See 文化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "台山話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "台山話專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "台山話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "吳語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "吳語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "吳語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「化」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「文」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶有原始排序鍵的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有同音詞的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有音頻鏈接的粵語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "東干語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "東干語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "東干語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "莆仙語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "莆仙語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "莆仙語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "閩東語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "閩東語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "閩東語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"related": [
{
"word": "文化人"
},
{
"word": "文明"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "zh-文化-zh-noun-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"audio": "zh-wénhuà.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Zh-wénhuà.ogg/Zh-wénhuà.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-wénhuà.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Dongan",
"Cyrillic",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "вынхуа (vɨnhua, I-II)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mun³ fa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"(海陸，客家語拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "vun fa^ˇ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"梅縣",
"客家話拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"zh_pron": "mong² hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"zh_pron": "muong² hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho₅"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "²ven-ho₅"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wên²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wén-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "wenhuah"
},
{
"roman": "vɛnʹxua",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Cyrillic"
],
"zh_pron": "вэньхуа"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文化",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文話",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文话",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Dongan",
"Cyrillic",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "вынхуа (vɨnhua, I-II)"
},
{
"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴ xua⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Dongan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "màhn fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "men⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Taicheng",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mun³ fa¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbun²² fa³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Taicheng",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "vun^ˇ fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/vun¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"海陸",
"包含竹東"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "vun fa^ˇ"
},
{
"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵ fa¹¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"海陸",
"包含竹東"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"梅州話",
"客家話拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹ fa⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"梅州話"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"zh_pron": "mong² hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "mong¹ hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Putian",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "meóng-hua̍"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ hua⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Putian",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"zh_pron": "muong² hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "muong¹ hua⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/muoŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ hua⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Xianyou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tâi-lô"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "bunhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hu̯a²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hu̯a⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² hu̯a²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hu̯a¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taibei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ hu̯a²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "bûng huè"
},
{
"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho₅"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"MiniDict"
],
"zh_pron": "ven^去 ho^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "³ven-ho₂"
},
{
"ipa": "/vən²² ho⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"蘇州",
"嘉興"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "²ven-ho₅"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"蘇州",
"嘉興"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"MiniDict"
],
"zh_pron": "ven^平 ho^去"
},
{
"ipa": "/vən²² ho³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"蘇州",
"嘉興"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vən¹³ ho⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"蘇州",
"嘉興"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "mjun xwaeH"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"白–沙"
],
"zh_pron": "/*mə[n] qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"鄭張"
],
"zh_pron": "/*mɯn hŋʷraːls/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "德语",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "civilization"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "education"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "schooling"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "literacy"
},
{
"lang": "西班牙语",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "葡萄牙语",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "connaissance"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "savoir"
},
{
"lang": "意大利语",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культура"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "духовная"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культура"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "просвещение"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "цивилизация"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культурный"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культурно"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "просветительный"
},
{
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "文化"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "문화"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "지식"
},
{
"lang": "满语",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"word": "xu wen"
},
{
"lang": "越南语",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "văn hóa"
}
],
"word": "文化"
}
{
"categories": [
"上古漢語名詞",
"上古漢語專有名詞",
"上古漢語詞元",
"中古漢語名詞",
"中古漢語專有名詞",
"中古漢語詞元",
"台山話名詞",
"台山話專有名詞",
"台山話詞元",
"吳語名詞",
"吳語專有名詞",
"吳語詞元",
"官話名詞",
"官話專有名詞",
"官話詞元",
"客家語名詞",
"客家語專有名詞",
"客家語詞元",
"帶「化」的漢語詞",
"帶「文」的漢語詞",
"帶有原始排序鍵的頁面",
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有同音詞的官話詞",
"有國際音標的漢語詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
"有音頻鏈接的粵語詞",
"東干語名詞",
"東干語專有名詞",
"東干語詞元",
"泉漳話名詞",
"泉漳話專有名詞",
"泉漳話詞元",
"漢語名詞",
"漢語專有名詞",
"漢語詞元",
"潮州話名詞",
"潮州話專有名詞",
"潮州話詞元",
"粵語名詞",
"粵語專有名詞",
"粵語詞元",
"莆仙語名詞",
"莆仙語專有名詞",
"莆仙語詞元",
"閩東語名詞",
"閩東語專有名詞",
"閩東語詞元"
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"related": [
{
"word": "文化人"
},
{
"word": "文明"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"audio": "zh-wénhuà.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Zh-wénhuà.ogg/Zh-wénhuà.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-wénhuà.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Dongan",
"Cyrillic",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "вынхуа (vɨnhua, I-II)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mun³ fa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"(海陸，客家語拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "vun fa^ˇ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"梅縣",
"客家話拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"zh_pron": "mong² hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"zh_pron": "muong² hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho₅"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "²ven-ho₅"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wên²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wén-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "wenhuah"
},
{
"roman": "vɛnʹxua",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Cyrillic"
],
"zh_pron": "вэньхуа"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文化",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文話",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文话",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Dongan",
"Cyrillic",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "вынхуа (vɨnhua, I-II)"
},
{
"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴ xua⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Dongan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "màhn fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "men⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Taicheng",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mun³ fa¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbun²² fa³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Taicheng",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "vun^ˇ fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/vun¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"海陸",
"包含竹東"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "vun fa^ˇ"
},
{
"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵ fa¹¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"海陸",
"包含竹東"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"梅州話",
"客家話拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹ fa⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"梅州話"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"zh_pron": "mong² hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "mong¹ hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Putian",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "meóng-hua̍"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ hua⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Putian",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"zh_pron": "muong² hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "muong¹ hua⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/muoŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ hua⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Xianyou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tâi-lô"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "bunhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hu̯a²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hu̯a⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² hu̯a²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hu̯a¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taibei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ hu̯a²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "bûng huè"
},
{
"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho₅"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"MiniDict"
],
"zh_pron": "ven^去 ho^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "³ven-ho₂"
},
{
"ipa": "/vən²² ho⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"蘇州",
"嘉興"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "²ven-ho₅"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"蘇州",
"嘉興"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"MiniDict"
],
"zh_pron": "ven^平 ho^去"
},
{
"ipa": "/vən²² ho³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"蘇州",
"嘉興"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vən¹³ ho⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"蘇州",
"嘉興"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "mjun xwaeH"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"白–沙"
],
"zh_pron": "/*mə[n] qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"鄭張"
],
"zh_pron": "/*mɯn hŋʷraːls/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "德语",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "civilization"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "education"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "schooling"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "literacy"
},
{
"lang": "西班牙语",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "葡萄牙语",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "connaissance"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "savoir"
},
{
"lang": "意大利语",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культура"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "духовная"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культура"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "просвещение"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "цивилизация"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культурный"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культурно"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "просветительный"
},
{
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "文化"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "문화"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "지식"
},
{
"lang": "满语",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"word": "xu wen"
},
{
"lang": "越南语",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "văn hóa"
}
],
"word": "文化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 文化 meaning in 漢語 (10.1kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"文化"
],
"section": "漢語",
"subsection": "發音",
"title": "文化",
"trace": "started on line 34, detected on line 34"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"文化"
],
"section": "漢語",
"subsection": "發音",
"title": "文化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-17 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-01 using wiktextract (0c45963 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.