"文明" meaning in All languages combined

See 文明 on Wiktionary

Noun [日語]

Forms: 文明 [canonical] (ruby: (ぶん), (めい)), bunmei [romanization]
Etymology: 古典借詞,源自中古漢語 文明 (中古 mjun mjaeng)。
  1. 人類社會進步開化的狀態
    Sense id: zh-文明-ja-noun-zrxN6uOM
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 文明開化 (bunmeikaika) (ruby: (ぶん), (めい), (かい), ())

Noun [朝鮮語]

Forms: munmyeong [romanization], 문명
  1. 문명 (munmyeong)的漢字。 Tags: form-of Form of: 문명
    Sense id: zh-文明-ko-noun-xX2A0nE0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated

Adjective [漢語]

IPA: /wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵/ [Mandarin, Standard Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /uən²¹ min²¹/ [Mandarin, IPA], /vəŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/ [Mandarin, IPA], /mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹/ [Cantonese, IPA], /vun¹¹ min¹¹/ [IPA], /uŋ⁵³⁻³³ miŋ⁵³/ [Eastern Min, IPA], /bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/ [Southern Min], /bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/ [Southern Min], /bun¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/ [Southern Min], /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/ [Southern Min], /bun²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/ [Southern Min], /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵/ [Southern Min, Teochew, IPA], /vən²² min⁴⁴/ [Wu, Shanghai]
  1. 有禮貌的,有教養的
    Sense id: zh-文明-zh-adj-fCD2vYE9 Categories (other): 有使用例的官話詞, 有引文的文言文詞
  2. 禮樂法度興盛的 Tags: literary
    Sense id: zh-文明-zh-adj-Tlqy4khe Categories (other): 有引文的文言文詞, 漢語書面用語
  3. 有文采的
    Sense id: zh-文明-zh-adj-fVl8~2Id Categories (other): 古典漢語, 有引文的文言文詞
  4. 色彩明亮的
    Sense id: zh-文明-zh-adj-qv5inGw3 Categories (other): 古典漢語, 有引文的文言文詞
  5. 新的,現代的 Tags: dated
    Sense id: zh-文明-zh-adj-aV9UER-P Categories (other): 有引文的官話詞, 漢語過時用語
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Translations: քաղաքակիրթ (亞美尼亞語), цивилизо́ванный (俄語), воспи́танный (俄語), культу́рный (俄語), възпитан (保加利亞語), културен (保加利亞語), civilitzat (加泰羅尼亞語), सभ्य (印地語), मुहज्जब (印地語), शिष्ट (印地語), zivilisiert (德語), civilizovaný (捷克語), ardveenit (曼島語), civilisé (法語), cywilizowany (波蘭語), ucywilizowany (波蘭語), цивілізо́ваний (烏克蘭語), civilizat (羅馬尼亞語), sivistynyt (芬蘭語), civilized (英語), civilizado (西班牙語)
Categories (other): 上古漢語動詞, 上古漢語名詞, 上古漢語形容詞, 上古漢語詞元, 中古漢語動詞, 中古漢語名詞, 中古漢語形容詞, 中古漢語詞元, 吳語動詞, 吳語名詞, 吳語形容詞, 吳語詞元, 四川話動詞, 四川話名詞, 四川話形容詞, 四川話詞元, 官話動詞, 官話名詞, 官話形容詞, 官話詞元, 客家語動詞, 客家語名詞, 客家語形容詞, 客家語詞元, 帶「文」的漢語詞, 帶「明」的漢語詞, 有4個詞條的頁面, 有同音詞的官話詞, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有詞條的頁面, 東干語動詞, 東干語名詞, 東干語形容詞, 東干語詞元, 泉漳話動詞, 泉漳話名詞, 泉漳話形容詞, 泉漳話詞元, 漢語動詞, 漢語名詞, 漢語形容詞, 漢語水平考試乙級詞, 漢語詞元, 潮州話動詞, 潮州話名詞, 潮州話形容詞, 潮州話詞元, 粵語動詞, 粵語名詞, 粵語形容詞, 粵語詞元, 閩東語動詞, 閩東語名詞, 閩東語形容詞, 閩東語詞元 Derived forms: 政治文明, 文明人 (wénmíngrén), 文明國家 [Traditional Chinese], 文明国家 [Simplified Chinese], 文明小史 (Wénmíng Xiǎoshǐ), 文明戲 (wénmíngxì) [Traditional Chinese], 文明戏 (wénmíngxì) [Simplified Chinese], 文明棍 (wénmínggùn), 文明腳 [Traditional Chinese], 文明脚 [Simplified Chinese], 文明觀球 [Traditional Chinese], 文明观球 [Simplified Chinese], 物質文明 (wùzhì wénmíng) [Traditional Chinese], 物质文明 (wùzhì wénmíng) [Simplified Chinese], 生態文明 [Traditional Chinese], 生态文明 [Simplified Chinese], 精神文明 (jīngshén wénmíng)

Noun [漢語]

IPA: /wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵/ [Mandarin, Standard Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /uən²¹ min²¹/ [Mandarin, IPA], /vəŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/ [Mandarin, IPA], /mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹/ [Cantonese, IPA], /vun¹¹ min¹¹/ [IPA], /uŋ⁵³⁻³³ miŋ⁵³/ [Eastern Min, IPA], /bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/ [Southern Min], /bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/ [Southern Min], /bun¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/ [Southern Min], /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/ [Southern Min], /bun²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/ [Southern Min], /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵/ [Southern Min, Teochew, IPA], /vən²² min⁴⁴/ [Wu, Shanghai]
  1. 人類社會進步開化的狀態
  2. 文治教化
    Sense id: zh-文明-zh-noun-wXbOsISe Categories (other): 有使用例的官話詞, 有引文的文言文詞
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Translations: civilizo (世界語), ئاوەدانی (中庫爾德語), civilisation [common] (丹麥語), kultur [common] (丹麥語), քաղաքակրթություն (亞美尼亞語), kabihasnan (他加祿語), цивилиза́ция [feminine] (俄語), культу́ра [feminine] (俄語), цивилиза́ция [feminine] (保加利亞語), siðmenning [feminine] (冰島語), civiltæ (利古里亞語), civilización [feminine] (加利西亞語), civilització [feminine] (加泰羅尼亞語), civilizáció (匈牙利語), सभ्यता [feminine] (印地語), цивилизация (吉爾吉斯語), маданият (吉爾吉斯語), өркениет (哈薩克語), medeniýet (土庫曼語), ekinç (土耳其語), medeniyet (土耳其語), uygarlık (土耳其語), حضارة (ḥaḍāra) [feminine] (埃及阿拉伯語), тамаддун (塔吉克語), маданият (塔吉克語), সভ্যতা (孟加拉語), তমদ্দুন (孟加拉語), তহজিব (tôhjib) (孟加拉語), सभ्यता (尼泊爾語), sevenadur [masculine] (布列塔尼語), ציוויליזציה (tsivilizátsia) (alt: צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה / ציוויליזציה) [feminine] (希伯來語), πολιτισμός [masculine] (希臘語), Zivilisation [feminine] (德語), Kultur [feminine] (德語), civiltà [feminine] (意大利語), ציוויליזאַציע [feminine] (意第緒語), tsivilisatsioon (愛沙尼亞語), sibhialtacht [feminine] (愛爾蘭語), civilizácija [feminine] (拉丁字母), exculta hominum vīta [feminine] (拉丁語), civilizācija [feminine] (拉脫維亞語), sivilisasjon [masculine] (挪威語), civilizace [feminine] (捷克語), ስልጣኔ (提格里尼亞語), civilizácia [feminine] (斯洛伐克語), civilizacija [feminine] (斯洛文尼亞語), 文明 (ぶんめい, bunmei) (日語), تمدن (tamadón) [masculine] (普什圖語), 문명(文明) (朝鮮語), ცივილიზაცია (格魯吉亞語), सभ्यता [feminine] (梵語), puāwaitanga (毛利語), mentan [feminine] (法羅語), siðmenning [feminine] (法羅語), civilisation [feminine] (法語), تمدن (tamaddon) (波斯語), مدنیت (madaniyyat) (波斯語), cywilizacja [feminine] (波蘭語), อารยธรรม (泰語), ᡧᡠ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ (滿語), цивіліза́ція [feminine] (烏克蘭語), تہذیب (tahzīb) (烏爾都語), تمدن (tamaddun) (烏爾都語), tamaddun (烏茲別克語), madaniyat (烏茲別克語), tsivilizatsiya (烏茲別克語), sivilizatsiya (烏茲別克語), civilisation [common] (瑞典語), kultur [common] (瑞典語), civilizåcion [feminine] (瓦隆語), цывіліза́цыя [feminine] (白俄羅斯語), sivilisassion [feminine] (皮埃蒙特語), цівіліза́ція [feminine] (盧森尼亞語), ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ [masculine] (科普特語), civilizacija [feminine] (立陶宛語), ယဉ်ကျေးမှု (緬甸語), civilizație [feminine] (羅馬尼亞語), cultură [feminine] (羅馬尼亞語), ອາລິຍະທຳ (老撾語), kulttuuri (芬蘭語), korkeakulttuuri (芬蘭語), sivilisaatio (芬蘭語), civilization (英語), civilisation (英語), beschaving [feminine] (荷蘭語), civilização [feminine] (葡萄牙語), соёл иргэншил (蒙古語), beskaving (西弗里斯蘭語), civilización [feminine] (西班牙語), цивилизација [feminine] (西里爾字母), văn minh (越南語), 文明 (越南語), مدنیت (medeniyyet) (鄂圖曼土耳其語), تمدن (temeddün) (鄂圖曼土耳其語), sivilizasiya (阿塞拜疆語), mədəniyyət (阿塞拜疆語), ስልጣኔ [masculine] (阿姆哈拉語), ሥልጣኔ [masculine] (阿姆哈拉語), حِضَارَة [feminine] (阿拉伯語), تَمَدُّن [masculine] (阿拉伯語), مَدَنِيَّة [feminine] (阿拉伯語), civilización [feminine] (阿斯圖里亞斯語), qytetërim (阿爾巴尼亞語), kulturë (阿爾巴尼亞語), tamadun (馬來語), peradaban (馬來語), цивилиза́ција [feminine] (馬其頓語), култу́ра [feminine] (馬其頓語), ċiviltà [feminine] (馬爾他語), អរិយធម៌ (高棉語)
Categories (other): 上古漢語動詞, 上古漢語名詞, 上古漢語形容詞, 上古漢語詞元, 中古漢語動詞, 中古漢語名詞, 中古漢語形容詞, 中古漢語詞元, 吳語動詞, 吳語名詞, 吳語形容詞, 吳語詞元, 四川話動詞, 四川話名詞, 四川話形容詞, 四川話詞元, 官話動詞, 官話名詞, 官話形容詞, 官話詞元, 客家語動詞, 客家語名詞, 客家語形容詞, 客家語詞元, 帶「文」的漢語詞, 帶「明」的漢語詞, 有4個詞條的頁面, 有同音詞的官話詞, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有詞條的頁面, 東干語動詞, 東干語名詞, 東干語形容詞, 東干語詞元, 泉漳話動詞, 泉漳話名詞, 泉漳話形容詞, 泉漳話詞元, 漢語動詞, 漢語名詞, 漢語形容詞, 漢語水平考試乙級詞, 漢語詞元, 潮州話動詞, 潮州話名詞, 潮州話形容詞, 潮州話詞元, 粵語動詞, 粵語名詞, 粵語形容詞, 粵語詞元, 閩東語動詞, 閩東語名詞, 閩東語形容詞, 閩東語詞元 Derived forms: 政治文明, 文明人 (wénmíngrén), 文明國家 [Traditional Chinese], 文明国家 [Simplified Chinese], 文明小史 (Wénmíng Xiǎoshǐ), 文明戲 (wénmíngxì) [Traditional Chinese], 文明戏 (wénmíngxì) [Simplified Chinese], 文明棍 (wénmínggùn), 文明腳 [Traditional Chinese], 文明脚 [Simplified Chinese], 文明觀球 [Traditional Chinese], 文明观球 [Simplified Chinese], 物質文明 (wùzhì wénmíng) [Traditional Chinese], 物质文明 (wùzhì wénmíng) [Simplified Chinese], 生態文明 [Traditional Chinese], 生态文明 [Simplified Chinese], 精神文明 (jīngshén wénmíng)

Verb [漢語]

IPA: /wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵/ [Mandarin, Standard Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /uən²¹ min²¹/ [Mandarin, IPA], /vəŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/ [Mandarin, IPA], /mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹/ [Cantonese, IPA], /vun¹¹ min¹¹/ [IPA], /uŋ⁵³⁻³³ miŋ⁵³/ [Eastern Min, IPA], /bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/ [Southern Min], /bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/ [Southern Min], /bun¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/ [Southern Min], /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/ [Southern Min], /bun²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/ [Southern Min], /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵/ [Southern Min, Teochew, IPA], /vən²² min⁴⁴/ [Wu, Shanghai]
  1. 明察
    Sense id: zh-文明-zh-verb-6sU57DLD Categories (other): 有引文的文言文詞
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): 上古漢語動詞, 上古漢語名詞, 上古漢語形容詞, 上古漢語詞元, 中古漢語動詞, 中古漢語名詞, 中古漢語形容詞, 中古漢語詞元, 吳語動詞, 吳語名詞, 吳語形容詞, 吳語詞元, 四川話動詞, 四川話名詞, 四川話形容詞, 四川話詞元, 官話動詞, 官話名詞, 官話形容詞, 官話詞元, 客家語動詞, 客家語名詞, 客家語形容詞, 客家語詞元, 帶「文」的漢語詞, 帶「明」的漢語詞, 有4個詞條的頁面, 有同音詞的官話詞, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有詞條的頁面, 東干語動詞, 東干語名詞, 東干語形容詞, 東干語詞元, 泉漳話動詞, 泉漳話名詞, 泉漳話形容詞, 泉漳話詞元, 漢語動詞, 漢語名詞, 漢語形容詞, 漢語水平考試乙級詞, 漢語詞元, 潮州話動詞, 潮州話名詞, 潮州話形容詞, 潮州話詞元, 粵語動詞, 粵語名詞, 粵語形容詞, 粵語詞元, 閩東語動詞, 閩東語名詞, 閩東語形容詞, 閩東語詞元 Derived forms: 政治文明, 文明人 (wénmíngrén), 文明國家 [Traditional Chinese], 文明国家 [Simplified Chinese], 文明小史 (Wénmíng Xiǎoshǐ), 文明戲 (wénmíngxì) [Traditional Chinese], 文明戏 (wénmíngxì) [Simplified Chinese], 文明棍 (wénmínggùn), 文明腳 [Traditional Chinese], 文明脚 [Simplified Chinese], 文明觀球 [Traditional Chinese], 文明观球 [Simplified Chinese], 物質文明 (wùzhì wénmíng) [Traditional Chinese], 物质文明 (wùzhì wénmíng) [Simplified Chinese], 生態文明 [Traditional Chinese], 生态文明 [Simplified Chinese], 精神文明 (jīngshén wénmíng)

Adjective [越南語]

  1. văn minh的漢字。 Tags: form-of Form of: văn minh
    Sense id: zh-文明-vi-adj-sjQxw6V8 Categories (other): 儒字
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated

Inflected forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "上古漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "上古漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "上古漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "上古漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「文」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「明」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有同音詞的官話詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "東干語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "東干語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "東干語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "東干語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語水平考試乙級詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "政治文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngrén",
      "word": "文明人"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明國家"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明国家"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Wénmíng Xiǎoshǐ",
      "word": "文明小史"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngxì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明戲"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngxì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明戏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmínggùn",
      "word": "文明棍"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明腳"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明脚"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明觀球"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明观球"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wùzhì wénmíng",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "物質文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wùzhì wénmíng",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "物质文明"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生態文明"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生态文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jīngshén wénmíng",
      "word": "精神文明"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "分類詞為「個」的漢語名詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有使用例的官話詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的官話詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的文言文詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "classifiers": [
        {
          "classifier": "個",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese",
            "Mandarin"
          ]
        },
        {
          "classifier": "个",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese",
            "Mandarin"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "roman": "zhōnghuá wénmíng",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "中華文明"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zhōnghuá wénmíng",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "中华文明"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sì dà wénmíng gǔguó",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "四大文明古國"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sì dà wénmíng gǔguó",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "四大文明古国"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Shū shì chuándì wénmíng de gōngjù.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "書是傳遞文明的工具。"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Shū shì chuándì wénmíng de gōngjù.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "书是传递文明的工具。"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Rén yǔ qítā shēngwù zuìdà de bùtóng, jiùshì yōngyǒu wénmíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "人與其他生物最大的不同,就是擁有文明。"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Rén yǔ qítā shēngwù zuìdà de bùtóng, jiùshì yōngyǒu wénmíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "人与其他生物最大的不同,就是拥有文明。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1671年,李漁《閑情偶寄‧詞曲下‧格局》",
          "roman": "Ruò yīn hǎojù bù lái, suì yǐ lǐcí sèzé, zé zǒurù huāngwú yī lù, qiú pì cǎomèi ér zhì wénmíng, bùkě dé yǐ.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "若因好句不來,遂以俚詞塞責,則走入荒蕪一路,求辟草昧而致文明,不可得矣。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1671年,李漁《閑情偶寄‧詞曲下‧格局》",
          "roman": "Ruò yīn hǎojù bù lái, suì yǐ lǐcí sèzé, zé zǒurù huāngwú yī lù, qiú pì cǎomèi ér zhì wénmíng, bùkě dé yǐ.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "若因好句不来,遂以俚词塞责,则走入荒芜一路,求辟草昧而致文明,不可得矣。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1906年,秋瑾《憤時疊前韻》",
          "roman": "Wénmíng zhǒngzǐ yǐ méngyá, hǎo zhèn jīngshén ài suìhuá.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Written vernacular Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明種子已萌芽,好振精神愛歲華。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1906年,秋瑾《憤時疊前韻》",
          "roman": "Wénmíng zhǒngzǐ yǐ méngyá, hǎo zhèn jīngshén ài suìhuá.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Written vernacular Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明种子已萌芽,好振精神爱岁华。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1933年6月16日,魯迅《「抄靶子」》",
          "roman": "Zhōngguó jiūjìng shì wénmíng zuì gǔ de dìfāng, yěshì sù zhòng réndào de guódù, duìyú rén, shì yīxiàng fēicháng zhòngshì de.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "中國究竟是文明最古的地方,也是素重人道的國度,對於人,是一向非常重視的。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1933年6月16日,魯迅《「抄靶子」》",
          "roman": "Zhōngguó jiūjìng shì wénmíng zuì gǔ de dìfāng, yěshì sù zhòng réndào de guódù, duìyú rén, shì yīxiàng fēicháng zhòngshì de.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "中国究竟是文明最古的地方,也是素重人道的国度,对于人,是一向非常重视的。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "人類社會進步開化的狀態"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文明-zh-noun-zrxN6uOM"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有使用例的官話詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的文言文詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "roman": "jiāqiáng wénmíng yìshí",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "加強文明意識"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiāqiáng wénmíng yìshí",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "加强文明意识"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiǎng wénmíng, shù xīnfēng",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "講文明,樹新風"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiǎng wénmíng, shù xīnfēng",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "讲文明,树新风"
        },
        {
          "ref": "前蜀·杜光庭《賀黃雲表》",
          "roman": "Róu yuǎnsú yǐ wénmíng, shè xiōngnú yǐ wǔlüè.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "柔遠俗以文明,懾凶奴以武略。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "前蜀·杜光庭《賀黃雲表》",
          "roman": "Róu yuǎnsú yǐ wénmíng, shè xiōngnú yǐ wǔlüè.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "柔远俗以文明,慑凶奴以武略。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "宋·司馬光《王書記以近詩三篇相示光各摭其意以詩》",
          "roman": "Cháojiā wénmíng suǒjí yuǎn, yújīn táigé yóu chánlián.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "朝家文明所及遠,於今臺閣尤蟬聯。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "宋·司馬光《王書記以近詩三篇相示光各摭其意以詩》",
          "roman": "Cháojiā wénmíng suǒjí yuǎn, yújīn táigé yóu chánlián.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "朝家文明所及远,于今台阁尤蝉联。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "文治教化"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文明-zh-noun-wXbOsISe"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wen² min²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語",
        "西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вынмин (vɨnmin, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-mìn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "平話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-mìng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bêng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ mêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-min"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wúnmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wên²-ming²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wén-míng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenming"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вэньмин (vɛnʹmin)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文明",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "聞名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "闻名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wen² min²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拉丁化新文字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenmin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uən²¹ min²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語",
        "西里爾字母",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вынмин (vɨnmin, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "màhn mìhng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "men⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-mìn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家語拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun^ˇ min^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun² min²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vun¹¹ min¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州話",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-mìng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻³³ miŋ⁵³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bêng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bîng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bunbeeng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ mêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûng mêng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-min"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "吳音小字典"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ven^去 min"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "³ven-min"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vən²² min⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "國際音標 (上海"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中古漢語"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "mjun mjaeng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "上古",
        "白–沙"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "/*mə[n] mraŋ/"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "上古",
        "鄭張"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "/*mɯn mraŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "阿爾巴尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "word": "qytetërim"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿爾巴尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "word": "kulturë"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿姆哈拉語",
      "lang_code": "am",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ስልጣኔ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿姆哈拉語",
      "lang_code": "am",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ሥልጣኔ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "حِضَارَة"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "تَمَدُّن"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "مَدَنِيَّة"
    },
    {
      "lang": "埃及阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "arz",
      "roman": "ḥaḍāra",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "حضارة"
    },
    {
      "lang": "亞美尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "word": "քաղաքակրթություն"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿斯圖里亞斯語",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilización"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿塞拜疆語",
      "lang_code": "az",
      "word": "sivilizasiya"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿塞拜疆語",
      "lang_code": "az",
      "word": "mədəniyyət"
    },
    {
      "lang": "白俄羅斯語",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цывіліза́цыя"
    },
    {
      "lang": "孟加拉語",
      "lang_code": "bn",
      "word": "সভ্যতা"
    },
    {
      "lang": "孟加拉語",
      "lang_code": "bn",
      "word": "তমদ্দুন"
    },
    {
      "lang": "孟加拉語",
      "lang_code": "bn",
      "roman": "tôhjib",
      "word": "তহজিব"
    },
    {
      "lang": "布列塔尼語",
      "lang_code": "br",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sevenadur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "保加利亞語",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цивилиза́ция"
    },
    {
      "lang": "緬甸語",
      "lang_code": "my",
      "word": "ယဉ်ကျေးမှု"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加泰羅尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilització"
    },
    {
      "lang": "科普特語",
      "lang_code": "cop",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizace"
    },
    {
      "lang": "丹麥語",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "civilisation"
    },
    {
      "lang": "丹麥語",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "kultur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "荷蘭語",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "beschaving"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "civilization"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "civilisation"
    },
    {
      "lang": "世界語",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "word": "civilizo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "愛沙尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "word": "tsivilisatsioon"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法羅語",
      "lang_code": "fo",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mentan"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法羅語",
      "lang_code": "fo",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "siðmenning"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "kulttuuri"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "korkeakulttuuri"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "sivilisaatio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilisation"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加利西亞語",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilización"
    },
    {
      "lang": "格魯吉亞語",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "word": "ცივილიზაცია"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Zivilisation"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Kultur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "希臘語",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πολιτισμός"
    },
    {
      "alt": "צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה / ציוויליזציה",
      "lang": "希伯來語",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "tsivilizátsia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ציוויליזציה"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "सभ्यता"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "word": "civilizáció"
    },
    {
      "lang": "冰島語",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "siðmenning"
    },
    {
      "lang": "愛爾蘭語",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sibhialtacht"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意大利語",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civiltà"
    },
    {
      "lang": "日語",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "ぶんめい, bunmei",
      "word": "文明"
    },
    {
      "lang": "哈薩克語",
      "lang_code": "kk",
      "word": "өркениет"
    },
    {
      "lang": "高棉語",
      "lang_code": "km",
      "word": "អរិយធម៌"
    },
    {
      "lang": "朝鮮語",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "word": "문명(文明)"
    },
    {
      "lang": "中庫爾德語",
      "lang_code": "ckb",
      "word": "ئاوەدانی"
    },
    {
      "lang": "吉爾吉斯語",
      "lang_code": "ky",
      "word": "цивилизация"
    },
    {
      "lang": "吉爾吉斯語",
      "lang_code": "ky",
      "word": "маданият"
    },
    {
      "lang": "老撾語",
      "lang_code": "lo",
      "word": "ອາລິຍະທຳ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "拉丁語",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "exculta hominum vīta"
    },
    {
      "lang": "拉脫維亞語",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizācija"
    },
    {
      "lang": "利古里亞語",
      "lang_code": "lij",
      "word": "civiltæ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "立陶宛語",
      "lang_code": "lt",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizacija"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬其頓語",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цивилиза́ција"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬其頓語",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "култу́ра"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬來語",
      "lang_code": "ms",
      "word": "tamadun"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬來語",
      "lang_code": "ms",
      "word": "peradaban"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬爾他語",
      "lang_code": "mt",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ċiviltà"
    },
    {
      "lang": "滿語",
      "lang_code": "mnc",
      "word": "ᡧᡠ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "毛利語",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "word": "puāwaitanga"
    },
    {
      "lang": "蒙古語",
      "lang_code": "mn",
      "word": "соёл иргэншил"
    },
    {
      "lang": "尼泊爾語",
      "lang_code": "ne",
      "word": "सभ्यता"
    },
    {
      "lang": "挪威語",
      "lang_code": "no",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sivilisasjon"
    },
    {
      "lang": "鄂圖曼土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "medeniyyet",
      "word": "مدنیت"
    },
    {
      "lang": "鄂圖曼土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "temeddün",
      "word": "تمدن"
    },
    {
      "lang": "普什圖語",
      "lang_code": "ps",
      "roman": "tamadón",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "تمدن"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波斯語",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "tamaddon",
      "word": "تمدن"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波斯語",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "madaniyyat",
      "word": "مدنیت"
    },
    {
      "lang": "皮埃蒙特語",
      "lang_code": "pms",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sivilisassion"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波蘭語",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cywilizacja"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙語",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilização"
    },
    {
      "lang": "羅馬尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizație"
    },
    {
      "lang": "羅馬尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cultură"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цивилиза́ция"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "культу́ра"
    },
    {
      "lang": "盧森尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "rue",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цівіліза́ція"
    },
    {
      "lang": "梵語",
      "lang_code": "sa",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "सभ्यता"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西里爾字母",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цивилизација"
    },
    {
      "lang": "拉丁字母",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizácija"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛伐克語",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizácia"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛文尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "sl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizacija"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙語",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilización"
    },
    {
      "lang": "瑞典語",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "civilisation"
    },
    {
      "lang": "瑞典語",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "kultur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "他加祿語",
      "lang_code": "tl",
      "word": "kabihasnan"
    },
    {
      "lang": "塔吉克語",
      "lang_code": "tg",
      "word": "тамаддун"
    },
    {
      "lang": "塔吉克語",
      "lang_code": "tg",
      "word": "маданият"
    },
    {
      "lang": "泰語",
      "lang_code": "th",
      "word": "อารยธรรม"
    },
    {
      "lang": "提格里尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ti",
      "word": "ስልጣኔ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "word": "ekinç"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "word": "medeniyet"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "word": "uygarlık"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土庫曼語",
      "lang_code": "tk",
      "word": "medeniýet"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏克蘭語",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цивіліза́ція"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏爾都語",
      "lang_code": "ur",
      "roman": "tahzīb",
      "word": "تہذیب"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏爾都語",
      "lang_code": "ur",
      "roman": "tamaddun",
      "word": "تمدن"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏茲別克語",
      "lang_code": "uz",
      "word": "tamaddun"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏茲別克語",
      "lang_code": "uz",
      "word": "madaniyat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏茲別克語",
      "lang_code": "uz",
      "word": "tsivilizatsiya"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏茲別克語",
      "lang_code": "uz",
      "word": "sivilizatsiya"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "word": "văn minh"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "word": "文明"
    },
    {
      "lang": "瓦隆語",
      "lang_code": "wa",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizåcion"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西弗里斯蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fy",
      "word": "beskaving"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意第緒語",
      "lang_code": "yi",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ציוויליזאַציע"
    }
  ],
  "word": "文明"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "yěmán",
      "sense": "文明",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "野蠻"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yěmán",
      "sense": "文明",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "野蛮"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "上古漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "上古漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "上古漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "上古漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「文」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「明」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有同音詞的官話詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "東干語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "東干語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "東干語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "東干語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語水平考試乙級詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "政治文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngrén",
      "word": "文明人"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明國家"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明国家"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Wénmíng Xiǎoshǐ",
      "word": "文明小史"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngxì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明戲"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngxì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明戏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmínggùn",
      "word": "文明棍"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明腳"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明脚"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明觀球"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明观球"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wùzhì wénmíng",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "物質文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wùzhì wénmíng",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "物质文明"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生態文明"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生态文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jīngshén wénmíng",
      "word": "精神文明"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有使用例的官話詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的文言文詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "roman": "wénmíng xíngwéi",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明行為"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wénmíng xíngwéi",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明行为"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wénmíng jiāowǎng",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明交往"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jǔzhǐ wénmíng",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "舉止文明"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jǔzhǐ wénmíng",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "举止文明"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《尚書》,約公元前4 – 前3世紀",
          "roman": "濬zhé wénmíng, wēngōng yǔnsè.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "濬哲文明,溫恭允塞。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《尚書》,約公元前4 – 前3世紀",
          "roman": "濬zhé wénmíng, wēngōng yǔnsè.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "濬哲文明,温恭允塞。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "沈約,《宋書》,公元492-493年",
          "roman": "Gù néng qíngshēn ér wénmíng, qìshèng ér huàshén, héshùn jī zhōng ér yīnghuá fā wài.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "故能情深而文明,氣盛而化神,和順積中而英華發外。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "沈約,《宋書》,公元492-493年",
          "roman": "Gù néng qíngshēn ér wénmíng, qìshèng ér huàshén, héshùn jī zhōng ér yīnghuá fā wài.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "故能情深而文明,气盛而化神,和顺积中而英华发外。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "宋·釋文瑩《玉壺清話》卷一",
          "roman": "Qǐng wúlǜ, zhǔshàng wénmíng, wúbèi jì yǐ guān shū dézuì, bù yóu yù tā jiù hū?",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "請無慮,主上文明,吾輩茍以觀書得罪,不猶愈他咎乎?"
        },
        {
          "ref": "宋·釋文瑩《玉壺清話》卷一",
          "roman": "Qǐng wúlǜ, zhǔshàng wénmíng, wúbèi jì yǐ guān shū dézuì, bù yóu yù tā jiù hū?",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "请无虑,主上文明,吾辈茍以观书得罪,不犹愈他咎乎?"
        },
        {
          "ref": "元·耶律楚材《繼宋德懋韻》之一",
          "roman": "Shèngrén kāiyùn yì sī nián, ruìzhì wénmíng bǐng zì tiān.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "聖人開運億斯年,睿智文明稟自天。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "元·耶律楚材《繼宋德懋韻》之一",
          "roman": "Shèngrén kāiyùn yì sī nián, ruìzhì wénmíng bǐng zì tiān.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "圣人开运亿斯年,睿智文明禀自天。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "有禮貌的,有教養的"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文明-zh-adj-fCD2vYE9"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的文言文詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語書面用語",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "漢·焦贛《易林‧節之頤》",
          "roman": "Wénmíng zhī shì, xiāo fēng zhù dí.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明之世,銷鋒鑄鏑。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "漢·焦贛《易林‧節之頤》",
          "roman": "Wénmíng zhī shì, xiāo fēng zhù dí.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明之世,销锋铸镝。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "前蜀·貫休《寄懷楚和尚》",
          "roman": "Hé dé wénmíng dài, bù wéi wángzhě shī.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "何得文明代,不為王者師。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "前蜀·貫休《寄懷楚和尚》",
          "roman": "Hé dé wénmíng dài, bù wéi wángzhě shī.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "何得文明代,不为王者师。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "明·高明《琵琶記‧高堂稱壽》",
          "roman": "Bào jīngjì zhī qícái, dāng wénmíng zhī shèngshì.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "抱經濟之奇才,當文明之盛世。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "明·高明《琵琶記‧高堂稱壽》",
          "roman": "Bào jīngjì zhī qícái, dāng wénmíng zhī shèngshì.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "抱经济之奇才,当文明之盛世。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "禮樂法度興盛的"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文明-zh-adj-Tlqy4khe",
      "raw_tags": [
        "指社會、時代"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "古典漢語",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的文言文詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "《易經》,公元前3千紀 – 前2千紀",
          "roman": "Qí dé gāngjiàn ér wénmíng, yìng hū tiān ér shí xíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "其德剛健而文明,應乎天而時行。",
          "translation": "此卦品德是剛健而又文明,順應天道、依時行事而隨時運轉。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《易經》,公元前3千紀 – 前2千紀",
          "roman": "Qí dé gāngjiàn ér wénmíng, yìng hū tiān ér shí xíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "其德刚健而文明,应乎天而时行。",
          "translation": "此卦品德是剛健而又文明,順應天道、依時行事而隨時運轉。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "有文采的"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文明-zh-adj-fVl8~2Id",
      "raw_tags": [
        "古典"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "古典漢語",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的文言文詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "《易經》,公元前3千紀 – 前2千紀",
          "roman": "Jiàn lóng zài tián, tiānxià wénmíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "見龍在田,天下文明。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《易經》,公元前3千紀 – 前2千紀",
          "roman": "Jiàn lóng zài tián, tiānxià wénmíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "见龙在田,天下文明。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "南朝宋·鮑照《河清頌》",
          "roman": "Tàijiē jì píng, hóngshuǐ jì qīng, dàrén zài shàng, qūyǔ wénmíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "泰階既平,洪水既清,大人在上,區宇文明。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "南朝宋·鮑照《河清頌》",
          "roman": "Tàijiē jì píng, hóngshuǐ jì qīng, dàrén zài shàng, qūyǔ wénmíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "泰阶既平,洪水既清,大人在上,区宇文明。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "唐·李白《天長節使鄂州刺史韋公德政碑》",
          "roman": "Yǐ wénmíng hóngyè, shòu zhī yuánliáng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "以文明鴻業,授之元良。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "唐·李白《天長節使鄂州刺史韋公德政碑》",
          "roman": "Yǐ wénmíng hóngyè, shòu zhī yuánliáng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "以文明鸿业,授之元良。"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "繁體和"
          ],
          "ref": "明·宋應星《天工開物‧陶埏》",
          "roman": "Táo chéng yǎqì, yǒu sùjī yùgǔ zhī xiàng yān. Yǎnyìng jīyán, wénmíng kějū.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "陶成雅器,有素肌玉骨之象焉。掩映几筵,文明可掬。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "色彩明亮的"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文明-zh-adj-qv5inGw3",
      "raw_tags": [
        "古典"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的官話詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語過時用語",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "《老殘游記》第一回",
          "roman": "Yī yújiàn kànlái, zhèděng rén kǒngpà bùshì bànshì de rén, zhǐshì yòng jǐ jù wénmíng de huàtóu piàn jǐge qián yòngyong bàle!",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Written vernacular Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "依愚見看來,這等人恐怕不是辦事的人,只是用幾句文明的話頭騙幾個錢用用罷了!"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《老殘游記》第一回",
          "roman": "Yī yújiàn kànlái, zhèděng rén kǒngpà bùshì bànshì de rén, zhǐshì yòng jǐ jù wénmíng de huàtóu piàn jǐge qián yòngyong bàle!",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Written vernacular Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "依愚见看来,这等人恐怕不是办事的人,只是用几句文明的话头骗几个钱用用罢了!"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "新的,現代的"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文明-zh-adj-aV9UER-P",
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wen² min²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語",
        "西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вынмин (vɨnmin, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-mìn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "平話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-mìng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bêng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ mêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-min"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wúnmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wên²-ming²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wén-míng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenming"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вэньмин (vɛnʹmin)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文明",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "聞名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "闻名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wen² min²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拉丁化新文字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenmin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uən²¹ min²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語",
        "西里爾字母",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вынмин (vɨnmin, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "màhn mìhng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "men⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-mìn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家語拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun^ˇ min^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun² min²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vun¹¹ min¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州話",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-mìng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻³³ miŋ⁵³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bêng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bîng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bunbeeng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ mêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûng mêng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-min"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "吳音小字典"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ven^去 min"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "³ven-min"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vən²² min⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "國際音標 (上海"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中古漢語"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "mjun mjaeng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "上古",
        "白–沙"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "/*mə[n] mraŋ/"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "上古",
        "鄭張"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "/*mɯn mraŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "亞美尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "word": "քաղաքակիրթ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "保加利亞語",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "word": "възпитан"
    },
    {
      "lang": "保加利亞語",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "word": "културен"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加泰羅尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "word": "civilitzat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "word": "civilizovaný"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "civilized"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "sivistynyt"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "civilisé"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "zivilisiert"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "word": "सभ्य"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "word": "मुहज्जब"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "word": "शिष्ट"
    },
    {
      "lang": "曼島語",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "ardveenit"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波蘭語",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "word": "cywilizowany"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波蘭語",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "word": "ucywilizowany"
    },
    {
      "lang": "羅馬尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "word": "civilizat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "цивилизо́ванный"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "воспи́танный"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "культу́рный"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙語",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "word": "civilizado"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏克蘭語",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "word": "цивілізо́ваний"
    }
  ],
  "word": "文明"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "上古漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "上古漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "上古漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "上古漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "中古漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「文」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「明」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有同音詞的官話詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "東干語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "東干語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "東干語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "東干語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語水平考試乙級詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "政治文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngrén",
      "word": "文明人"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明國家"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明国家"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Wénmíng Xiǎoshǐ",
      "word": "文明小史"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngxì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明戲"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngxì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明戏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmínggùn",
      "word": "文明棍"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明腳"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明脚"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明觀球"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明观球"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wùzhì wénmíng",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "物質文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wùzhì wénmíng",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "物质文明"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生態文明"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生态文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jīngshén wénmíng",
      "word": "精神文明"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的文言文詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "《易經》,公元前3千紀 – 前2千紀",
          "roman": "Nèi wénmíng ér wài róushùn, yǐ méng dànàn, Wénwáng yǐ zhī.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "內文明而外柔順,以蒙大難,文王以之。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《易經》,公元前3千紀 – 前2千紀",
          "roman": "Nèi wénmíng ér wài róushùn, yǐ méng dànàn, Wénwáng yǐ zhī.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "内文明而外柔顺,以蒙大难,文王以之。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《後漢書》約公元5世紀",
          "roman": "Yǔnèi wénmíng, dǔxíng chúnbèi, shì mǔ zhì xiào.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "禹內文明,篤行淳備,事母至孝。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《後漢書》約公元5世紀",
          "roman": "Yǔnèi wénmíng, dǔxíng chúnbèi, shì mǔ zhì xiào.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "禹内文明,笃行淳备,事母至孝。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《新唐書》,公元1060年",
          "roman": "Gèn wénmíng yánzhòng, suǒ dào yǐ shànzhèng chēng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "亙文明嚴重,所到以善政稱。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《新唐書》,公元1060年",
          "roman": "Gèn wénmíng yánzhòng, suǒ dào yǐ shànzhèng chēng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "亘文明严重,所到以善政称。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "明察"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文明-zh-verb-6sU57DLD"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wen² min²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語",
        "西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вынмин (vɨnmin, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-mìn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "平話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-mìng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bêng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ mêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-min"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wúnmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wên²-ming²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wén-míng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenming"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вэньмин (vɛnʹmin)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文明",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "聞名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "闻名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wen² min²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拉丁化新文字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenmin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uən²¹ min²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語",
        "西里爾字母",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вынмин (vɨnmin, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "màhn mìhng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "men⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-mìn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家語拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun^ˇ min^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun² min²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vun¹¹ min¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州話",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-mìng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻³³ miŋ⁵³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bêng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bîng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bunbeeng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ mêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûng mêng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-min"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "吳音小字典"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ven^去 min"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "³ven-min"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vən²² min⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "國際音標 (上海"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中古漢語"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "mjun mjaeng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "上古",
        "白–沙"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "/*mə[n] mraŋ/"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "上古",
        "鄭張"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "/*mɯn mraŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "文明"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "日語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "日語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有一年級漢字的日語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有二年級漢字的日語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有兩個漢字的日語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "派生自中古漢語的日語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "源自中古漢語的日語借詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "源自中古漢語的日語古典借詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "bunmeikaika",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "文",
          "ぶん"
        ],
        [
          "明",
          "めい"
        ],
        [
          "開",
          "かい"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "文明開化"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "古典借詞,源自中古漢語 文明 (中古 mjun mjaeng)。",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "文明",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "文",
          "ぶん"
        ],
        [
          "明",
          "めい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bunmei",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "日語",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "人類社會進步開化的狀態"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文明-ja-noun-zrxN6uOM"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "homophone": "分明"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文名"
    }
  ],
  "word": "文明"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "以漢字書寫的朝鮮語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "朝鮮語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "朝鮮語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "munmyeong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "문명",
      "raw_tags": [
        "韓文"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "朝鮮語",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "문명"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "문명 (munmyeong)的漢字。"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文明-ko-noun-xX2A0nE0",
      "tags": [
        "form-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "文明"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "以漢字書寫的越南語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "越南語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "越南語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "越南語",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "儒字",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "văn minh"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "văn minh的漢字。"
      ],
      "id": "zh-文明-vi-adj-sjQxw6V8",
      "tags": [
        "form-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "文明"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "日語名詞",
    "日語詞元",
    "有4個詞條的頁面",
    "有一年級漢字的日語詞",
    "有二年級漢字的日語詞",
    "有兩個漢字的日語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "派生自中古漢語的日語詞",
    "源自中古漢語的日語借詞",
    "源自中古漢語的日語古典借詞"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "bunmeikaika",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "文",
          "ぶん"
        ],
        [
          "明",
          "めい"
        ],
        [
          "開",
          "かい"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "文明開化"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "古典借詞,源自中古漢語 文明 (中古 mjun mjaeng)。",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "文明",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "文",
          "ぶん"
        ],
        [
          "明",
          "めい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bunmei",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "日語",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "人類社會進步開化的狀態"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "homophone": "分明"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文名"
    }
  ],
  "word": "文明"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "以漢字書寫的朝鮮語名詞",
    "有4個詞條的頁面",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "朝鮮語名詞",
    "朝鮮語詞元"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "munmyeong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "문명",
      "raw_tags": [
        "韓文"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "朝鮮語",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "문명"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "문명 (munmyeong)的漢字。"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "文明"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "上古漢語動詞",
    "上古漢語名詞",
    "上古漢語形容詞",
    "上古漢語詞元",
    "中古漢語動詞",
    "中古漢語名詞",
    "中古漢語形容詞",
    "中古漢語詞元",
    "吳語動詞",
    "吳語名詞",
    "吳語形容詞",
    "吳語詞元",
    "四川話動詞",
    "四川話名詞",
    "四川話形容詞",
    "四川話詞元",
    "官話動詞",
    "官話名詞",
    "官話形容詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "客家語動詞",
    "客家語名詞",
    "客家語形容詞",
    "客家語詞元",
    "帶「文」的漢語詞",
    "帶「明」的漢語詞",
    "有4個詞條的頁面",
    "有同音詞的官話詞",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "東干語動詞",
    "東干語名詞",
    "東干語形容詞",
    "東干語詞元",
    "泉漳話動詞",
    "泉漳話名詞",
    "泉漳話形容詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語動詞",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語形容詞",
    "漢語水平考試乙級詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "潮州話動詞",
    "潮州話名詞",
    "潮州話形容詞",
    "潮州話詞元",
    "粵語動詞",
    "粵語名詞",
    "粵語形容詞",
    "粵語詞元",
    "閩東語動詞",
    "閩東語名詞",
    "閩東語形容詞",
    "閩東語詞元"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "政治文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngrén",
      "word": "文明人"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明國家"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明国家"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Wénmíng Xiǎoshǐ",
      "word": "文明小史"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngxì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明戲"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngxì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明戏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmínggùn",
      "word": "文明棍"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明腳"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明脚"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明觀球"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明观球"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wùzhì wénmíng",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "物質文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wùzhì wénmíng",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "物质文明"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生態文明"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生态文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jīngshén wénmíng",
      "word": "精神文明"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "分類詞為「個」的漢語名詞",
        "有使用例的官話詞",
        "有引文的官話詞",
        "有引文的文言文詞"
      ],
      "classifiers": [
        {
          "classifier": "個",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese",
            "Mandarin"
          ]
        },
        {
          "classifier": "个",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese",
            "Mandarin"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "roman": "zhōnghuá wénmíng",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "中華文明"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zhōnghuá wénmíng",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "中华文明"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sì dà wénmíng gǔguó",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "四大文明古國"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sì dà wénmíng gǔguó",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "四大文明古国"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Shū shì chuándì wénmíng de gōngjù.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "書是傳遞文明的工具。"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Shū shì chuándì wénmíng de gōngjù.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "书是传递文明的工具。"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Rén yǔ qítā shēngwù zuìdà de bùtóng, jiùshì yōngyǒu wénmíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "人與其他生物最大的不同,就是擁有文明。"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Rén yǔ qítā shēngwù zuìdà de bùtóng, jiùshì yōngyǒu wénmíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "人与其他生物最大的不同,就是拥有文明。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1671年,李漁《閑情偶寄‧詞曲下‧格局》",
          "roman": "Ruò yīn hǎojù bù lái, suì yǐ lǐcí sèzé, zé zǒurù huāngwú yī lù, qiú pì cǎomèi ér zhì wénmíng, bùkě dé yǐ.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "若因好句不來,遂以俚詞塞責,則走入荒蕪一路,求辟草昧而致文明,不可得矣。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1671年,李漁《閑情偶寄‧詞曲下‧格局》",
          "roman": "Ruò yīn hǎojù bù lái, suì yǐ lǐcí sèzé, zé zǒurù huāngwú yī lù, qiú pì cǎomèi ér zhì wénmíng, bùkě dé yǐ.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "若因好句不来,遂以俚词塞责,则走入荒芜一路,求辟草昧而致文明,不可得矣。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1906年,秋瑾《憤時疊前韻》",
          "roman": "Wénmíng zhǒngzǐ yǐ méngyá, hǎo zhèn jīngshén ài suìhuá.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Written vernacular Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明種子已萌芽,好振精神愛歲華。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1906年,秋瑾《憤時疊前韻》",
          "roman": "Wénmíng zhǒngzǐ yǐ méngyá, hǎo zhèn jīngshén ài suìhuá.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Written vernacular Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明种子已萌芽,好振精神爱岁华。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1933年6月16日,魯迅《「抄靶子」》",
          "roman": "Zhōngguó jiūjìng shì wénmíng zuì gǔ de dìfāng, yěshì sù zhòng réndào de guódù, duìyú rén, shì yīxiàng fēicháng zhòngshì de.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "中國究竟是文明最古的地方,也是素重人道的國度,對於人,是一向非常重視的。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1933年6月16日,魯迅《「抄靶子」》",
          "roman": "Zhōngguó jiūjìng shì wénmíng zuì gǔ de dìfāng, yěshì sù zhòng réndào de guódù, duìyú rén, shì yīxiàng fēicháng zhòngshì de.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "中国究竟是文明最古的地方,也是素重人道的国度,对于人,是一向非常重视的。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "人類社會進步開化的狀態"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "有使用例的官話詞",
        "有引文的文言文詞"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "roman": "jiāqiáng wénmíng yìshí",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "加強文明意識"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiāqiáng wénmíng yìshí",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "加强文明意识"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiǎng wénmíng, shù xīnfēng",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "講文明,樹新風"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiǎng wénmíng, shù xīnfēng",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "讲文明,树新风"
        },
        {
          "ref": "前蜀·杜光庭《賀黃雲表》",
          "roman": "Róu yuǎnsú yǐ wénmíng, shè xiōngnú yǐ wǔlüè.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "柔遠俗以文明,懾凶奴以武略。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "前蜀·杜光庭《賀黃雲表》",
          "roman": "Róu yuǎnsú yǐ wénmíng, shè xiōngnú yǐ wǔlüè.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "柔远俗以文明,慑凶奴以武略。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "宋·司馬光《王書記以近詩三篇相示光各摭其意以詩》",
          "roman": "Cháojiā wénmíng suǒjí yuǎn, yújīn táigé yóu chánlián.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "朝家文明所及遠,於今臺閣尤蟬聯。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "宋·司馬光《王書記以近詩三篇相示光各摭其意以詩》",
          "roman": "Cháojiā wénmíng suǒjí yuǎn, yújīn táigé yóu chánlián.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "朝家文明所及远,于今台阁尤蝉联。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "文治教化"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wen² min²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語",
        "西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вынмин (vɨnmin, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-mìn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "平話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-mìng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bêng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ mêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-min"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wúnmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wên²-ming²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wén-míng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenming"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вэньмин (vɛnʹmin)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文明",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "聞名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "闻名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wen² min²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拉丁化新文字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenmin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uən²¹ min²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語",
        "西里爾字母",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вынмин (vɨnmin, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "màhn mìhng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "men⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-mìn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家語拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun^ˇ min^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun² min²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vun¹¹ min¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州話",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-mìng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻³³ miŋ⁵³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bêng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bîng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bunbeeng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ mêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûng mêng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-min"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "吳音小字典"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ven^去 min"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "³ven-min"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vən²² min⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "國際音標 (上海"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中古漢語"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "mjun mjaeng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "上古",
        "白–沙"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "/*mə[n] mraŋ/"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "上古",
        "鄭張"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "/*mɯn mraŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "阿爾巴尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "word": "qytetërim"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿爾巴尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "word": "kulturë"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿姆哈拉語",
      "lang_code": "am",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ስልጣኔ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿姆哈拉語",
      "lang_code": "am",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ሥልጣኔ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "حِضَارَة"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "تَمَدُّن"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "مَدَنِيَّة"
    },
    {
      "lang": "埃及阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "arz",
      "roman": "ḥaḍāra",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "حضارة"
    },
    {
      "lang": "亞美尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "word": "քաղաքակրթություն"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿斯圖里亞斯語",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilización"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿塞拜疆語",
      "lang_code": "az",
      "word": "sivilizasiya"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿塞拜疆語",
      "lang_code": "az",
      "word": "mədəniyyət"
    },
    {
      "lang": "白俄羅斯語",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цывіліза́цыя"
    },
    {
      "lang": "孟加拉語",
      "lang_code": "bn",
      "word": "সভ্যতা"
    },
    {
      "lang": "孟加拉語",
      "lang_code": "bn",
      "word": "তমদ্দুন"
    },
    {
      "lang": "孟加拉語",
      "lang_code": "bn",
      "roman": "tôhjib",
      "word": "তহজিব"
    },
    {
      "lang": "布列塔尼語",
      "lang_code": "br",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sevenadur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "保加利亞語",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цивилиза́ция"
    },
    {
      "lang": "緬甸語",
      "lang_code": "my",
      "word": "ယဉ်ကျေးမှု"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加泰羅尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilització"
    },
    {
      "lang": "科普特語",
      "lang_code": "cop",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizace"
    },
    {
      "lang": "丹麥語",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "civilisation"
    },
    {
      "lang": "丹麥語",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "kultur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "荷蘭語",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "beschaving"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "civilization"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "civilisation"
    },
    {
      "lang": "世界語",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "word": "civilizo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "愛沙尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "word": "tsivilisatsioon"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法羅語",
      "lang_code": "fo",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mentan"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法羅語",
      "lang_code": "fo",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "siðmenning"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "kulttuuri"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "korkeakulttuuri"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "sivilisaatio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilisation"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加利西亞語",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilización"
    },
    {
      "lang": "格魯吉亞語",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "word": "ცივილიზაცია"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Zivilisation"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Kultur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "希臘語",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πολιτισμός"
    },
    {
      "alt": "צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה / ציוויליזציה",
      "lang": "希伯來語",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "tsivilizátsia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ציוויליזציה"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "सभ्यता"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "word": "civilizáció"
    },
    {
      "lang": "冰島語",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "siðmenning"
    },
    {
      "lang": "愛爾蘭語",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sibhialtacht"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意大利語",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civiltà"
    },
    {
      "lang": "日語",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "ぶんめい, bunmei",
      "word": "文明"
    },
    {
      "lang": "哈薩克語",
      "lang_code": "kk",
      "word": "өркениет"
    },
    {
      "lang": "高棉語",
      "lang_code": "km",
      "word": "អរិយធម៌"
    },
    {
      "lang": "朝鮮語",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "word": "문명(文明)"
    },
    {
      "lang": "中庫爾德語",
      "lang_code": "ckb",
      "word": "ئاوەدانی"
    },
    {
      "lang": "吉爾吉斯語",
      "lang_code": "ky",
      "word": "цивилизация"
    },
    {
      "lang": "吉爾吉斯語",
      "lang_code": "ky",
      "word": "маданият"
    },
    {
      "lang": "老撾語",
      "lang_code": "lo",
      "word": "ອາລິຍະທຳ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "拉丁語",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "exculta hominum vīta"
    },
    {
      "lang": "拉脫維亞語",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizācija"
    },
    {
      "lang": "利古里亞語",
      "lang_code": "lij",
      "word": "civiltæ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "立陶宛語",
      "lang_code": "lt",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizacija"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬其頓語",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цивилиза́ција"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬其頓語",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "култу́ра"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬來語",
      "lang_code": "ms",
      "word": "tamadun"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬來語",
      "lang_code": "ms",
      "word": "peradaban"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬爾他語",
      "lang_code": "mt",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ċiviltà"
    },
    {
      "lang": "滿語",
      "lang_code": "mnc",
      "word": "ᡧᡠ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "毛利語",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "word": "puāwaitanga"
    },
    {
      "lang": "蒙古語",
      "lang_code": "mn",
      "word": "соёл иргэншил"
    },
    {
      "lang": "尼泊爾語",
      "lang_code": "ne",
      "word": "सभ्यता"
    },
    {
      "lang": "挪威語",
      "lang_code": "no",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sivilisasjon"
    },
    {
      "lang": "鄂圖曼土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "medeniyyet",
      "word": "مدنیت"
    },
    {
      "lang": "鄂圖曼土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "temeddün",
      "word": "تمدن"
    },
    {
      "lang": "普什圖語",
      "lang_code": "ps",
      "roman": "tamadón",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "تمدن"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波斯語",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "tamaddon",
      "word": "تمدن"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波斯語",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "madaniyyat",
      "word": "مدنیت"
    },
    {
      "lang": "皮埃蒙特語",
      "lang_code": "pms",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sivilisassion"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波蘭語",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cywilizacja"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙語",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilização"
    },
    {
      "lang": "羅馬尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizație"
    },
    {
      "lang": "羅馬尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cultură"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цивилиза́ция"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "культу́ра"
    },
    {
      "lang": "盧森尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "rue",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цівіліза́ція"
    },
    {
      "lang": "梵語",
      "lang_code": "sa",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "सभ्यता"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西里爾字母",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цивилизација"
    },
    {
      "lang": "拉丁字母",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizácija"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛伐克語",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizácia"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛文尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "sl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizacija"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙語",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilización"
    },
    {
      "lang": "瑞典語",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "civilisation"
    },
    {
      "lang": "瑞典語",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "kultur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "他加祿語",
      "lang_code": "tl",
      "word": "kabihasnan"
    },
    {
      "lang": "塔吉克語",
      "lang_code": "tg",
      "word": "тамаддун"
    },
    {
      "lang": "塔吉克語",
      "lang_code": "tg",
      "word": "маданият"
    },
    {
      "lang": "泰語",
      "lang_code": "th",
      "word": "อารยธรรม"
    },
    {
      "lang": "提格里尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ti",
      "word": "ስልጣኔ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "word": "ekinç"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "word": "medeniyet"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "word": "uygarlık"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土庫曼語",
      "lang_code": "tk",
      "word": "medeniýet"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏克蘭語",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цивіліза́ція"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏爾都語",
      "lang_code": "ur",
      "roman": "tahzīb",
      "word": "تہذیب"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏爾都語",
      "lang_code": "ur",
      "roman": "tamaddun",
      "word": "تمدن"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏茲別克語",
      "lang_code": "uz",
      "word": "tamaddun"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏茲別克語",
      "lang_code": "uz",
      "word": "madaniyat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏茲別克語",
      "lang_code": "uz",
      "word": "tsivilizatsiya"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏茲別克語",
      "lang_code": "uz",
      "word": "sivilizatsiya"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "word": "văn minh"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "word": "文明"
    },
    {
      "lang": "瓦隆語",
      "lang_code": "wa",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "civilizåcion"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西弗里斯蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fy",
      "word": "beskaving"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意第緒語",
      "lang_code": "yi",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ציוויליזאַציע"
    }
  ],
  "word": "文明"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "yěmán",
      "sense": "文明",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "野蠻"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yěmán",
      "sense": "文明",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "野蛮"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "上古漢語動詞",
    "上古漢語名詞",
    "上古漢語形容詞",
    "上古漢語詞元",
    "中古漢語動詞",
    "中古漢語名詞",
    "中古漢語形容詞",
    "中古漢語詞元",
    "吳語動詞",
    "吳語名詞",
    "吳語形容詞",
    "吳語詞元",
    "四川話動詞",
    "四川話名詞",
    "四川話形容詞",
    "四川話詞元",
    "官話動詞",
    "官話名詞",
    "官話形容詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "客家語動詞",
    "客家語名詞",
    "客家語形容詞",
    "客家語詞元",
    "帶「文」的漢語詞",
    "帶「明」的漢語詞",
    "有4個詞條的頁面",
    "有同音詞的官話詞",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "東干語動詞",
    "東干語名詞",
    "東干語形容詞",
    "東干語詞元",
    "泉漳話動詞",
    "泉漳話名詞",
    "泉漳話形容詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語動詞",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語形容詞",
    "漢語水平考試乙級詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "潮州話動詞",
    "潮州話名詞",
    "潮州話形容詞",
    "潮州話詞元",
    "粵語動詞",
    "粵語名詞",
    "粵語形容詞",
    "粵語詞元",
    "閩東語動詞",
    "閩東語名詞",
    "閩東語形容詞",
    "閩東語詞元"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "政治文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngrén",
      "word": "文明人"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明國家"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明国家"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Wénmíng Xiǎoshǐ",
      "word": "文明小史"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngxì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明戲"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngxì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明戏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmínggùn",
      "word": "文明棍"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明腳"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明脚"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明觀球"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明观球"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wùzhì wénmíng",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "物質文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wùzhì wénmíng",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "物质文明"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生態文明"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生态文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jīngshén wénmíng",
      "word": "精神文明"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "有使用例的官話詞",
        "有引文的文言文詞"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "roman": "wénmíng xíngwéi",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明行為"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wénmíng xíngwéi",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明行为"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wénmíng jiāowǎng",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明交往"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jǔzhǐ wénmíng",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "舉止文明"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jǔzhǐ wénmíng",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "举止文明"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《尚書》,約公元前4 – 前3世紀",
          "roman": "濬zhé wénmíng, wēngōng yǔnsè.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "濬哲文明,溫恭允塞。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《尚書》,約公元前4 – 前3世紀",
          "roman": "濬zhé wénmíng, wēngōng yǔnsè.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "濬哲文明,温恭允塞。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "沈約,《宋書》,公元492-493年",
          "roman": "Gù néng qíngshēn ér wénmíng, qìshèng ér huàshén, héshùn jī zhōng ér yīnghuá fā wài.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "故能情深而文明,氣盛而化神,和順積中而英華發外。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "沈約,《宋書》,公元492-493年",
          "roman": "Gù néng qíngshēn ér wénmíng, qìshèng ér huàshén, héshùn jī zhōng ér yīnghuá fā wài.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "故能情深而文明,气盛而化神,和顺积中而英华发外。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "宋·釋文瑩《玉壺清話》卷一",
          "roman": "Qǐng wúlǜ, zhǔshàng wénmíng, wúbèi jì yǐ guān shū dézuì, bù yóu yù tā jiù hū?",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "請無慮,主上文明,吾輩茍以觀書得罪,不猶愈他咎乎?"
        },
        {
          "ref": "宋·釋文瑩《玉壺清話》卷一",
          "roman": "Qǐng wúlǜ, zhǔshàng wénmíng, wúbèi jì yǐ guān shū dézuì, bù yóu yù tā jiù hū?",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "请无虑,主上文明,吾辈茍以观书得罪,不犹愈他咎乎?"
        },
        {
          "ref": "元·耶律楚材《繼宋德懋韻》之一",
          "roman": "Shèngrén kāiyùn yì sī nián, ruìzhì wénmíng bǐng zì tiān.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "聖人開運億斯年,睿智文明稟自天。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "元·耶律楚材《繼宋德懋韻》之一",
          "roman": "Shèngrén kāiyùn yì sī nián, ruìzhì wénmíng bǐng zì tiān.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "圣人开运亿斯年,睿智文明禀自天。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "有禮貌的,有教養的"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "有引文的文言文詞",
        "漢語書面用語"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "漢·焦贛《易林‧節之頤》",
          "roman": "Wénmíng zhī shì, xiāo fēng zhù dí.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明之世,銷鋒鑄鏑。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "漢·焦贛《易林‧節之頤》",
          "roman": "Wénmíng zhī shì, xiāo fēng zhù dí.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "文明之世,销锋铸镝。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "前蜀·貫休《寄懷楚和尚》",
          "roman": "Hé dé wénmíng dài, bù wéi wángzhě shī.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "何得文明代,不為王者師。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "前蜀·貫休《寄懷楚和尚》",
          "roman": "Hé dé wénmíng dài, bù wéi wángzhě shī.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "何得文明代,不为王者师。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "明·高明《琵琶記‧高堂稱壽》",
          "roman": "Bào jīngjì zhī qícái, dāng wénmíng zhī shèngshì.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "抱經濟之奇才,當文明之盛世。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "明·高明《琵琶記‧高堂稱壽》",
          "roman": "Bào jīngjì zhī qícái, dāng wénmíng zhī shèngshì.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "抱经济之奇才,当文明之盛世。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "禮樂法度興盛的"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "指社會、時代"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "古典漢語",
        "有引文的文言文詞"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "《易經》,公元前3千紀 – 前2千紀",
          "roman": "Qí dé gāngjiàn ér wénmíng, yìng hū tiān ér shí xíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "其德剛健而文明,應乎天而時行。",
          "translation": "此卦品德是剛健而又文明,順應天道、依時行事而隨時運轉。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《易經》,公元前3千紀 – 前2千紀",
          "roman": "Qí dé gāngjiàn ér wénmíng, yìng hū tiān ér shí xíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "其德刚健而文明,应乎天而时行。",
          "translation": "此卦品德是剛健而又文明,順應天道、依時行事而隨時運轉。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "有文采的"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "古典"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "古典漢語",
        "有引文的文言文詞"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "《易經》,公元前3千紀 – 前2千紀",
          "roman": "Jiàn lóng zài tián, tiānxià wénmíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "見龍在田,天下文明。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《易經》,公元前3千紀 – 前2千紀",
          "roman": "Jiàn lóng zài tián, tiānxià wénmíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "见龙在田,天下文明。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "南朝宋·鮑照《河清頌》",
          "roman": "Tàijiē jì píng, hóngshuǐ jì qīng, dàrén zài shàng, qūyǔ wénmíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "泰階既平,洪水既清,大人在上,區宇文明。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "南朝宋·鮑照《河清頌》",
          "roman": "Tàijiē jì píng, hóngshuǐ jì qīng, dàrén zài shàng, qūyǔ wénmíng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "泰阶既平,洪水既清,大人在上,区宇文明。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "唐·李白《天長節使鄂州刺史韋公德政碑》",
          "roman": "Yǐ wénmíng hóngyè, shòu zhī yuánliáng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "以文明鴻業,授之元良。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "唐·李白《天長節使鄂州刺史韋公德政碑》",
          "roman": "Yǐ wénmíng hóngyè, shòu zhī yuánliáng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "以文明鸿业,授之元良。"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "繁體和"
          ],
          "ref": "明·宋應星《天工開物‧陶埏》",
          "roman": "Táo chéng yǎqì, yǒu sùjī yùgǔ zhī xiàng yān. Yǎnyìng jīyán, wénmíng kějū.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "陶成雅器,有素肌玉骨之象焉。掩映几筵,文明可掬。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "色彩明亮的"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "古典"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "有引文的官話詞",
        "漢語過時用語"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "《老殘游記》第一回",
          "roman": "Yī yújiàn kànlái, zhèděng rén kǒngpà bùshì bànshì de rén, zhǐshì yòng jǐ jù wénmíng de huàtóu piàn jǐge qián yòngyong bàle!",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Written vernacular Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "依愚見看來,這等人恐怕不是辦事的人,只是用幾句文明的話頭騙幾個錢用用罷了!"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《老殘游記》第一回",
          "roman": "Yī yújiàn kànlái, zhèděng rén kǒngpà bùshì bànshì de rén, zhǐshì yòng jǐ jù wénmíng de huàtóu piàn jǐge qián yòngyong bàle!",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Written vernacular Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "依愚见看来,这等人恐怕不是办事的人,只是用几句文明的话头骗几个钱用用罢了!"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "新的,現代的"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wen² min²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語",
        "西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вынмин (vɨnmin, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-mìn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "平話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-mìng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bêng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ mêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-min"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wúnmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wên²-ming²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wén-míng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenming"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вэньмин (vɛnʹmin)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文明",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "聞名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "闻名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wen² min²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拉丁化新文字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenmin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uən²¹ min²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語",
        "西里爾字母",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вынмин (vɨnmin, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "màhn mìhng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "men⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-mìn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家語拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun^ˇ min^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun² min²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vun¹¹ min¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州話",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-mìng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻³³ miŋ⁵³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bêng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bîng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bunbeeng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ mêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûng mêng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-min"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "吳音小字典"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ven^去 min"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "³ven-min"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vən²² min⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "國際音標 (上海"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中古漢語"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "mjun mjaeng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "上古",
        "白–沙"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "/*mə[n] mraŋ/"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "上古",
        "鄭張"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "/*mɯn mraŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "亞美尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "word": "քաղաքակիրթ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "保加利亞語",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "word": "възпитан"
    },
    {
      "lang": "保加利亞語",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "word": "културен"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加泰羅尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "word": "civilitzat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "word": "civilizovaný"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "civilized"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "sivistynyt"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "civilisé"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "zivilisiert"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "word": "सभ्य"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "word": "मुहज्जब"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "word": "शिष्ट"
    },
    {
      "lang": "曼島語",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "ardveenit"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波蘭語",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "word": "cywilizowany"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波蘭語",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "word": "ucywilizowany"
    },
    {
      "lang": "羅馬尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "word": "civilizat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "цивилизо́ванный"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "воспи́танный"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "word": "культу́рный"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙語",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "word": "civilizado"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏克蘭語",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "word": "цивілізо́ваний"
    }
  ],
  "word": "文明"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "上古漢語動詞",
    "上古漢語名詞",
    "上古漢語形容詞",
    "上古漢語詞元",
    "中古漢語動詞",
    "中古漢語名詞",
    "中古漢語形容詞",
    "中古漢語詞元",
    "吳語動詞",
    "吳語名詞",
    "吳語形容詞",
    "吳語詞元",
    "四川話動詞",
    "四川話名詞",
    "四川話形容詞",
    "四川話詞元",
    "官話動詞",
    "官話名詞",
    "官話形容詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "客家語動詞",
    "客家語名詞",
    "客家語形容詞",
    "客家語詞元",
    "帶「文」的漢語詞",
    "帶「明」的漢語詞",
    "有4個詞條的頁面",
    "有同音詞的官話詞",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "東干語動詞",
    "東干語名詞",
    "東干語形容詞",
    "東干語詞元",
    "泉漳話動詞",
    "泉漳話名詞",
    "泉漳話形容詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語動詞",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語形容詞",
    "漢語水平考試乙級詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "潮州話動詞",
    "潮州話名詞",
    "潮州話形容詞",
    "潮州話詞元",
    "粵語動詞",
    "粵語名詞",
    "粵語形容詞",
    "粵語詞元",
    "閩東語動詞",
    "閩東語名詞",
    "閩東語形容詞",
    "閩東語詞元"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "政治文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngrén",
      "word": "文明人"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明國家"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明国家"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Wénmíng Xiǎoshǐ",
      "word": "文明小史"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngxì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明戲"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmíngxì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明戏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénmínggùn",
      "word": "文明棍"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明腳"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明脚"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明觀球"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "文明观球"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wùzhì wénmíng",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "物質文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wùzhì wénmíng",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "物质文明"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生態文明"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生态文明"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jīngshén wénmíng",
      "word": "精神文明"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "有引文的文言文詞"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "《易經》,公元前3千紀 – 前2千紀",
          "roman": "Nèi wénmíng ér wài róushùn, yǐ méng dànàn, Wénwáng yǐ zhī.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "內文明而外柔順,以蒙大難,文王以之。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《易經》,公元前3千紀 – 前2千紀",
          "roman": "Nèi wénmíng ér wài róushùn, yǐ méng dànàn, Wénwáng yǐ zhī.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "内文明而外柔顺,以蒙大难,文王以之。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《後漢書》約公元5世紀",
          "roman": "Yǔnèi wénmíng, dǔxíng chúnbèi, shì mǔ zhì xiào.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "禹內文明,篤行淳備,事母至孝。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《後漢書》約公元5世紀",
          "roman": "Yǔnèi wénmíng, dǔxíng chúnbèi, shì mǔ zhì xiào.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "禹内文明,笃行淳备,事母至孝。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《新唐書》,公元1060年",
          "roman": "Gèn wénmíng yánzhòng, suǒ dào yǐ shànzhèng chēng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "亙文明嚴重,所到以善政稱。"
        },
        {
          "ref": "《新唐書》,公元1060年",
          "roman": "Gèn wénmíng yánzhòng, suǒ dào yǐ shànzhèng chēng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "亘文明严重,所到以善政称。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "明察"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wen² min²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語",
        "西里爾字母和維基詞典轉寫"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вынмин (vɨnmin, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-mìn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "平話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-mìng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bêng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ mêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-min"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wénmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wúnmíng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wên²-ming²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wén-míng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenming"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вэньмин (vɛnʹmin)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "文明",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "聞名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "闻名",
      "raw_tags": [
        "同音詞"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wen² min²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話",
        "四川話拉丁化新文字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "wenmin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uən²¹ min²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語",
        "西里爾字母",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "вынмин (vɨnmin, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vəŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "東干語"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "màhn mìhng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "men⁴ ming⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vùn-mìn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家語拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun^ˇ min^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "vun² min²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vun¹¹ min¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話",
        "包括苗栗和美濃"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州話",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ùng-mìng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻³³ miŋ⁵³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bêng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûn-bîng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bunbeeng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bhung⁵ mêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bûng mêng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁶ven-min"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "吳音小字典"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ven^去 min"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "³ven-min"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vən²² min⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "太湖片",
        "國際音標 (上海"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中古漢語"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "mjun mjaeng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "上古",
        "白–沙"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "/*mə[n] mraŋ/"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "上古",
        "鄭張"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "/*mɯn mraŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "文明"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "以漢字書寫的越南語形容詞",
    "有4個詞條的頁面",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "越南語形容詞",
    "越南語詞元"
  ],
  "lang": "越南語",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "儒字"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "văn minh"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "văn minh的漢字。"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "文明"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 文明 meaning in All languages combined (49.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "文明"
  ],
  "section": "漢語",
  "subsection": "發音",
  "title": "文明",
  "trace": "started on line 27, detected on line 27"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
  "path": [
    "文明"
  ],
  "section": "漢語",
  "subsection": "發音",
  "title": "文明",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-20 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.