"文化" meaning in 漢語

See 文化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/, /mɐn²¹ faː³³/, /vun¹¹ fa⁵⁵/, /uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/, /bun²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/, /bun²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/, /bun¹³⁻²² hua²¹/, /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/, /bun²³⁻³³ hua²¹/, /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/, /vən²² ho⁴⁴/ Audio: zh-wénhuà.ogg
  1. 〈文化〉【ぶんか】 #文化。 #::文化の日 #::文化节(十一月三日)
    Sense id: zh-文化-zh-noun-ZV1Q-gVV
  2. #문화〈文化〉的漢字表記。
    Sense id: zh-文化-zh-noun-8WOAx3XQ
  3. #văn hoá、văn hóa[文化]的漢字表記。
    Sense id: zh-文化-zh-noun-F2PoI9-T
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: 近義詞:, 反義詞:, 派生詞:文化人, 同音詞(現代標準漢語):, 相關詞彙:文明, 常見詞語搭配: Translations: культура (俄语), духовная (俄语), культура (俄语), просвещение (俄语), цивилизация (俄语), культурный (俄语), культурно (俄语), просветительный (俄语), Kultur (德语), cultura (意大利语), 文化 (日语), culture (法语), civilisation (法语), connaissance (法语), savoir (法语), xu wen (满语), culture (英语), civilization (英语), education (英语), schooling (英语), literacy (英语), cultura (葡萄牙语), cultura (西班牙语), văn hóa (越南语), 문화 (韩语), 지식 (韩语)

Download JSONL data for 文化 meaning in 漢語 (8.9kB)

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "使用音讀的日語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "寫作「化」讀作「か」的日語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "寫作「文」讀作「ぶん」的日語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "待分類的日語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "待分類的朝鮮語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "待分類的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "待分類的越南語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "日語",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有同音詞的官話詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "朝鲜语汉字词",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "汉语名词",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "越南语汉字词",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "近義詞:"
    },
    {
      "word": "反義詞:"
    },
    {
      "word": "派生詞:文化人"
    },
    {
      "word": "同音詞(現代標準漢語):"
    },
    {
      "word": "相關詞彙:文明"
    },
    {
      "word": "常見詞語搭配:"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "〈文化〉【ぶんか】\n#文化。\n#::文化の日\n#::文化节(十一月三日)"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文化-zh-noun-ZV1Q-gVV"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "#문화〈文化〉的漢字表記。"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文化-zh-noun-8WOAx3XQ"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "#văn hoá、văn hóa[文化]的漢字表記。"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文化-zh-noun-F2PoI9-T"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénhuà"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "zh-wénhuà.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Zh-wénhuà.ogg/Zh-wénhuà.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-wénhuà.ogg"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣,白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩東語",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話,白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話,潮州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "上海,吳語學堂拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénhuà"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "通用拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wúnhuà"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "威妥瑪拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wên²-hua⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "耶魯官話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wén-hwà"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "國語羅馬字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenhuah"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "西里爾字母轉寫"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вэньхуа (vɛnʹxua)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "漢語國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文化",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "同音詞"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文話",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "同音詞"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文话",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "同音詞"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "耶魯粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "màhn fa"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "廣州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "廣東拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "men⁴ fa³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɐn²¹ faː³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家語拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vunˇ fa"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vun¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩東語",
        "福州話",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩東語",
        "福州話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-huà"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bunhoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² hua²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ hua²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話",
        "潮州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話",
        "模仿白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûng huè"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "吳語學堂拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "吳音小字典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ven^去 ho"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "³ven-ho"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vən²² ho⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "國際音標 (上海"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "德语",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "Kultur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英语",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "culture"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英语",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "civilization"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英语",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "education"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英语",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "schooling"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英语",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "literacy"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙语",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "word": "cultura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙语",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "word": "cultura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法语",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "culture"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法语",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "civilisation"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法语",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "connaissance"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法语",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "savoir"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意大利语",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "word": "cultura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "культура"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "духовная"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "культура"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "просвещение"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "цивилизация"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "культурный"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "культурно"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "просветительный"
    },
    {
      "lang": "日语",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "word": "文化"
    },
    {
      "lang": "韩语",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "word": "문화"
    },
    {
      "lang": "韩语",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "word": "지식"
    },
    {
      "lang": "满语",
      "lang_code": "mnc",
      "word": "xu wen"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南语",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "word": "văn hóa"
    }
  ],
  "word": "文化"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "使用音讀的日語詞",
    "吳語名詞",
    "吳語詞元",
    "官話名詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "客家語名詞",
    "客家語詞元",
    "寫作「化」讀作「か」的日語詞",
    "寫作「文」讀作「ぶん」的日語詞",
    "待分類的日語詞",
    "待分類的朝鮮語詞",
    "待分類的漢語詞",
    "待分類的越南語詞",
    "日語",
    "有同音詞的官話詞",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
    "朝鲜语汉字词",
    "汉语名词",
    "泉漳話名詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "潮州話名詞",
    "潮州話詞元",
    "粵語名詞",
    "粵語詞元",
    "越南语汉字词",
    "閩東語名詞",
    "閩東語詞元"
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "近義詞:"
    },
    {
      "word": "反義詞:"
    },
    {
      "word": "派生詞:文化人"
    },
    {
      "word": "同音詞(現代標準漢語):"
    },
    {
      "word": "相關詞彙:文明"
    },
    {
      "word": "常見詞語搭配:"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "〈文化〉【ぶんか】\n#文化。\n#::文化の日\n#::文化节(十一月三日)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "#문화〈文化〉的漢字表記。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "#văn hoá、văn hóa[文化]的漢字表記。"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénhuà"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "zh-wénhuà.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Zh-wénhuà.ogg/Zh-wénhuà.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-wénhuà.ogg"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣,白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩東語",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話,白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話,潮州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "上海,吳語學堂拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénhuà"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "通用拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wúnhuà"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "威妥瑪拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wên²-hua⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "耶魯官話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wén-hwà"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "國語羅馬字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenhuah"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "西里爾字母轉寫"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вэньхуа (vɛnʹxua)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "漢語國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文化",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "同音詞"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文話",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "同音詞"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文话",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "同音詞"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "耶魯粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "màhn fa"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "廣州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "廣東拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "men⁴ fa³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɐn²¹ faː³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家語拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vunˇ fa"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vun¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩東語",
        "福州話",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩東語",
        "福州話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-huà"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bunhoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² hua²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ hua²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話",
        "潮州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話",
        "模仿白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûng huè"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "吳語學堂拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "吳音小字典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ven^去 ho"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "³ven-ho"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vən²² ho⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "國際音標 (上海"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "德语",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "Kultur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英语",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "culture"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英语",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "civilization"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英语",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "education"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英语",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "schooling"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英语",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "literacy"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙语",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "word": "cultura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙语",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "word": "cultura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法语",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "culture"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法语",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "civilisation"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法语",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "connaissance"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法语",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "savoir"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意大利语",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "word": "cultura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "культура"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "духовная"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "культура"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "просвещение"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "цивилизация"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "культурный"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "культурно"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄语",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "просветительный"
    },
    {
      "lang": "日语",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "word": "文化"
    },
    {
      "lang": "韩语",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "word": "문화"
    },
    {
      "lang": "韩语",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "word": "지식"
    },
    {
      "lang": "满语",
      "lang_code": "mnc",
      "word": "xu wen"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南语",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "word": "văn hóa"
    }
  ],
  "word": "文化"
}
{
  "called_from": "extractor/zh/page/parse_section/192",
  "msg": "Unhandled subtitle: 寫法",
  "path": [
    "文化"
  ],
  "section": "漢語",
  "subsection": "寫法",
  "title": "文化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "文化"
  ],
  "section": "漢語",
  "subsection": "讀音",
  "title": "文化",
  "trace": "started on line 25, detected on line 25"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
  "path": [
    "文化"
  ],
  "section": "漢語",
  "subsection": "讀音",
  "title": "文化",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-13 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-01 using wiktextract (f8674bc and 7cfad79). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.