See 文化 on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "台山話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "台山話專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "台山話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "吳語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "吳語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "吳語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「化」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「文」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶有原始排序鍵的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有同音詞的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有音頻鏈接的粵語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "東干語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "東干語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "東干語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "莆仙語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "莆仙語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "莆仙語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "閩東語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "閩東語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "閩東語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"related": [
{
"word": "文化人"
},
{
"word": "文明"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "zh-文化-zh-noun-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"audio": "zh-wénhuà.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Zh-wénhuà.ogg/Zh-wénhuà.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-wénhuà.ogg"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"東干語",
"西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"zh_pron": "вынхуа (vɨnhua, I-II)"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"台山話",
"維基詞典拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"zh_pron": "mun³ fa¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"(海陸，客家語拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun fa^ˇ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"梅縣",
"客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"平話字"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"莆仙話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "mong² hua⁴ / muong² hua⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"白話字"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho₅ / ²ven-ho₅"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wên²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wén-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "wenhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "вэньхуа (vɛnʹxua)"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文化",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文話",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文话",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"東干語",
"西里爾字母",
"維基詞典"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"zh_pron": "вынхуа (vɨnhua, I-II)"
},
{
"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴ xua⁵¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"東干語"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "màhn fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "men⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ faː³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"台山話",
"台城",
"維基詞典拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"zh_pron": "mun³ fa¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbun²² fa³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"台山話",
"台城"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家語拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun^ˇ fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家話拼音方案"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/vun¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃"
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"海陸",
"包含竹東",
"客家語拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun fa^ˇ"
},
{
"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵ fa¹¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"海陸",
"包含竹東"
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"梅州話",
"客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹ fa⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"梅州話"
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"福州話",
"平話字"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"福州話"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern Min",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"莆田",
"莆仙話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "mong² hua⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"莆田",
"莆仙話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "[實際讀音：mong¹ hua⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"莆田",
"平話字"
],
"zh_pron": "meóng-hua̍"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ hua⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"莆田"
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"仙遊",
"莆仙話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "muong² hua⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"仙遊",
"莆仙話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "[實際讀音：muong¹ hua⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/muoŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ hua⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"仙遊"
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"白話字"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"臺羅"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-huà"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"普實台文"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bunhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hu̯a²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (廈門)"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hu̯a⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (泉州)"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² hu̯a²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (漳州)"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hu̯a¹¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (臺北)"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ hu̯a²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (高雄)"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "bûng huè"
},
{
"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho₅"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"吳音小字典"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "ven^去 ho^去"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話)"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "³ven-ho₂"
},
{
"ipa": "/vən²² ho⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"國際音標 (上海)"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"蘇州",
"嘉興"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "²ven-ho₅"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"蘇州",
"嘉興",
"吳音小字典"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "ven^平 ho^去"
},
{
"ipa": "/vən²² ho³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"蘇州",
"嘉興",
"國際音標 (蘇州)"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vən¹³ ho⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"蘇州",
"嘉興",
"國際音標 (嘉興)"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"中古漢語"
],
"zh_pron": "mjun xwaeH"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"白–沙"
],
"zh_pron": "/*mə[n] qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"鄭張"
],
"zh_pron": "/*mɯn hŋʷraːls/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "德语",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "civilization"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "education"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "schooling"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "literacy"
},
{
"lang": "西班牙语",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "葡萄牙语",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "connaissance"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "savoir"
},
{
"lang": "意大利语",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культура"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "духовная"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культура"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "просвещение"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "цивилизация"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культурный"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культурно"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "просветительный"
},
{
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "文化"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "문화"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "지식"
},
{
"lang": "满语",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"word": "xu wen"
},
{
"lang": "越南语",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "văn hóa"
}
],
"word": "文化"
}
{
"lang": "日語",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "unknown",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"文化。"
],
"id": "zh-文化-ja-unknown-Q6DFT0Lb"
}
],
"word": "文化"
}
{
"lang": "朝鮮語",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "unknown",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"문화〈文化〉的漢字表記。"
],
"id": "zh-文化-ko-unknown-HBh3iU7F"
}
],
"word": "文化"
}
{
"lang": "越南語",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "unknown",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"văn hoá、văn hóa［文化］的漢字表記。"
],
"id": "zh-文化-vi-unknown-oKttVh3t"
}
],
"word": "文化"
}
{
"lang": "日語",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "unknown",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"文化。"
]
}
],
"word": "文化"
}
{
"lang": "朝鮮語",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "unknown",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"문화〈文化〉的漢字表記。"
]
}
],
"word": "文化"
}
{
"categories": [
"上古漢語名詞",
"上古漢語專有名詞",
"上古漢語詞元",
"中古漢語名詞",
"中古漢語專有名詞",
"中古漢語詞元",
"台山話名詞",
"台山話專有名詞",
"台山話詞元",
"吳語名詞",
"吳語專有名詞",
"吳語詞元",
"官話名詞",
"官話專有名詞",
"官話詞元",
"客家語名詞",
"客家語專有名詞",
"客家語詞元",
"帶「化」的漢語詞",
"帶「文」的漢語詞",
"帶有原始排序鍵的頁面",
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有同音詞的官話詞",
"有國際音標的漢語詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
"有音頻鏈接的粵語詞",
"東干語名詞",
"東干語專有名詞",
"東干語詞元",
"泉漳話名詞",
"泉漳話專有名詞",
"泉漳話詞元",
"漢語名詞",
"漢語專有名詞",
"漢語詞元",
"潮州話名詞",
"潮州話專有名詞",
"潮州話詞元",
"粵語名詞",
"粵語專有名詞",
"粵語詞元",
"莆仙語名詞",
"莆仙語專有名詞",
"莆仙語詞元",
"閩東語名詞",
"閩東語專有名詞",
"閩東語詞元"
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"related": [
{
"word": "文化人"
},
{
"word": "文明"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"audio": "zh-wénhuà.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Zh-wénhuà.ogg/Zh-wénhuà.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-wénhuà.ogg"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"東干語",
"西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"zh_pron": "вынхуа (vɨnhua, I-II)"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-文化.wav"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"台山話",
"維基詞典拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"zh_pron": "mun³ fa¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"(海陸，客家語拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun fa^ˇ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"梅縣",
"客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"平話字"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"莆仙話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "mong² hua⁴ / muong² hua⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"白話字"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho₅ / ²ven-ho₅"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wên²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wén-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "wenhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "вэньхуа (vɛnʹxua)"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文化",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文話",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文话",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"東干語",
"西里爾字母",
"維基詞典"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"zh_pron": "вынхуа (vɨnhua, I-II)"
},
{
"ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴ xua⁵¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"東干語"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "màhn fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "men⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ faː³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"台山話",
"台城",
"維基詞典拼音"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"zh_pron": "mun³ fa¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐbun²² fa³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"台山話",
"台城"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家語拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun^ˇ fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家話拼音方案"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/vun¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃"
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"海陸",
"包含竹東",
"客家語拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun fa^ˇ"
},
{
"ipa": "/vun⁵⁵ fa¹¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"海陸",
"包含竹東"
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"梅州話",
"客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʋun¹¹ fa⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"梅州話"
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"福州話",
"平話字"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"福州話"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern Min",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"莆田",
"莆仙話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "mong² hua⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"莆田",
"莆仙話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "[實際讀音：mong¹ hua⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"莆田",
"平話字"
],
"zh_pron": "meóng-hua̍"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɔŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ hua⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"莆田"
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"仙遊",
"莆仙話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "muong² hua⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"仙遊",
"莆仙話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "[實際讀音：muong¹ hua⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/muoŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ hua⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"莆仙語",
"仙遊"
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"白話字"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"臺羅"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-huà"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"普實台文"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bunhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hu̯a²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (廈門)"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hu̯a⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (泉州)"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² hu̯a²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (漳州)"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hu̯a¹¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (臺北)"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ hu̯a²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (高雄)"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "bûng huè"
},
{
"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho₅"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"吳音小字典"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "ven^去 ho^去"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話)"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "³ven-ho₂"
},
{
"ipa": "/vən²² ho⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"國際音標 (上海)"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"蘇州",
"嘉興"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "²ven-ho₅"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"蘇州",
"嘉興",
"吳音小字典"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "ven^平 ho^去"
},
{
"ipa": "/vən²² ho³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"蘇州",
"嘉興",
"國際音標 (蘇州)"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vən¹³ ho⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"蘇州",
"嘉興",
"國際音標 (嘉興)"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"中古漢語"
],
"zh_pron": "mjun xwaeH"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"白–沙"
],
"zh_pron": "/*mə[n] qʷʰˤaj-s/"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"鄭張"
],
"zh_pron": "/*mɯn hŋʷraːls/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "德语",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "civilization"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "education"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "schooling"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "literacy"
},
{
"lang": "西班牙语",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "葡萄牙语",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "connaissance"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "savoir"
},
{
"lang": "意大利语",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культура"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "духовная"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культура"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "просвещение"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "цивилизация"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культурный"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культурно"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "просветительный"
},
{
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "文化"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "문화"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "지식"
},
{
"lang": "满语",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"word": "xu wen"
},
{
"lang": "越南语",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "văn hóa"
}
],
"word": "文化"
}
{
"lang": "越南語",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "unknown",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"văn hoá、văn hóa［文化］的漢字表記。"
]
}
],
"word": "文化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 文化 meaning in All languages combined (10.8kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"文化"
],
"section": "漢語",
"subsection": "發音",
"title": "文化",
"trace": "started on line 34, detected on line 34"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"文化"
],
"section": "漢語",
"subsection": "發音",
"title": "文化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-03 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-01 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.