
[
"brave",
"brave"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 24 7 0 8 0 38 5 4 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 6 6 0 4 0 59 8 9 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 18 12 0 5 0 32 6 11 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 8 4 0 3 0 60 4 3 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Min hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 2 0 0 0 85 1 2 7 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 2 0 1 0 84 1 3 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 5 0 5 0 45 8 3 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 8 3 0 3 0 61 6 2 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to approach; to draw near; to close in on"
],
"id": "en-凌-zh-character-i1lY30cp",
"links": [
[
"approach",
"approach"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
],
[
"close in on",
"close in on"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to tremble"
],
"id": "en-凌-zh-character-BFI~l1~~",
"links": [
[
"tremble",
"tremble"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"disorderly; messy"
],
"id": "en-凌-zh-character-Fr--xnER",
"links": [
[
"disorderly",
"disorderly"
],
[
"messy",
"messy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "Ling Mengchu (Ming dynasty Chinese writer)",
"roman": "Líng Méngchū",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "凌濛初",
"translation": "Ling Mengchu (Ming dynasty Chinese writer)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-凌-zh-character-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "líng (ling²)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˊ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "ling⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "len³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "lìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "lin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "lin²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "lìng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ling²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "leng²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "lêng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "líng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "líng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "ling²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "líng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "ling"
},
{
"roman": "lin",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "лин"
},
{
"ipa": "/liŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "ling⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lìhng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ling⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "ling⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪŋ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Taicheng",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "len³"
},
{
"ipa": "/len²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Taicheng",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "lìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "lin^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "lin²"
},
{
"ipa": "/lin¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "lin"
},
{
"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "lin²"
},
{
"ipa": "/lin¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "lìng"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̃iŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ling²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "líng"
},
{
"ipa": "/liŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ling²"
},
{
"ipa": "/liŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "leng²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "léng"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɛŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "leng²"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɛŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lîng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "leeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪŋ²³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "lêng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lêng"
},
{
"ipa": "/leŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "ling"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Baxter-Sagart"
],
"zh_pron": "/*[r]əŋ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Baxter-Sagart"
],
"zh_pron": "/*p.rəŋ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*rɯŋ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"formal",
"Written-vernacular-Chinese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Chifeng"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Chifeng"
],
"word": "冰冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Hulunbuir",
"Hailar"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Harbin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Wuchang",
"Yingchengzi"
],
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Shenyang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Shenyang"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Olginsky",
"Mikhaylovka"
],
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Tianjin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Tangshan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Cangzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Baoding"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Shijiazhuang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Weifang",
"Weicheng"
],
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Weifang",
"Fangzi"
],
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Changle"
],
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Shouguang"
],
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Rizhao"
],
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Wulian"
],
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin",
"Yantai",
"Muping"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin",
"Qingdao"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Weifang",
"Hanting"
],
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Changyi"
],
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Gaomi"
],
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin",
"Zhucheng"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Anqiu"
],
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Linqu"
],
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Qingzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "冰凌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Wanrong"
],
"word": "冬凌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Zhengzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Dingbian"
],
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Xining"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Xuzhou"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Xuzhou"
],
"word": "冰冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Xuzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Qimen",
"Anling",
"Junhua"
],
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Lanyin-Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Lanyin-Mandarin",
"Lanzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Lanyin-Mandarin",
"Lanzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Lanyin-Mandarin",
"Ürümqi"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "凌冰兒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Muli"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凌冰子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chongqing"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chongqing"
],
"word": "凌冰兒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Guiyang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"in nature"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Guiyang"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Kunming"
],
"word": "冰凌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Pingle"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Luzhai"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Wuming"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Nanning"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Binyang",
"Nanjie"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Hechi",
"Yizhou"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Luocheng"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Dongmen"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Tianlin",
"Langping"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Xiangzhou",
"Nalu"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Reshuitang",
"Longling"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Mae Salong",
"Lancang"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Mae Sai",
"Tengchong"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Oudomxay"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰棒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Nantong"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Hefei"
],
"word": "冰凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Hefei"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Chuzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Hong'an"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "雪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "雪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong",
"San Tin",
"Weitou"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong",
"Ting Kok"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong",
"Tung Ping Chau"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Chongkoumen",
"Nanlang",
"Tanka"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Chongkoumen",
"Nanlang",
"Tanka"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "雪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Guanghai"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Guanghai"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "雪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Wuzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Yulin"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Hepu",
"Lianzhou"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Hepu",
"Shatian"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Guiping",
"Jintian"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Guiping",
"Jiangkou"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Guiping",
"Madong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Beiliu"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Baise"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Qinzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Qinzhou",
"Changtan"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Qinzhou",
"Xiniujiao"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Beihai"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Beihai",
"Nankang"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Beihai",
"Yingpan"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Beihai",
"Qiaogang - Cô Tô"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Beihai",
"Qiaogang - Cát Bà"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Fangchenggang",
"Fangcheng"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Chongzuo",
"Laituan"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Chongzuo",
"Laituan"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"dated"
],
"word": "霜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Fusui",
"Qujiu"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Fusui",
"Qujiu"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"dated"
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Lingchuan",
"Yangjia"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Danzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Sanya",
"Yanglan",
"Maihua"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Kuala Lumpur"
],
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"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Singapore",
"Guangfu"
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"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Ho Chi Minh City"
],
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"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Móng Cái"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Yangon"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Mandalay"
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"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Nanchang"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Pengze"
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"tags": [
"Gan"
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Hekou"
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"Gan"
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Lichuan"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Gan",
"Pingxiang"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Pingxiang"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Hakka",
"Meixian"
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Hakka"
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},
{
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"Daling"
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"Hakka"
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Dongguan",
"Qingxi"
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},
{
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"Shuizhai"
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},
{
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"Huacheng"
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},
{
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"Changbu"
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{
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"Mianyang"
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},
{
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"Bendihua"
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Wengyuan"
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{
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"Xiaosanjiang"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Liannan"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Jiexi"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Zhao'an",
"Xiuzhuan"
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Changting"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Wuping"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Wuping",
"Yanqian"
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"Peitian"
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{
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"Ninghua"
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{
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"Yudu"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Ningdu"
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{
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"Shexi"
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{
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"Tonggu",
"Sandu"
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{
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"Ganzhou",
"Panlong"
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{
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"Dayu"
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"Miaoli"
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{
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"Pingtung",
"Neipu"
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},
{
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"Zhudong",
"Hailu"
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},
{
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"Taichung",
"Dongshi",
"Dabu"
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},
{
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"Qionglin",
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},
{
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"Yunlin",
"Lunbei",
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{
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"Tangkou"
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{
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Xinyi",
"Sihe"
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},
{
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"Xinyi",
"Qianpai"
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{
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"Xindong"
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{
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"Shijiao"
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{
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"Qingping"
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{
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"Xihe"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Luchuan"
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"Shahe"
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"Longtan"
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"Lingping"
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{
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"Gonghe",
"Xilang"
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"Gaofeng"
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{
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"Guilin",
"Lingui"
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{
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"raw_tags": [
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"Tong'an"
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{
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"Jinbao"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"Senai",
"Huiyang"
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"in nature"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "霜冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Quzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Tangxi"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Yongkang"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"in nature"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Xiangxiang"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Xiangxiang",
"Meiqiao"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "凌構子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "構冷子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Hengyang"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Hengshan"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Hengshan",
"Baiguo"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Qinglong",
"Changliu Laba Miao"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"Qinglong",
"Changliu Laba Miao"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "凌構"
}
],
"word": "凌"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *rɯŋ"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯŋ)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "仌",
"2": "夌",
"alt1": "冫",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc",
"t1": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ)",
"name": "Han compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*r-p(w)am",
"4": "",
"5": "to freeze; snow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凌",
"tr": "*p.rəŋ ~ rəŋ"
},
"expansion": "凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "冰",
"tr": "*p.rəŋ"
},
"expansion": "冰 (OC *p.rəŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "雱",
"tr": "*pʰˁaŋ"
},
"expansion": "雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "霙",
"2": "*ʔraŋ"
},
"expansion": "霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凝",
"tr": "ŋ(r)əŋ"
},
"expansion": "凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"
},
"expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-tan-pro",
"2": "*pam",
"3": "",
"4": "snow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-jap",
"2": "jpɣom",
"3": "",
"4": "to freeze"
},
"expansion": "Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019"
},
"expansion": "Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "冰",
"tr": "*prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?"
},
"expansion": "冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凌",
"tr": "*b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ"
},
"expansion": "凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "ប្រិង៑",
"t": "to harden; to solidify"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler, 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).\nFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).\n:Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) \"heavy snowfall\", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) \"snowflake, sleet\", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) \"to congeal\" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);\n:Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).\nAlternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”) from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "淩",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Traditional-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "夌",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凌",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to freeze up; to form ice"
],
"id": "en-凌-zh-character-LU5Io3Fb",
"links": [
[
"freeze",
"freeze"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"ice",
"ice"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to freeze up; to form ice"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìng (ling⁴)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "ling⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "linq"
},
{
"roman": "lin",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "лин"
},
{
"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "凌"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "ryōun",
"ruby": [
[
"凌",
"りょう"
],
[
"雲",
"うん"
]
],
"word": "凌雲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "ryōga",
"ruby": [
[
"凌",
"りょう"
],
[
"駕",
"が"
]
],
"word": "凌駕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "ryōjoku",
"ruby": [
[
"凌",
"りょう"
],
[
"辱",
"じょく"
]
],
"word": "凌辱"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese jinmeiyō kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to endure, to defy, to tide over, to stave off, to keep out (rain)"
],
"id": "en-凌-ja-character-zRB2Fjho",
"links": [
[
"endure",
"endure"
],
[
"defy",
"defy"
],
[
"tide over",
"tide over"
],
[
"stave off",
"stave off"
],
[
"keep out",
"keep out"
],
[
"rain",
"rain#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jinmeiyō",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese jinmeiyō kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to slight"
],
"id": "en-凌-ja-character-KxU9JjgF",
"links": [
[
"slight",
"slight"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jinmeiyō",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese jinmeiyō kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to surpass"
],
"id": "en-凌-ja-character-buVZa8yL",
"links": [
[
"surpass",
"surpass"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jinmeiyō",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "凌"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凌",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "凌 (MC ling)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 凌 (MC ling).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "업신여길 릉",
"head_nr": 1,
"roman": "eopsinyeogil reung",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "능가할 릉",
"head_nr": 2,
"roman": "neunggahal reung",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "업신여기다",
"2": "업신여길",
"3": "릉",
"4": "",
"5": "능"
},
"expansion": "凌 (eumhun 업신여길 릉 (eopsinyeogil reung), word-initial (South Korea) 업신여길 능 (eopsinyeogil neung))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "능가하다",
"2": "능가할",
"3": "릉",
"4": "",
"5": "능"
},
"expansion": "凌 (eumhun 능가할 릉 (neunggahal reung), word-initial (South Korea) 능가할 능 (neunggahal neung))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean hanja",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "凌駕",
"english": "excelling; surpassing; outdoing",
"roman": "neungga",
"translation": "excelling; surpassing; outdoing",
"word": "능가"
},
{
"alt": "凌蔑",
"english": "looking down (on somebody)",
"roman": "neungmyeol",
"translation": "looking down (on somebody)",
"word": "능멸"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to place oneself above; to override",
"word": "릉"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 릉 (“to place oneself above; to override”)"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-凌-ko-character-rn2gpopD",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"릉",
"릉#Korean"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"override",
"override"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "凌"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "lăng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "lăn",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "lâng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "lừng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "rưng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "dưng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Surname"
],
"id": "en-凌-vi-character-92LaBfTU",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "凌"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese hanzi",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms spelled with 凌",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min hanzi",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese adjectives",
"Middle Chinese hanzi",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Old Chinese adjectives",
"Old Chinese hanzi",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "仗勢凌人"
},
{
"roman": "qīnlíng",
"word": "侵凌"
},
{
"word": "倚強凌弱"
},
{
"word": "傲雪凌霜"
},
{
"word": "冬凌"
},
{
"roman": "bīnglíng",
"word": "冰凌"
},
{
"roman": "língluàn",
"word": "凌亂"
},
{
"word": "凌亂不堪"
},
{
"roman": "língrén",
"word": "凌人"
},
{
"word": "凌兢"
},
{
"word": "凌凌"
},
{
"word": "凍凌觜臉"
},
{
"word": "冻凌觜脸"
},
{
"roman": "línglì",
"word": "凌厲"
},
{
"word": "凌厲攻勢"
},
{
"word": "凌厉攻势"
},
{
"roman": "língyí",
"word": "凌夷"
},
{
"roman": "Língjiāhú",
"word": "凌家湖"
},
{
"word": "凌持"
},
{
"roman": "língrì",
"word": "凌日"
},
{
"roman": "língchén",
"word": "凌晨"
},
{
"roman": "língbào",
"word": "凌暴"
},
{
"word": "凌替"
},
{
"word": "凌歷"
},
{
"roman": "língxùn",
"word": "凌汛"
},
{
"roman": "língbō",
"word": "凌波"
},
{
"word": "凌波仙子"
},
{
"word": "凌波微步"
},
{
"word": "凌波殿"
},
{
"word": "凌波舞"
},
{
"word": "凌波襪"
},
{
"word": "凌災"
},
{
"word": "凌煙閣"
},
{
"word": "凌烟阁"
},
{
"word": "凌眼"
},
{
"roman": "língkōng",
"word": "凌空"
},
{
"word": "凌籍"
},
{
"word": "凌藉"
},
{
"roman": "língnüè",
"word": "凌虐"
},
{
"word": "凌虛"
},
{
"word": "凌躐"
},
{
"word": "凌轢"
},
{
"roman": "língrǔ",
"word": "凌辱"
},
{
"word": "凌迸"
},
{
"roman": "língbī",
"word": "凌逼"
},
{
"roman": "língchí",
"word": "凌遲"
},
{
"word": "凌遲碎剮"
},
{
"word": "凌迟碎剐"
},
{
"word": "凌遲處死"
},
{
"word": "凌迟处死"
},
{
"word": "凌錐"
},
{
"word": "凌陰"
},
{
"roman": "língyún",
"word": "凌雲"
},
{
"word": "凌雲健筆"
},
{
"word": "凌云健笔"
},
{
"word": "凌雲壯志"
},
{
"word": "凌云壮志"
},
{
"roman": "língxiāo",
"word": "凌霄"
},
{
"word": "凌霄殿"
},
{
"roman": "língxiāohuā",
"word": "凌霄花"
},
{
"word": "凌風"
},
{
"roman": "língjià",
"word": "凌駕"
},
{
"roman": "zhuàngzhìlíngyún",
"word": "壯志凌雲"
},
{
"roman": "zhuàngzhìlíngyún",
"word": "壮志凌云"
},
{
"word": "奚凌"
},
{
"word": "志氣凌雲"
},
{
"word": "志气凌云"
},
{
"word": "恃勢凌人"
},
{
"roman": "shìqiánglíngruò",
"word": "恃強凌弱"
},
{
"word": "撞凌"
},
{
"roman": "qīlíng",
"word": "欺凌"
},
{
"word": "氣凌霄漢"
},
{
"word": "气凌霄汉"
},
{
"word": "畏強凌弱"
},
{
"roman": "shèngqìlíngrén",
"word": "盛氣凌人"
},
{
"word": "貴不凌賤"
},
{
"word": "贵不凌贱"
},
{
"word": "金星凌日"
},
{
"roman": "bàlíng",
"word": "霸凌"
},
{
"word": "駕凌"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *rɯŋ"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯŋ)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "仌",
"2": "夌",
"alt1": "冫",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc",
"t1": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ)",
"name": "Han compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*r-p(w)am",
"4": "",
"5": "to freeze; snow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凌",
"tr": "*p.rəŋ ~ rəŋ"
},
"expansion": "凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "冰",
"tr": "*p.rəŋ"
},
"expansion": "冰 (OC *p.rəŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "雱",
"tr": "*pʰˁaŋ"
},
"expansion": "雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "霙",
"2": "*ʔraŋ"
},
"expansion": "霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凝",
"tr": "ŋ(r)əŋ"
},
"expansion": "凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"
},
"expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-tan-pro",
"2": "*pam",
"3": "",
"4": "snow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-jap",
"2": "jpɣom",
"3": "",
"4": "to freeze"
},
"expansion": "Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019"
},
"expansion": "Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "冰",
"tr": "*prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?"
},
"expansion": "冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凌",
"tr": "*b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ"
},
"expansion": "凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "ប្រិង៑",
"t": "to harden; to solidify"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler, 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).\nFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).\n:Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) \"heavy snowfall\", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) \"snowflake, sleet\", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) \"to congeal\" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);\n:Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).\nAlternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”) from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "淩",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Traditional-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "夌",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凌",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ice"
],
"links": [
[
"ice",
"ice"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "alt. forms: 陵 (líng)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rise high; to go up; to climb over; to traverse"
],
"links": [
[
"rise",
"rise"
],
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"go up",
"go up"
],
[
"climb",
"climb"
],
[
"traverse",
"traverse"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "alt. forms: 陵 (líng)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to place oneself above; to override; to transgress"
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"override",
"override"
],
[
"transgress",
"transgress"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to ride (wind, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"ride",
"ride"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "alt. forms: 陵 (líng)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade"
],
"links": [
[
"bully",
"bully"
],
[
"humiliate",
"humiliate"
],
[
"insult",
"insult"
],
[
"encroach",
"encroach"
],
[
"invade",
"invade"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to risk; to brave"
],
"links": [
[
"risk",
"risk"
],
[
"brave",
"brave"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to approach; to draw near; to close in on"
],
"links": [
[
"approach",
"approach"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
],
[
"close in on",
"close in on"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to tremble"
],
"links": [
[
"tremble",
"tremble"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"disorderly; messy"
],
"links": [
[
"disorderly",
"disorderly"
],
[
"messy",
"messy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese surnames",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "Ling Mengchu (Ming dynasty Chinese writer)",
"roman": "Líng Méngchū",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "凌濛初",
"translation": "Ling Mengchu (Ming dynasty Chinese writer)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "líng (ling²)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˊ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "ling⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "len³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "lìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "lin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "lin²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "lìng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ling²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "leng²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "lêng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "líng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "líng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "ling²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "líng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "ling"
},
{
"roman": "lin",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "лин"
},
{
"ipa": "/liŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "ling⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lìhng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ling⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "ling⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪŋ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Taicheng",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "len³"
},
{
"ipa": "/len²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Taicheng",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "lìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "lin^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "lin²"
},
{
"ipa": "/lin¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "lin"
},
{
"ipa": "/lin⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "lin²"
},
{
"ipa": "/lin¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "lìng"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̃iŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ling²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "líng"
},
{
"ipa": "/liŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ling²"
},
{
"ipa": "/liŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "leng²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "léng"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɛŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "leng²"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɛŋ²⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lîng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "leeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪŋ²³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "lêng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lêng"
},
{
"ipa": "/leŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "ling"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Baxter-Sagart"
],
"zh_pron": "/*[r]əŋ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Baxter-Sagart"
],
"zh_pron": "/*p.rəŋ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*rɯŋ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Written-vernacular-Chinese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Chifeng"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Chifeng"
],
"word": "冰冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Hulunbuir",
"Hailar"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Harbin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wuchang",
"Yingchengzi"
],
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Shenyang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Shenyang"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Olginsky",
"Mikhaylovka"
],
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Tianjin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Tangshan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Cangzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Baoding"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Shijiazhuang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Weifang",
"Weicheng"
],
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Weifang",
"Fangzi"
],
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Changle"
],
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shouguang"
],
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Rizhao"
],
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wulian"
],
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin",
"Yantai",
"Muping"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin",
"Qingdao"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Weifang",
"Hanting"
],
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Changyi"
],
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Gaomi"
],
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin",
"Zhucheng"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Anqiu"
],
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Linqu"
],
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Qingzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "冰凌"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Wanrong"
],
"word": "冬凌"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Zhengzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Dingbian"
],
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Xining"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Xuzhou"
],
"word": "凍凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Xuzhou"
],
"word": "冰冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Xuzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Qimen",
"Anling",
"Junhua"
],
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lanyin-Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lanyin-Mandarin",
"Lanzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lanyin-Mandarin",
"Lanzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lanyin-Mandarin",
"Ürümqi"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "凌冰兒"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Muli"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凌冰子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chongqing"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chongqing"
],
"word": "凌冰兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Guiyang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"in nature"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Guiyang"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Kunming"
],
"word": "冰凌"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pingle"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Luzhai"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wuming"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Nanning"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Binyang",
"Nanjie"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hechi",
"Yizhou"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Luocheng"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Dongmen"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Tianlin",
"Langping"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xiangzhou",
"Nalu"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Reshuitang",
"Longling"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Mae Salong",
"Lancang"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Mae Sai",
"Tengchong"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Oudomxay"
],
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰棒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Nantong"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Hefei"
],
"word": "冰凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Hefei"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Chuzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin"
],
"word": "冰凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Hong'an"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "雪"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "雪"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong",
"San Tin",
"Weitou"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong",
"Ting Kok"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong",
"Tung Ping Chau"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Chongkoumen",
"Nanlang",
"Tanka"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Chongkoumen",
"Nanlang",
"Tanka"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "雪"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guanghai"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guanghai"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "雪"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "雪"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wuzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Yulin"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hepu",
"Lianzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hepu",
"Shatian"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guiping",
"Jintian"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guiping",
"Jiangkou"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guiping",
"Madong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Beiliu"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Baise"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Qinzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Qinzhou",
"Changtan"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Qinzhou",
"Xiniujiao"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Beihai"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Beihai",
"Nankang"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Beihai",
"Yingpan"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Beihai",
"Qiaogang - Cô Tô"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Beihai",
"Qiaogang - Cát Bà"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Fangchenggang",
"Fangcheng"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Chongzuo",
"Laituan"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Chongzuo",
"Laituan"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"dated"
],
"word": "霜"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Fusui",
"Qujiu"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Fusui",
"Qujiu"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"dated"
],
"word": "霜"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Lingchuan",
"Yangjia"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Danzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Sanya",
"Yanglan",
"Maihua"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Kuala Lumpur"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Singapore",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Ho Chi Minh City"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Móng Cái"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Yangon"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Mandalay"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "冰凌"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pengze"
],
"tags": [
"Gan"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Yanshan",
"Hekou"
],
"tags": [
"Gan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "冰凌"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Pingxiang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"dated; in nature"
],
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Pingxiang"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xingning"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "凝餅"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Huidong",
"Daling"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Dongguan",
"Qingxi"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wuhua",
"Shuizhai"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wuhua",
"Huacheng"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "硬凝"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wuhua",
"Changbu"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wuhua",
"Mianyang"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Heyuan",
"Bendihua"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Wengyuan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Lianshan",
"Xiaosanjiang"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "硬凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Liannan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Jiexi"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Zhao'an",
"Xiuzhuan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Changting"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Wuping"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Wuping",
"Yanqian"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pingyu"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Wuping"
],
"word": "硬凝"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Liancheng"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Liancheng",
"Peitian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Ninghua"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yudu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Ningdu"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Ruijin"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shicheng"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shangyou",
"Shexi"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "硬構"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Tonggu",
"Sandu"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Ganzhou",
"Panlong"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Dayu"
],
"word": "凌冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"N. Sixian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"S. Sixian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Pingtung",
"Neipu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hsinchu County"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Zhudong",
"Hailu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung",
"Dongshi",
"Dabu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hsinchu County"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Qionglin",
"Raoping"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin",
"Lunbei",
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yangxi",
"Tangkou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yangchun",
"Sanjia"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Xinyi",
"Sihe"
],
"word": "雪"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Xinyi",
"Qianpai"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Gaozhou",
"Xindong"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Maoming"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Shalang",
"Dianbai"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Huazhou",
"Xin'an"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Lianjiang",
"Shijiao"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Lianjiang",
"Qingping"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
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"Mengshan",
"Xihe"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Luchuan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
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"Shahe"
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"tags": [
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},
{
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"Longtan"
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"tags": [
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
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"tags": [
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"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
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"Gonghe",
"Xilang"
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"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xingye",
"Gaofeng"
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"tags": [
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
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],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Guilin",
"Lingui"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pingle"
],
"tags": [
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"Tong'an"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Yangshuo",
"Jinbao"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Senai",
"Huiyang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Singkawang"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "雪"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pontianak"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianggao"
],
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Shexian"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Daguyun"
],
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Shexian"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Daguyun"
],
"tags": [
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"Shexian"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Qimen",
"Anling",
"Minhua"
],
"tags": [
"Huizhou"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "冰凌"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Datong"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Yunzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Jin",
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},
{
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"Yunzhou"
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},
{
"tags": [
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"Xinzhou"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Changzhi"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Linhe"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Jining"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Hohhot"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Handan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Bei",
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Bei",
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],
"word": "霜冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pucheng",
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],
"tags": [
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],
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},
{
"tags": [
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"Fuzhou"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Gutian"
],
"tags": [
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],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
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"Xiamen"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "霜"
},
{
"tags": [
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"Quanzhou"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
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"Quanzhou"
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{
"tags": [
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},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
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"Tainan"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
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"Penang",
"Hokkien"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Penang",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Hokkien"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Singapore",
"Hokkien"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
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"Manila",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "霜"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pingnan",
"Pingtian"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guiping",
"Xiaowen"
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"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guiping",
"Dongsheng"
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"tags": [
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],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Biyange"
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"tags": [
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"Guilin"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
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"Chaozhou"
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},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Chaozhou"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shantou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Bangkok",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "霜水"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Phnom Penh"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "冰霜"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Johor Bahru"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
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"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pontianak"
],
"tags": [
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"Teochew"
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},
{
"tags": [
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"Wenchang"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Haikou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
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],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Donghai",
"Chengxiang"
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"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Jiangkou",
"Hanjiang"
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"Puxian-Min"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Nanri",
"Xiuyu"
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"Puxian-Min"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Fengting"
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"tags": [
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],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Youyang"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Central Min",
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{
"raw_tags": [
"Longdu",
"Shaxi",
"Zhongshan-Min"
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"Zhongshan"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxiang",
"Zhongshan-Min"
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"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning",
"Tingzi"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Gejiayuan"
],
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Zhegulu"
],
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning"
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"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Silian"
],
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning"
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"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xiuxiang"
],
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
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"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Binyang"
],
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Chongzuo",
"Laituan"
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"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua"
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{
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"Wutong"
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"Lingui"
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{
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"Liutang"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
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"Sanjie"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
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"Gaoqiao"
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{
"raw_tags": [
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"Guanyinge"
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{
"raw_tags": [
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{
"raw_tags": [
"Shehua",
"Fuding"
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{
"raw_tags": [
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{
"raw_tags": [
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"Sanming"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shehua",
"Shunchang"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shehua",
"Guixi",
"Zhangping"
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{
"raw_tags": [
"Shehua",
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{
"raw_tags": [
"Shehua",
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"Hexi"
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{
"raw_tags": [
"Shehua",
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"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shehua",
"Longyou"
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{
"raw_tags": [
"Shehua"
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"Chaozhou"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shehua",
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guzhang",
"Gaofeng"
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"Waxiang"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Luxi",
"Liangjiatan"
],
"tags": [
"Waxiang"
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"word": "凝鉤子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Songjiang"
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"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Zhoupu",
"Pudong"
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"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Jiading"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shuangcaodun",
"Baoshan"
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"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Luodian",
"Baoshan"
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"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Chongming"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Lili",
"Wujiang"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shengze",
"Wujiang"
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"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wuxi"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Changshu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Changshu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "冰凍"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Kunshan"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Jiaxing"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Changzhou"
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"Wu"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Changzhou"
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"tags": [
"Wu"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Liyang"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Yixing"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
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},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
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},
{
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"Tongjiaqiao"
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"Wu",
"Danyang"
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},
{
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"Jingjiang"
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"Wu"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Jiangyin"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Huzhou",
"Shuanglin"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
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},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Hangzhou"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Hangzhou",
"Fuyang"
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},
{
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"Wu"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Zhuji",
"Wangjiajing"
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"tags": [
"Wu"
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},
{
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"Chongren"
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"Wu"
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},
{
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"Taiping"
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"Wu"
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},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Yinzhou"
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"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Yuyao"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Zhoushan"
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"tags": [
"Wu"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
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"Huangyan"
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"tags": [
"Wu"
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},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
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"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"in nature"
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"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
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},
{
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"Quzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
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},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Tangxi"
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"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
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},
{
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"Yongkang"
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"tags": [
"Wu"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"in nature"
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"tags": [
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"Changsha"
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xiangxiang"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "冰"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xiangxiang",
"Meiqiao"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "凌構子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "構冷子"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hengyang"
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"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
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},
{
"raw_tags": [
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"Xiang"
],
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},
{
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"Baiguo"
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"Xiang"
],
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},
{
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"Changliu Laba Miao"
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],
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},
{
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"Changliu Laba Miao"
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"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
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}
],
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}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese hanzi",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms spelled with 凌",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min hanzi",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese adjectives",
"Middle Chinese hanzi",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Old Chinese adjectives",
"Old Chinese hanzi",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *rɯŋ"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯŋ)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "仌",
"2": "夌",
"alt1": "冫",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc",
"t1": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ)",
"name": "Han compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*r-p(w)am",
"4": "",
"5": "to freeze; snow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凌",
"tr": "*p.rəŋ ~ rəŋ"
},
"expansion": "凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "冰",
"tr": "*p.rəŋ"
},
"expansion": "冰 (OC *p.rəŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "雱",
"tr": "*pʰˁaŋ"
},
"expansion": "雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "霙",
"2": "*ʔraŋ"
},
"expansion": "霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凝",
"tr": "ŋ(r)əŋ"
},
"expansion": "凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"
},
"expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-tan-pro",
"2": "*pam",
"3": "",
"4": "snow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-jap",
"2": "jpɣom",
"3": "",
"4": "to freeze"
},
"expansion": "Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019"
},
"expansion": "Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "冰",
"tr": "*prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?"
},
"expansion": "冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凌",
"tr": "*b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ"
},
"expansion": "凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "ប្រិង៑",
"t": "to harden; to solidify"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler, 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).\nFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).\n:Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) \"heavy snowfall\", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) \"snowflake, sleet\", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) \"to congeal\" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);\n:Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).\nAlternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”) from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "淩",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Traditional-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "夌",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凌",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to freeze up; to form ice"
],
"links": [
[
"freeze",
"freeze"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"ice",
"ice"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to freeze up; to form ice"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìng (ling⁴)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "ling⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "linq"
},
{
"roman": "lin",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "лин"
},
{
"ipa": "/liŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "凌"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese kanji",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading りょう",
"Japanese kanji with historical goon reading りよう",
"Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading りよう",
"Japanese kanji with historical kan'yōon reading りん",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading りょう",
"Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading りん",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading しの・ぐ",
"Japanese terms spelled with 凌",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ryōun",
"ruby": [
[
"凌",
"りょう"
],
[
"雲",
"うん"
]
],
"word": "凌雲"
},
{
"roman": "ryōga",
"ruby": [
[
"凌",
"りょう"
],
[
"駕",
"が"
]
],
"word": "凌駕"
},
{
"roman": "ryōjoku",
"ruby": [
[
"凌",
"りょう"
],
[
"辱",
"じょく"
]
],
"word": "凌辱"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to endure, to defy, to tide over, to stave off, to keep out (rain)"
],
"links": [
[
"endure",
"endure"
],
[
"defy",
"defy"
],
[
"tide over",
"tide over"
],
[
"stave off",
"stave off"
],
[
"keep out",
"keep out"
],
[
"rain",
"rain#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jinmeiyō",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to slight"
],
"links": [
[
"slight",
"slight"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jinmeiyō",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to surpass"
],
"links": [
[
"surpass",
"surpass"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jinmeiyō",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "凌"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"alt": "凌駕",
"english": "excelling; surpassing; outdoing",
"roman": "neungga",
"translation": "excelling; surpassing; outdoing",
"word": "능가"
},
{
"alt": "凌蔑",
"english": "looking down (on somebody)",
"roman": "neungmyeol",
"translation": "looking down (on somebody)",
"word": "능멸"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凌",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "凌 (MC ling)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 凌 (MC ling).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "업신여길 릉",
"head_nr": 1,
"roman": "eopsinyeogil reung",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "능가할 릉",
"head_nr": 2,
"roman": "neunggahal reung",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "업신여기다",
"2": "업신여길",
"3": "릉",
"4": "",
"5": "능"
},
"expansion": "凌 (eumhun 업신여길 릉 (eopsinyeogil reung), word-initial (South Korea) 업신여길 능 (eopsinyeogil neung))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "능가하다",
"2": "능가할",
"3": "릉",
"4": "",
"5": "능"
},
"expansion": "凌 (eumhun 능가할 릉 (neunggahal reung), word-initial (South Korea) 능가할 능 (neunggahal neung))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to place oneself above; to override",
"word": "릉"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 릉 (“to place oneself above; to override”)"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"릉",
"릉#Korean"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"override",
"override"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "凌"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han script characters",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"凌 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一土金水 (IMGCE), four-corner 3414₇, composition ⿰冫夌)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"冫",
"冫#Translingual"
],
[
"夌",
"夌#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "凌"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "lăng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "lăn",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "lâng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "lừng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "rưng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "dưng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"glosses": [
"Surname"
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "凌"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 凌 meaning in All languages combined (44.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"凌"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凌",
"trace": "started on line 72, detected on line 86"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: word-initial (South Korea) 업신여길 능 (eopsinyeogil neung)",
"path": [
"凌"
],
"section": "Korean",
"subsection": "hanja",
"title": "凌",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: word-initial (South Korea) 능가할 능 (neunggahal neung)",
"path": [
"凌"
],
"section": "Korean",
"subsection": "hanja",
"title": "凌",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (c8bd62c and a979ada). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.