"ям" meaning in Russian

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "jaam",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Estonian: jaam",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Estonian: jaam"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "trk"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "mn",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "站"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 站 (zhàn)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "зам"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian зам (zam)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Turkic, ultimately from Chinese or Mongolian. There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally, it is believed that Turkic yam and Chinese 站 (zhàn) are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however, some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели (Kazaxsko-mongolʹskije leksičeskije paralleli)) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese \"to stand > stand > station\" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official. Compare Mongolian зам (zam).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jam",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́ма",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мы",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мов",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ямско́й",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́м",
      "roman": "jám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мы",
      "roman": "jámy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́ма",
      "roman": "jáma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мов",
      "roman": "jámov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́му",
      "roman": "jámu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мам",
      "roman": "jámam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́м",
      "roman": "jám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мы",
      "roman": "jámy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мом",
      "roman": "jámom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мами",
      "roman": "jámami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́ме",
      "roman": "jáme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мах",
      "roman": "jámax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "adj": "ямско́й"
      },
      "expansion": "ям • (jam) m inan (genitive я́ма, nominative plural я́мы, genitive plural я́мов, relational adjective ямско́й)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mail staging post"
      ],
      "id": "en-ям-ru-noun-7eA-uGE1",
      "links": [
        [
          "mail",
          "mail"
        ],
        [
          "staging",
          "staging"
        ],
        [
          "post",
          "post"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) mail staging post"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "jamščík",
          "word": "ямщи́к"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "[jam]",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "jam",
      "word": "ямъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ям"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jam",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "f-in-p"
      },
      "expansion": "ям • (jam) f inan pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "jáma",
          "word": "я́ма"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genitive plural of я́ма (jáma)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ям-ru-noun-dZbH4ERJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "я́ма",
          "яма#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "[jam]",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "jam",
      "word": "ямъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ям"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian non-lemma forms",
    "Russian noun forms",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Russian terms derived from Chinese",
    "Russian terms derived from Mongolian",
    "Russian terms derived from Turkic languages",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with redundant head parameter"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "jaam",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Estonian: jaam",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Estonian: jaam"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "trk"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "mn",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "站"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 站 (zhàn)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "зам"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian зам (zam)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Turkic, ultimately from Chinese or Mongolian. There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally, it is believed that Turkic yam and Chinese 站 (zhàn) are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however, some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели (Kazaxsko-mongolʹskije leksičeskije paralleli)) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese \"to stand > stand > station\" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official. Compare Mongolian зам (zam).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jam",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́ма",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мы",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мов",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ямско́й",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́м",
      "roman": "jám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мы",
      "roman": "jámy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́ма",
      "roman": "jáma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мов",
      "roman": "jámov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́му",
      "roman": "jámu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мам",
      "roman": "jámam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́м",
      "roman": "jám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мы",
      "roman": "jámy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мом",
      "roman": "jámom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мами",
      "roman": "jámami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́ме",
      "roman": "jáme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мах",
      "roman": "jámax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "adj": "ямско́й"
      },
      "expansion": "ям • (jam) m inan (genitive я́ма, nominative plural я́мы, genitive plural я́мов, relational adjective ямско́й)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "jamščík",
      "word": "ямщи́к"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mail staging post"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mail",
          "mail"
        ],
        [
          "staging",
          "staging"
        ],
        [
          "post",
          "post"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) mail staging post"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "[jam]",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "jam",
      "word": "ямъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ям"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian non-lemma forms",
    "Russian noun forms",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jam",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "f-in-p"
      },
      "expansion": "ям • (jam) f inan pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "jáma",
          "word": "я́ма"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genitive plural of я́ма (jáma)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "я́ма",
          "яма#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "[jam]",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "jam",
      "word": "ямъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ям"
}