See ям on Wiktionary
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{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"4": "<"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "cu",
"3": "ꙗсти",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "cu",
"3": "ꙗсти"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*ěsti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ěsti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti), from Proto-Slavic *ěsti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective irregular transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щ",
"roman": "jadjášt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ял",
"roman": "jal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́л",
"roman": "jadjál",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ден",
"roman": "jáden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щият",
"roman": "jadjáštijat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"present",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "я́лият",
"roman": "jálijat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "я́деният",
"roman": "jádenijat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"past",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щия",
"roman": "jadjáštija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́лия",
"roman": "jálija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дения",
"roman": "jádenija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́ща",
"roman": "jadjášta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ла",
"roman": "jála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́ла",
"roman": "jadjála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дена",
"roman": "jádena",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щата",
"roman": "jadjáštata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́лата",
"roman": "jálata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дената",
"roman": "jádenata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́що",
"roman": "jadjášto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ло",
"roman": "jálo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́ло",
"roman": "jadjálo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дено",
"roman": "jádeno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дене",
"roman": "jádene",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щото",
"roman": "jadjáštoto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́лото",
"roman": "jáloto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́деното",
"roman": "jádenoto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́денето",
"roman": "jádeneto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щи",
"roman": "jadjášti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ли",
"roman": "jáli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́ли",
"roman": "jadéli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дени",
"roman": "jádeni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"participle",
"passive",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дения",
"roman": "jádenija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́денета",
"roman": "jádeneta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щите",
"roman": "jadjáštite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"participle",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́лите",
"roman": "jálite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дените",
"roman": "jádenite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"participle",
"passive",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́денията",
"roman": "jádenijata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́денетата",
"roman": "jádenetata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective irregular transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ям",
"roman": "jam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́ш",
"roman": "jadéš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́",
"roman": "jadé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́м",
"roman": "jadém",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́те",
"roman": "jadéte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "яда́т",
"roman": "jadát",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́х",
"roman": "jadjáh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́ше",
"roman": "jadéše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́ше",
"roman": "jadéše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́хме",
"roman": "jadjáhme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́хте",
"roman": "jadjáhte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́ха",
"roman": "jadjáha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дох",
"roman": "jádoh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́де",
"roman": "jáde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́де",
"roman": "jáde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дохме",
"roman": "jádohme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дохте",
"roman": "jádohte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "я́доха",
"roman": "jádoha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "none",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dubitative",
"past",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "яж",
"roman": "jaž",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́те",
"roman": "jadéte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ям",
"2": "impf"
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) first-singular present indicative, impf",
"name": "bg-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ям<irreg.impf.tr>"
},
"name": "bg-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to eat, to consume"
],
"id": "en-ям-bg-verb-SyGD8zoG",
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat"
],
[
"consume",
"consume"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to eat, to consume"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "храня се"
},
{
"word": "консумирам"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "What's worrying you?",
"roman": "Kakvo te jade?",
"text": "Какво те яде?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cause someone to worry, to eat, to pester, to badger, to nag"
],
"id": "en-ям-bg-verb-Ct4S0lKy",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"eat",
"eat"
],
[
"pester",
"pester"
],
[
"badger",
"badger"
],
[
"nag",
"nag"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to cause someone to worry, to eat, to pester, to badger, to nag"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ja̟m]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-ям.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D1%8F%D0%BC.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D1%8F%D0%BC.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D1%8F%D0%BC.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D1%8F%D0%BC.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "ям"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*jam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *jam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*jamɜ",
"4": "",
"5": "mash, soup (made of fish flour, blood, meat)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *jamɜ (“mash, soup (made of fish flour, blood, meat)”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *jam, possibly inherited from Proto-Uralic *jamɜ (“mash, soup (made of fish flour, blood, meat)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "myv-noun-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ям",
"roman": "jam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ямт",
"roman": "jamt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямонь",
"roman": "jamoń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямнэнь",
"roman": "jamneń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямдо",
"roman": "jamdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямсо",
"roman": "jamso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямсто",
"roman": "jamsto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямс",
"roman": "jams",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямга",
"roman": "jamga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "ямкс",
"roman": "jamks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ямшка",
"roman": "jamška",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямтомо",
"roman": "jamtomo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "nouns"
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Erzya entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Erzya san-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:myv-noun-2",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"soup"
],
"id": "en-ям-myv-noun-kBT6yBhN",
"links": [
[
"soup",
"soup"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ям"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "зам"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian зам (zam)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Turkic, eventually Chinese or Mongolian. There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally, it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however, some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese \"to stand > stand > station\" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official. Compare Mongolian зам (zam).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямско́й",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "я́м",
"roman": "jám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мы",
"roman": "jámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ма",
"roman": "jáma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мов",
"roman": "jámov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́му",
"roman": "jámu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мам",
"roman": "jámam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́м",
"roman": "jám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мы",
"roman": "jámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мом",
"roman": "jámom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мами",
"roman": "jámami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ме",
"roman": "jáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мах",
"roman": "jámax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "ямско́й"
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) m inan (genitive я́ма, nominative plural я́мы, genitive plural я́мов, relational adjective ямско́й)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mail staging post"
],
"id": "en-ям-ru-noun-7eA-uGE1",
"links": [
[
"mail",
"mail"
],
[
"staging",
"staging"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) mail staging post"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "jamščík",
"word": "ямщи́к"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
"audio-ipa": "[jam]",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "jam",
"word": "ямъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "ям"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "jam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f-in-p",
"g10": "",
"g11": "",
"g12": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"g5": "",
"g6": "",
"g7": "",
"g8": "",
"g9": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": "",
"head6": "",
"tr": "",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": "",
"tr5": "",
"tr6": ""
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) f inan pl",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"2": "f-in-p"
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) f inan pl",
"name": "ru-noun form"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "jáma",
"word": "я́ма"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of я́ма (jáma)"
],
"id": "en-ям-ru-noun-dZbH4ERJ",
"links": [
[
"я́ма",
"яма#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
"audio-ipa": "[jam]",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "jam",
"word": "ямъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "ям"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian conjugation 1.1 verbs",
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian imperfective verbs",
"Bulgarian irregular verbs",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Old Church Slavonic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian terms with audio links",
"Bulgarian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Bulgarian transitive verbs",
"Bulgarian verbs",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/am",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/am/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"4": "<"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "cu",
"3": "ꙗсти",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "cu",
"3": "ꙗсти"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*ěsti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ěsti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti), from Proto-Slavic *ěsti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective irregular transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щ",
"roman": "jadjášt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ял",
"roman": "jal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́л",
"roman": "jadjál",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ден",
"roman": "jáden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щият",
"roman": "jadjáštijat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"present",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "я́лият",
"roman": "jálijat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "я́деният",
"roman": "jádenijat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"past",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щия",
"roman": "jadjáštija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́лия",
"roman": "jálija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дения",
"roman": "jádenija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́ща",
"roman": "jadjášta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ла",
"roman": "jála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́ла",
"roman": "jadjála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дена",
"roman": "jádena",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щата",
"roman": "jadjáštata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́лата",
"roman": "jálata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дената",
"roman": "jádenata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́що",
"roman": "jadjášto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ло",
"roman": "jálo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́ло",
"roman": "jadjálo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дено",
"roman": "jádeno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дене",
"roman": "jádene",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щото",
"roman": "jadjáštoto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́лото",
"roman": "jáloto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́деното",
"roman": "jádenoto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "я́денето",
"roman": "jádeneto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щи",
"roman": "jadjášti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ли",
"roman": "jáli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́ли",
"roman": "jadéli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дени",
"roman": "jádeni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"participle",
"passive",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дения",
"roman": "jádenija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́денета",
"roman": "jádeneta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́щите",
"roman": "jadjáštite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"participle",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "я́лите",
"roman": "jálite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дените",
"roman": "jádenite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"participle",
"passive",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́денията",
"roman": "jádenijata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́денетата",
"roman": "jádenetata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́йки",
"roman": "jadéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective irregular transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ям",
"roman": "jam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́ш",
"roman": "jadéš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́",
"roman": "jadé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́м",
"roman": "jadém",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́те",
"roman": "jadéte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "яда́т",
"roman": "jadát",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́х",
"roman": "jadjáh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́ше",
"roman": "jadéše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́ше",
"roman": "jadéše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́хме",
"roman": "jadjáhme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́хте",
"roman": "jadjáhte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ядя́ха",
"roman": "jadjáha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дох",
"roman": "jádoh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́де",
"roman": "jáde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́де",
"roman": "jáde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дохме",
"roman": "jádohme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́дохте",
"roman": "jádohte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "я́доха",
"roman": "jádoha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "none",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dubitative",
"past",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "яж",
"roman": "jaž",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "яде́те",
"roman": "jadéte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ям",
"2": "impf"
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) first-singular present indicative, impf",
"name": "bg-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ям<irreg.impf.tr>"
},
"name": "bg-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to eat, to consume"
],
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat"
],
[
"consume",
"consume"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to eat, to consume"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "храня се"
},
{
"word": "консумирам"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian terms with usage examples",
"Bulgarian transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "What's worrying you?",
"roman": "Kakvo te jade?",
"text": "Какво те яде?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cause someone to worry, to eat, to pester, to badger, to nag"
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"eat",
"eat"
],
[
"pester",
"pester"
],
[
"badger",
"badger"
],
[
"nag",
"nag"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to cause someone to worry, to eat, to pester, to badger, to nag"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ja̟m]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-ям.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D1%8F%D0%BC.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D1%8F%D0%BC.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D1%8F%D0%BC.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D1%8F%D0%BC.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "ям"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*jam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *jam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*jamɜ",
"4": "",
"5": "mash, soup (made of fish flour, blood, meat)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *jamɜ (“mash, soup (made of fish flour, blood, meat)”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *jam, possibly inherited from Proto-Uralic *jamɜ (“mash, soup (made of fish flour, blood, meat)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "myv-noun-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ям",
"roman": "jam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ямт",
"roman": "jamt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямонь",
"roman": "jamoń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямнэнь",
"roman": "jamneń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямдо",
"roman": "jamdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямсо",
"roman": "jamso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямсто",
"roman": "jamsto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямс",
"roman": "jams",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямга",
"roman": "jamga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "ямкс",
"roman": "jamks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ямшка",
"roman": "jamška",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямтомо",
"roman": "jamtomo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "nouns"
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Erzya entries with incorrect language header",
"Erzya lemmas",
"Erzya nouns",
"Erzya san-type nominals",
"Erzya terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Erzya terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:myv-noun-2",
"Requests for pronunciation in Erzya entries"
],
"glosses": [
"soup"
],
"links": [
[
"soup",
"soup"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ям"
}
{
"categories": [
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "зам"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian зам (zam)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Turkic, eventually Chinese or Mongolian. There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally, it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however, some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese \"to stand > stand > station\" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official. Compare Mongolian зам (zam).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямско́й",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "я́м",
"roman": "jám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мы",
"roman": "jámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ма",
"roman": "jáma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мов",
"roman": "jámov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́му",
"roman": "jámu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мам",
"roman": "jámam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́м",
"roman": "jám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мы",
"roman": "jámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мом",
"roman": "jámom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мами",
"roman": "jámami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ме",
"roman": "jáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мах",
"roman": "jámax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "ямско́й"
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) m inan (genitive я́ма, nominative plural я́мы, genitive plural я́мов, relational adjective ямско́й)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "jamščík",
"word": "ямщи́к"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"mail staging post"
],
"links": [
[
"mail",
"mail"
],
[
"staging",
"staging"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) mail staging post"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
"audio-ipa": "[jam]",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "jam",
"word": "ямъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "ям"
}
{
"categories": [
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "jam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f-in-p",
"g10": "",
"g11": "",
"g12": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"g5": "",
"g6": "",
"g7": "",
"g8": "",
"g9": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": "",
"head6": "",
"tr": "",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": "",
"tr5": "",
"tr6": ""
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) f inan pl",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"2": "f-in-p"
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) f inan pl",
"name": "ru-noun form"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "jáma",
"word": "я́ма"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of я́ма (jáma)"
],
"links": [
[
"я́ма",
"яма#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
"audio-ipa": "[jam]",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "jam",
"word": "ямъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "ям"
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"ям",
"myv-noun-2",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Erzya",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ям",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"ям",
"myv-noun-2",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Erzya",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ям",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"ям",
"myv-noun-2",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Erzya",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ям",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"ям",
"myv-noun-2",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Erzya",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ям",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.