"ます" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "desu-masu tai",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "体",
          "たい"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "ですます体"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "desu-masu chō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "調",
          "ちょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "ですます調"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "imashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "汝",
          "いまし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "汝"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "mashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "汝",
          "まし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "汝"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "mimashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "汝",
          "みまし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "汝"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "参らす",
        "2": "まゐらす"
      },
      "expansion": "参(まゐ)らす (mairasu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まらす"
      },
      "expansion": "まらす (marasu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まっす"
      },
      "expansion": "まっす (massu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ます"
      },
      "expansion": "ます (masu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-ます"
      },
      "expansion": "-ます",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "参らす",
        "2": "まゐらす",
        "3": "to humbly do something for a superior"
      },
      "expansion": "参(まゐ)らす (mairasu, “to humbly do something for a superior”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "参る",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to come or go to the place of a social superior",
        "pos": "humble verb; ancient reading mawiru",
        "tr": "mairu"
      },
      "expansion": "参る (mairu, “to come or go to the place of a social superior”, humble verb; ancient reading mawiru)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まらす"
      },
      "expansion": "まらす (marasu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まっす"
      },
      "expansion": "まっす (massu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下 二%段 活%用",
        "2": "しも に%だん かつ%よう"
      },
      "expansion": "下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "サ行 変%格 活%用",
        "2": "サ-ぎょう へん%かく かつ%よう"
      },
      "expansion": "サ行(ぎょう)変(へん)格(かく)活(かつ)用(よう) (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下 二%段 活%用",
        "2": "しも に%だん かつ%よう"
      },
      "expansion": "下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "連%用%形",
        "2": "れん%よう%けい"
      },
      "expansion": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-ます"
      },
      "expansion": "-ます",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-まし"
      },
      "expansion": "-まし",
      "name": "lang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "参(まゐ)らす (mairasu) → まらす (marasu) → まっす (massu) → ます (masu)\nThe -ます ending is generally believed to have come from the Old Japanese auxiliary verb 参(まゐ)らす (mairasu, “to humbly do something for a superior”), with idiomatic use arising from the causative conjugation of 参る (mairu, “to come or go to the place of a social superior”, humble verb; ancient reading mawiru).\nThe intermediate forms まらす (marasu) and まっす (massu) were valid as both 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō) conjugations and サ行(ぎょう)変(へん)格(かく)活(かつ)用(よう) (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō) conjugations, even though they originally came from a purely 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō) conjugation, leading to constructions off the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei) in the modern paradigm for -ます using the -まし stem.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-masu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-verbconj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在す",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在す",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在しょう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましょう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ません",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ました",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masekeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masetu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masetari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masemu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masitu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masitari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masemu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-verbconj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "madekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ました",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "ます • (-masu)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ま",
        "2": "2d-s"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ま",
        "2": "irreg-s"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "desu",
      "word": "です"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Use the dictionary form"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "-i"
      ],
      "word": "stem + い"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "de aru",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ だ(noun + である)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-nai",
      "word": "mizenkei + ない"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ku nai",
      "word": "stem + くない"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "de [wa] nai",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）ない"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-masu",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ます"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-i desu",
      "word": "stem + いです"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "desu",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ です"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-masen",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ません"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ku arimasen",
      "word": "stem + くないですstem + くありません"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "de [wa] nai desu; de [wa] arimasen",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）ないですnoun + で（は）ありません"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
      "roman": "-ta",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + た"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-katta",
      "word": "stem + かった"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "de atta",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ だった(noun + であった)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-nakatta",
      "word": "mizenkei + なかった"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ku nakatta",
      "word": "stem + くなかった"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "de [wa] nakatta",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）なかった"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-mashita",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ました"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-katta desu",
      "word": "stem + かったです"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "deshita",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ でした"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-masen deshita",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ませんでした"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ku arimasen deshita",
      "word": "stem + くなかったですstem + くありませんでした"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "de [wa] nakatta desu; de [wa] arimasen deshita",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）なかったですnoun + で（は）ありませんでした"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "-u > -o",
      "english": "of Group I verbs; of other verbs",
      "roman": "-yō",
      "word": "mizenkei + うmizenkei + よう"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-i darō",
      "word": "†stem + かろう(stem + いだろう)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "de arō",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ だろう(noun + であろう)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-mashō",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ましょう"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "deshō",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ でしょう"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
      "roman": "-te",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + て"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-kute",
      "word": "stem + くて"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "de atte",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で(noun + であって)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ba",
      "word": "kateikei + ば"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-kereba",
      "word": "stem + ければ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 60 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese kanji read as ます",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "expresses politeness toward and distance from the listener: vaguely similar to the social context indicated by the usted verb conjugation in Spanish, the vous conjugation in French, or the Sie conjugation in German"
      ],
      "id": "en-ます-ja-suffix-PRHuCGWv",
      "links": [
        [
          "politeness",
          "politeness#English"
        ],
        [
          "distance",
          "distance#English"
        ],
        [
          "usted",
          "usted#Spanish"
        ],
        [
          "vous",
          "vous#French"
        ],
        [
          "Sie",
          "Sie#German"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese kanji read as ます",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to do; expresses humbleness"
      ],
      "id": "en-ます-ja-suffix-QcJTKVBc",
      "links": [
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "do",
          "do"
        ],
        [
          "humbleness",
          "humbleness#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, humble) to do; expresses humbleness"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "humble",
        "morpheme",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ます"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ma̠sɨ̥ᵝ]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[òsóꜜrèìrù]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[òsóꜜrèìrìmàsù]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "ます"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "The kana spelling of several native words.",
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "redirects": [
    "鱒",
    "枡",
    "斗",
    "増す"
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "id": "en-ます-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
      "tags": [
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ます"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese kanji read as ます",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese redlinks/ja-see",
    "Japanese suffixes",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "desu-masu tai",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "体",
          "たい"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "ですます体"
    },
    {
      "roman": "desu-masu chō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "調",
          "ちょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "ですます調"
    },
    {
      "roman": "imashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "汝",
          "いまし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "汝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "汝",
          "まし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "汝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mimashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "汝",
          "みまし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "汝"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "参らす",
        "2": "まゐらす"
      },
      "expansion": "参(まゐ)らす (mairasu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まらす"
      },
      "expansion": "まらす (marasu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まっす"
      },
      "expansion": "まっす (massu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ます"
      },
      "expansion": "ます (masu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-ます"
      },
      "expansion": "-ます",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "参らす",
        "2": "まゐらす",
        "3": "to humbly do something for a superior"
      },
      "expansion": "参(まゐ)らす (mairasu, “to humbly do something for a superior”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "参る",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to come or go to the place of a social superior",
        "pos": "humble verb; ancient reading mawiru",
        "tr": "mairu"
      },
      "expansion": "参る (mairu, “to come or go to the place of a social superior”, humble verb; ancient reading mawiru)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まらす"
      },
      "expansion": "まらす (marasu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まっす"
      },
      "expansion": "まっす (massu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下 二%段 活%用",
        "2": "しも に%だん かつ%よう"
      },
      "expansion": "下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "サ行 変%格 活%用",
        "2": "サ-ぎょう へん%かく かつ%よう"
      },
      "expansion": "サ行(ぎょう)変(へん)格(かく)活(かつ)用(よう) (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下 二%段 活%用",
        "2": "しも に%だん かつ%よう"
      },
      "expansion": "下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "連%用%形",
        "2": "れん%よう%けい"
      },
      "expansion": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-ます"
      },
      "expansion": "-ます",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-まし"
      },
      "expansion": "-まし",
      "name": "lang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "参(まゐ)らす (mairasu) → まらす (marasu) → まっす (massu) → ます (masu)\nThe -ます ending is generally believed to have come from the Old Japanese auxiliary verb 参(まゐ)らす (mairasu, “to humbly do something for a superior”), with idiomatic use arising from the causative conjugation of 参る (mairu, “to come or go to the place of a social superior”, humble verb; ancient reading mawiru).\nThe intermediate forms まらす (marasu) and まっす (massu) were valid as both 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō) conjugations and サ行(ぎょう)変(へん)格(かく)活(かつ)用(よう) (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō) conjugations, even though they originally came from a purely 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō) conjugation, leading to constructions off the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei) in the modern paradigm for -ます using the -まし stem.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-masu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-verbconj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在す",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在す",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在しょう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましょう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ません",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ました",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masekeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masetu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masetari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masemu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masitu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masitari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masemu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-verbconj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "madekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ました",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "ます • (-masu)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ま",
        "2": "2d-s"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ま",
        "2": "irreg-s"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "desu",
      "word": "です"
    },
    {
      "word": "Use the dictionary form"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "-i"
      ],
      "word": "stem + い"
    },
    {
      "roman": "de aru",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ だ(noun + である)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-nai",
      "word": "mizenkei + ない"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ku nai",
      "word": "stem + くない"
    },
    {
      "alt": "de [wa] nai",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）ない"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-masu",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ます"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-i desu",
      "word": "stem + いです"
    },
    {
      "roman": "desu",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ です"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-masen",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ません"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ku arimasen",
      "word": "stem + くないですstem + くありません"
    },
    {
      "alt": "de [wa] nai desu; de [wa] arimasen",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）ないですnoun + で（は）ありません"
    },
    {
      "english": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
      "roman": "-ta",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + た"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-katta",
      "word": "stem + かった"
    },
    {
      "roman": "de atta",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ だった(noun + であった)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-nakatta",
      "word": "mizenkei + なかった"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ku nakatta",
      "word": "stem + くなかった"
    },
    {
      "alt": "de [wa] nakatta",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）なかった"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-mashita",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ました"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-katta desu",
      "word": "stem + かったです"
    },
    {
      "roman": "deshita",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ でした"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-masen deshita",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ませんでした"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ku arimasen deshita",
      "word": "stem + くなかったですstem + くありませんでした"
    },
    {
      "alt": "de [wa] nakatta desu; de [wa] arimasen deshita",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）なかったですnoun + で（は）ありませんでした"
    },
    {
      "alt": "-u > -o",
      "english": "of Group I verbs; of other verbs",
      "roman": "-yō",
      "word": "mizenkei + うmizenkei + よう"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-i darō",
      "word": "†stem + かろう(stem + いだろう)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "de arō",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ だろう(noun + であろう)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-mashō",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ましょう"
    },
    {
      "roman": "deshō",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ でしょう"
    },
    {
      "english": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
      "roman": "-te",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + て"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-kute",
      "word": "stem + くて"
    },
    {
      "roman": "de atte",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で(noun + であって)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ba",
      "word": "kateikei + ば"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-kereba",
      "word": "stem + ければ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "expresses politeness toward and distance from the listener: vaguely similar to the social context indicated by the usted verb conjugation in Spanish, the vous conjugation in French, or the Sie conjugation in German"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "politeness",
          "politeness#English"
        ],
        [
          "distance",
          "distance#English"
        ],
        [
          "usted",
          "usted#Spanish"
        ],
        [
          "vous",
          "vous#French"
        ],
        [
          "Sie",
          "Sie#German"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese humble terms",
        "Japanese terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to do; expresses humbleness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "do",
          "do"
        ],
        [
          "humbleness",
          "humbleness#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, humble) to do; expresses humbleness"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "humble",
        "morpheme",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ます"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ma̠sɨ̥ᵝ]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[òsóꜜrèìrù]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[òsóꜜrèìrìmàsù]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "ます"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese kanji read as ます",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese redlinks/ja-see",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "The kana spelling of several native words.",
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "redirects": [
    "鱒",
    "枡",
    "斗",
    "増す"
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ます"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperfective (未然形)",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Continuative (連用形)",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Terminal (終止形)",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Attributive (連体形)",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical (仮定形)",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperative (命令形)",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Passive",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Causative",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Potential",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Volitional",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative continuative",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Formal",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Perfective",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Conjunctive",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical conditional",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: The following entry is uncreated: 斗.",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "definitions",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}