"ます" meaning in Japanese

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "masū",
      "word": "ますぅ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "desu-masu tai",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "体",
          "たい"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "ですます体"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "desu-masu chō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "調",
          "ちょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "ですます調"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "imashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "汝",
          "いまし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "汝"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "mashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "汝",
          "まし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "汝"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "mimashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "汝",
          "みまし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "汝"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "参らす",
        "2": "まゐらす"
      },
      "expansion": "参(まゐ)らす (mairasu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まらす"
      },
      "expansion": "まらす (marasu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まっす"
      },
      "expansion": "まっす (massu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ます"
      },
      "expansion": "ます (masu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-ます"
      },
      "expansion": "-ます",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "参らす",
        "2": "まゐらす",
        "3": "to humbly do something for a superior"
      },
      "expansion": "参(まゐ)らす (mairasu, “to humbly do something for a superior”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まらす"
      },
      "expansion": "まらす (marasu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まっす"
      },
      "expansion": "まっす (massu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下 二%段 活%用",
        "2": "しも に%だん かつ%よう"
      },
      "expansion": "下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "サ行 変%格 活%用",
        "2": "サ-ぎょう へん%かく かつ%よう"
      },
      "expansion": "サ行(ぎょう)変(へん)格(かく)活(かつ)用(よう) (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下 二%段 活%用",
        "2": "しも に%だん かつ%よう"
      },
      "expansion": "下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "連%用%形",
        "2": "れん%よう%けい"
      },
      "expansion": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-ます"
      },
      "expansion": "-ます",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-まし"
      },
      "expansion": "-まし",
      "name": "lang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "参(まゐ)らす (mairasu) → まらす (marasu) → まっす (massu) → ます (masu)\nThe -ます ending is generally believed to have come from the Old Japanese auxiliary verb 参(まゐ)らす (mairasu, “to humbly do something for a superior”), with idiomatic use arising from the causative conjugation of 参る (mairu, “to come or go to the place of a social superior”, humble verb; ancient reading mawiru).\nThe intermediate forms まらす (marasu) and まっす (massu) were valid as both 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō) conjugations and サ行(ぎょう)変(へん)格(かく)活(かつ)用(よう) (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō) conjugations, even though they originally came from a purely 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō) conjugation, leading to constructions off the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei) in the modern paradigm for -ます using the -まし stem.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-masu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-verbconj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在す",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在す",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在しょう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましょう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ません",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ました",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masekeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masetu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masetari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masemu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masitu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masitari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masemu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-verbconj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "madekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ました",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "ます • (-masu)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ま",
        "2": "2d-s"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ま",
        "2": "irreg-s"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "desu",
      "word": "です"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Use the dictionary form"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "-i"
      ],
      "word": "stem + い"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "de aru",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ だ(noun + である)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-nai",
      "word": "mizenkei + ない"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ku nai",
      "word": "stem + くない"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "de [wa] nai",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）ない"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-masu",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ます"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-i desu",
      "word": "stem + いです"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "desu",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ です"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-masen",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ません"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ku arimasen",
      "word": "stem + くないですstem + くありません"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "de [wa] nai desu; de [wa] arimasen",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）ないですnoun + で（は）ありません"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
      "roman": "-ta",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + た"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-katta",
      "word": "stem + かった"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "de atta",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ だった(noun + であった)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-nakatta",
      "word": "mizenkei + なかった"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ku nakatta",
      "word": "stem + くなかった"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "de [wa] nakatta",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）なかった"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-mashita",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ました"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-katta desu",
      "word": "stem + かったです"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "deshita",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ でした"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-masen deshita",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ませんでした"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ku arimasen deshita",
      "word": "stem + くなかったですstem + くありませんでした"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "de [wa] nakatta desu; de [wa] arimasen deshita",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）なかったですnoun + で（は）ありませんでした"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "-u > -o",
      "english": "of Group I verbs; of other verbs",
      "roman": "-yō",
      "word": "mizenkei + うmizenkei + よう"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-i darō",
      "word": "†stem + かろう(stem + いだろう)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "de arō",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ だろう(noun + であろう)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-mashō",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ましょう"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "deshō",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ でしょう"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
      "roman": "-te",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + て"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-kute",
      "word": "stem + くて"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "de atte",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で(noun + であって)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ba",
      "word": "kateikei + ば"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-kereba",
      "word": "stem + ければ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "59 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "63 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "expresses politeness toward and distance from the listener: vaguely similar to the social context indicated by the usted verb conjugation in Spanish, the vous conjugation in French, or the Sie conjugation in German"
      ],
      "id": "en-ます-ja-suffix-PRHuCGWv",
      "links": [
        [
          "politeness",
          "politeness#English"
        ],
        [
          "distance",
          "distance#English"
        ],
        [
          "usted",
          "usted#Spanish"
        ],
        [
          "vous",
          "vous#French"
        ],
        [
          "Sie",
          "Sie#German"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to do; expresses humbleness"
      ],
      "id": "en-ます-ja-suffix-QcJTKVBc",
      "links": [
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "do",
          "do"
        ],
        [
          "humbleness",
          "humbleness#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, humble) to do; expresses humbleness"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "humble",
        "morpheme",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ます"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ma̠sɨ̥]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[òsóꜜrèìrù]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[òsóꜜrèìrìmàsù]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijirin"
  ],
  "word": "ます"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "The kana spelling of several native words.",
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "redirects": [
    "鱒",
    "枡",
    "斗",
    "増す"
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "id": "en-ます-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
      "tags": [
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ます"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese suffixes",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "masū",
      "word": "ますぅ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "desu-masu tai",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "体",
          "たい"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "ですます体"
    },
    {
      "roman": "desu-masu chō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "調",
          "ちょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "ですます調"
    },
    {
      "roman": "imashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "汝",
          "いまし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "汝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "汝",
          "まし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "汝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mimashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "汝",
          "みまし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "汝"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "参らす",
        "2": "まゐらす"
      },
      "expansion": "参(まゐ)らす (mairasu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まらす"
      },
      "expansion": "まらす (marasu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まっす"
      },
      "expansion": "まっす (massu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ます"
      },
      "expansion": "ます (masu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-ます"
      },
      "expansion": "-ます",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "参らす",
        "2": "まゐらす",
        "3": "to humbly do something for a superior"
      },
      "expansion": "参(まゐ)らす (mairasu, “to humbly do something for a superior”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まらす"
      },
      "expansion": "まらす (marasu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まっす"
      },
      "expansion": "まっす (massu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下 二%段 活%用",
        "2": "しも に%だん かつ%よう"
      },
      "expansion": "下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "サ行 変%格 活%用",
        "2": "サ-ぎょう へん%かく かつ%よう"
      },
      "expansion": "サ行(ぎょう)変(へん)格(かく)活(かつ)用(よう) (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下 二%段 活%用",
        "2": "しも に%だん かつ%よう"
      },
      "expansion": "下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "連%用%形",
        "2": "れん%よう%けい"
      },
      "expansion": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-ます"
      },
      "expansion": "-ます",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-まし"
      },
      "expansion": "-まし",
      "name": "lang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "参(まゐ)らす (mairasu) → まらす (marasu) → まっす (massu) → ます (masu)\nThe -ます ending is generally believed to have come from the Old Japanese auxiliary verb 参(まゐ)らす (mairasu, “to humbly do something for a superior”), with idiomatic use arising from the causative conjugation of 参る (mairu, “to come or go to the place of a social superior”, humble verb; ancient reading mawiru).\nThe intermediate forms まらす (marasu) and まっす (massu) were valid as both 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō) conjugations and サ行(ぎょう)変(へん)格(かく)活(かつ)用(よう) (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō) conjugations, even though they originally came from a purely 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō) conjugation, leading to constructions off the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei) in the modern paradigm for -ます using the -まし stem.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-masu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-verbconj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在す",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在す",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在しょう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましょう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ません",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ました",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-mashite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "在すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masekeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masetu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masetari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masemu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masitu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masitari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masemu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-verbconj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "madekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ましない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ませず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ました",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mashite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ますれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "ます • (-masu)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ま",
        "2": "2d-s"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ま",
        "2": "irreg-s"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "desu",
      "word": "です"
    },
    {
      "word": "Use the dictionary form"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "-i"
      ],
      "word": "stem + い"
    },
    {
      "roman": "de aru",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ だ(noun + である)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-nai",
      "word": "mizenkei + ない"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ku nai",
      "word": "stem + くない"
    },
    {
      "alt": "de [wa] nai",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）ない"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-masu",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ます"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-i desu",
      "word": "stem + いです"
    },
    {
      "roman": "desu",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ です"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-masen",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ません"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ku arimasen",
      "word": "stem + くないですstem + くありません"
    },
    {
      "alt": "de [wa] nai desu; de [wa] arimasen",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）ないですnoun + で（は）ありません"
    },
    {
      "english": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
      "roman": "-ta",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + た"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-katta",
      "word": "stem + かった"
    },
    {
      "roman": "de atta",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ だった(noun + であった)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-nakatta",
      "word": "mizenkei + なかった"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ku nakatta",
      "word": "stem + くなかった"
    },
    {
      "alt": "de [wa] nakatta",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）なかった"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-mashita",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ました"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-katta desu",
      "word": "stem + かったです"
    },
    {
      "roman": "deshita",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ でした"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-masen deshita",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ませんでした"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ku arimasen deshita",
      "word": "stem + くなかったですstem + くありませんでした"
    },
    {
      "alt": "de [wa] nakatta desu; de [wa] arimasen deshita",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で（は）なかったですnoun + で（は）ありませんでした"
    },
    {
      "alt": "-u > -o",
      "english": "of Group I verbs; of other verbs",
      "roman": "-yō",
      "word": "mizenkei + うmizenkei + よう"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-i darō",
      "word": "†stem + かろう(stem + いだろう)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "de arō",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ だろう(noun + であろう)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-mashō",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + ましょう"
    },
    {
      "roman": "deshō",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ でしょう"
    },
    {
      "english": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
      "roman": "-te",
      "word": "ren'yōkei + て"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-kute",
      "word": "stem + くて"
    },
    {
      "roman": "de atte",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "+ で(noun + であって)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ba",
      "word": "kateikei + ば"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-kereba",
      "word": "stem + ければ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "expresses politeness toward and distance from the listener: vaguely similar to the social context indicated by the usted verb conjugation in Spanish, the vous conjugation in French, or the Sie conjugation in German"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "politeness",
          "politeness#English"
        ],
        [
          "distance",
          "distance#English"
        ],
        [
          "usted",
          "usted#Spanish"
        ],
        [
          "vous",
          "vous#French"
        ],
        [
          "Sie",
          "Sie#German"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese humble terms",
        "Japanese terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to do; expresses humbleness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "do",
          "do"
        ],
        [
          "humbleness",
          "humbleness#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, humble) to do; expresses humbleness"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "humble",
        "morpheme",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ます"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ma̠sɨ̥]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[òsóꜜrèìrù]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[òsóꜜrèìrìmàsù]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijirin"
  ],
  "word": "ます"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "The kana spelling of several native words.",
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "redirects": [
    "鱒",
    "枡",
    "斗",
    "増す"
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ます"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperfective (未然形)",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Continuative (連用形)",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Terminal (終止形)",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Attributive (連体形)",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical (仮定形)",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperative (命令形)",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Passive",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Causative",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Potential",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Volitional",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative continuative",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Formal",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Perfective",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Conjunctive",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical conditional",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "ます"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ます",
  "trace": ""
}