See bьčela in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for bьčela meaning in Proto-Slavic (15.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "бьчела",
"3": "бъчела",
"4": "бчела",
"5": "пъчела",
"6": "пчела"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: бьчела (bĭčela), бъчела (bŭčela), бчела (bčela), пъчела (pŭčela), пчела (pčela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: бьчела (bĭčela), бъчела (bŭčela), бчела (bčela), пъчела (pŭčela), пчела (pčela)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "бчола́",
"3": "бжола́",
"4": "бчела́",
"5": "пчола́",
"6": "пчела́",
"7": "пщола́"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: бчола́ (bčolá), бжола́ (bžolá), бчела́ (bčelá), пчола́ (pčolá), пчела́ (pčelá), пщола́ (pščolá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: бчола́ (bčolá), бжола́ (bžolá), бчела́ (bčelá), пчола́ (pčolá), пчела́ (pčelá), пщола́ (pščolá)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пчала́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: пчала́ (pčalá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пчола́",
"3": "пшчала́",
"4": "пшчо́ла",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "пчола́ (pčolá), пшчала́ (pščalá), пшчо́ла (pščóla) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: пчала́ (pčalá); пчола́ (pčolá), пшчала́ (pščalá), пшчо́ла (pščóla) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "пчола́"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: пчола́ (pčolá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: пчола́ (pčolá)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "бджола́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: бджола́ (bdžolá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "бжола́",
"3": "пчола́",
"4": "пщола́",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "бжола́ (bžolá), пчола́ (pčolá), пщола́ (pščolá) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: бджола́ (bdžolá); бжола́ (bžolá), пчола́ (pčolá), пщола́ (pščolá) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бджела́",
"3": "бжела́",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: бджела́ (bdželá), бжела́ (bželá) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: бджела́ (bdželá), бжела́ (bželá) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пчела́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пчела́ (pčelá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бчела́",
"3": "мчела́",
"4": "мцела́",
"5": "чо́ла",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "бчела́ (bčelá), мчела́ (mčelá), мцела́ (mcelá), чо́ла (čóla) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пчела́ (pčelá); бчела́ (bčelá), мчела́ (mčelá), мцела́ (mcelá), чо́ла (čóla) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "бьцела"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: бьцела (bĭcela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: бьцела (bĭcela)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "бьчела",
"3": "бъчела",
"4": "пъчела",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: бьчела (bĭčela), бъчела (bŭčela), пъчела (pŭčela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: бьчела (bĭčela), бъчела (bŭčela), пъчела (pŭčela)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⰱⱐⱍⰵⰾⰰ",
"3": "ⰱⱏⱍⰵⰾⰰ",
"4": "ⱂⱏⱍⰵⰾⰰ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰱⱐⱍⰵⰾⰰ (bĭčela), ⰱⱏⱍⰵⰾⰰ (bŭčela), ⱂⱏⱍⰵⰾⰰ (pŭčela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⰱⱐⱍⰵⰾⰰ (bĭčela), ⰱⱏⱍⰵⰾⰰ (bŭčela), ⱂⱏⱍⰵⰾⰰ (pŭčela)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пчела́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: пчела́ (pčelá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "вчела́",
"3": "чела́",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "вчела́ (včelá), чела́ (čelá) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: пчела́ (pčelá); вчела́ (včelá), чела́ (čelá) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пчела"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: пчела (pčela)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пшела",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "пшела (pšela) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: пчела (pčela); пшела (pšela) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "пшела",
"qq": "17ᵗʰ c.",
"sc": "Cyrs",
"tr": "pšela"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: пшела (pšela) (17ᵗʰ c.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Serbo-Croatian: пшела (pšela) (17ᵗʰ c.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "пчѐла",
"3": "чѐла",
"4": "",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: пчѐла, чѐла",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: пчѐла, чѐла"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "pčèla",
"3": "čèla",
"4": "",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: pčèla, čèla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: pčèla, čèla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čebẹ̑la",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čebẹ̑la",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "čebẹ̑la",
"2": "čbẹ̑la",
"3": "čẹ̑la",
"4": "bčẹ̑la",
"5": "bečẹ̑la",
"6": "bəčẹ̑va",
"7": "žbiẹ̑la"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čebẹ̑la, čbẹ̑la, čẹ̑la, bčẹ̑la, bečẹ̑la (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čebẹ̑la, čbẹ̑la, čẹ̑la, bčẹ̑la, bečẹ̑la (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "včela"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: včela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: včela"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "včela"
},
"expansion": "Czech: včela",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "včala",
"3": "fčela",
"4": "čela",
"5": "ščela",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "včala, fčela, čela, ščela (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: včela; včala, fčela, čela, ščela (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Chod dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Chod dialect)",
"name": "a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "včala",
"3": "včela",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "včala, včela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bohemian (Chod dialect): včala, včela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "pszczoła"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: pszczoła, pczoła\nPolish: pszczoła",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: pszczoła, pczoła\nPolish: pszczoła"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "celă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: celă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: celă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pszczoła"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: pszczoła",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: pszczoła"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "pszczôla"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: pszczôla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: pszczôla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "včela"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: včela",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"10": "čela",
"2": "fčela",
"3": "fčola",
"4": "pčola",
"5": "pčela",
"6": "pščeu̯a",
"7": "pčou̯a",
"8": "ščela",
"9": "pšela",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "fčela, fčola, pčola, pčela, pščeu̯a, pčou̯a, ščela, pšela, čela (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: včela; fčela, fčola, pčola, pčela, pščeu̯a, pčou̯a, ščela, pšela, čela (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "coła"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: coła",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "pcoła",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "archaic, dialectal"
},
"expansion": "pcoła (archaic, dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: coła; pcoła (archaic, dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "pčoła",
"3": "wčoła"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: pčoła, wčoła",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: pčoła, wčoła"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*bikelāˀ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *bikelāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*bikelāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bikelāˀ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰi-k-el-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰi-k-el-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bikos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bikos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fūcus"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūcus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bijǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bijǭ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bite"
},
"expansion": "Latvian bite",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bìtė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bìtė",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "bitte"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian bitte",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bikelāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰi-k-el-eh₂, from *bʰey- (“bee”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *bikos (< *bʰi-k-os), Latin fūcus (< *bʰoy-k-os), Proto-Germanic *bijǭ. Baltic cognates (Latvian bite, Lithuanian bìtė, Old Prussian bitte) would in that case render the Proto-Balto-Slavic forms as *bikelē and *bitē.\nThe Psalterium Sinaiticum contains the only Old Church Slavonic instance of бьчела (bĭčela) but since the form бъчела (bŭčela) is just as rare, it is impossible to precisely reconstruct the late Proto-Slavic form of this word on the basis of Old Church Slavonic. Since this Proto-Slavic word was an oxytone, none of the descendant languages retain a reflex of the medial weak jer.\nAlternatively (obsolete) explained as a deverbative of *bučati (“to make noise, roar”) and reconstructed as *bъčela. A bee is, therefore, the one that makes noise.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bьčelà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčèlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčèlъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelǫ̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčèlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelòjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčèlǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelàmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčèlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bьčelà",
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bьčela",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bьčelę"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bьčelica"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bьčelinьcь"
},
{
"word": "bьčelinъ"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bьčelinъkъ"
},
{
"word": "bьčelьjь"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bьčelьnica"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bьčelьnikъ"
},
{
"word": "bьčelьnъ"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bьčelъka"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bьčeľařь"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bee"
],
"id": "en-bьčela-sla-pro-noun-YsuBtZBK",
"links": [
[
"bee",
"bee"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "beetle; bumblebee",
"word": "bǫbarъ"
},
{
"english": "bee",
"word": "bьčela"
},
{
"english": "bumblebee",
"word": "čьmeľь"
},
{
"english": "mosquito",
"word": "komarъ"
},
{
"english": "fly",
"word": "muxa"
},
{
"english": "wasp",
"word": "osa"
},
{
"english": "hornet",
"word": "sьrxy"
},
{
"english": "drone",
"word": "trǫtъ"
},
{
"word": "žuža"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Psalterium Sinaiticum",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "bьčela"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bьčelę"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bьčelica"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bьčelinьcь"
},
{
"word": "bьčelinъ"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bьčelinъkъ"
},
{
"word": "bьčelьjь"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bьčelьnica"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bьčelьnikъ"
},
{
"word": "bьčelьnъ"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bьčelъka"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bьčeľařь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "бьчела",
"3": "бъчела",
"4": "бчела",
"5": "пъчела",
"6": "пчела"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: бьчела (bĭčela), бъчела (bŭčela), бчела (bčela), пъчела (pŭčela), пчела (pčela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: бьчела (bĭčela), бъчела (bŭčela), бчела (bčela), пъчела (pŭčela), пчела (pčela)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "бчола́",
"3": "бжола́",
"4": "бчела́",
"5": "пчола́",
"6": "пчела́",
"7": "пщола́"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: бчола́ (bčolá), бжола́ (bžolá), бчела́ (bčelá), пчола́ (pčolá), пчела́ (pčelá), пщола́ (pščolá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: бчола́ (bčolá), бжола́ (bžolá), бчела́ (bčelá), пчола́ (pčolá), пчела́ (pčelá), пщола́ (pščolá)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пчала́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: пчала́ (pčalá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пчола́",
"3": "пшчала́",
"4": "пшчо́ла",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "пчола́ (pčolá), пшчала́ (pščalá), пшчо́ла (pščóla) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: пчала́ (pčalá); пчола́ (pčolá), пшчала́ (pščalá), пшчо́ла (pščóla) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "пчола́"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: пчола́ (pčolá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: пчола́ (pčolá)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "бджола́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: бджола́ (bdžolá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "бжола́",
"3": "пчола́",
"4": "пщола́",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "бжола́ (bžolá), пчола́ (pčolá), пщола́ (pščolá) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: бджола́ (bdžolá); бжола́ (bžolá), пчола́ (pčolá), пщола́ (pščolá) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бджела́",
"3": "бжела́",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: бджела́ (bdželá), бжела́ (bželá) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: бджела́ (bdželá), бжела́ (bželá) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пчела́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пчела́ (pčelá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бчела́",
"3": "мчела́",
"4": "мцела́",
"5": "чо́ла",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "бчела́ (bčelá), мчела́ (mčelá), мцела́ (mcelá), чо́ла (čóla) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пчела́ (pčelá); бчела́ (bčelá), мчела́ (mčelá), мцела́ (mcelá), чо́ла (čóla) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "бьцела"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: бьцела (bĭcela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: бьцела (bĭcela)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "бьчела",
"3": "бъчела",
"4": "пъчела",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: бьчела (bĭčela), бъчела (bŭčela), пъчела (pŭčela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: бьчела (bĭčela), бъчела (bŭčela), пъчела (pŭčela)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⰱⱐⱍⰵⰾⰰ",
"3": "ⰱⱏⱍⰵⰾⰰ",
"4": "ⱂⱏⱍⰵⰾⰰ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰱⱐⱍⰵⰾⰰ (bĭčela), ⰱⱏⱍⰵⰾⰰ (bŭčela), ⱂⱏⱍⰵⰾⰰ (pŭčela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⰱⱐⱍⰵⰾⰰ (bĭčela), ⰱⱏⱍⰵⰾⰰ (bŭčela), ⱂⱏⱍⰵⰾⰰ (pŭčela)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пчела́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: пчела́ (pčelá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "вчела́",
"3": "чела́",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "вчела́ (včelá), чела́ (čelá) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: пчела́ (pčelá); вчела́ (včelá), чела́ (čelá) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пчела"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: пчела (pčela)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пшела",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "пшела (pšela) (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: пчела (pčela); пшела (pšela) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "пшела",
"qq": "17ᵗʰ c.",
"sc": "Cyrs",
"tr": "pšela"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: пшела (pšela) (17ᵗʰ c.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Serbo-Croatian: пшела (pšela) (17ᵗʰ c.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "пчѐла",
"3": "чѐла",
"4": "",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: пчѐла, чѐла",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: пчѐла, чѐла"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "pčèla",
"3": "čèla",
"4": "",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: pčèla, čèla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: pčèla, čèla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čebẹ̑la",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čebẹ̑la",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "čebẹ̑la",
"2": "čbẹ̑la",
"3": "čẹ̑la",
"4": "bčẹ̑la",
"5": "bečẹ̑la",
"6": "bəčẹ̑va",
"7": "žbiẹ̑la"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čebẹ̑la, čbẹ̑la, čẹ̑la, bčẹ̑la, bečẹ̑la (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čebẹ̑la, čbẹ̑la, čẹ̑la, bčẹ̑la, bečẹ̑la (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "včela"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: včela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: včela"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "včela"
},
"expansion": "Czech: včela",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "včala",
"3": "fčela",
"4": "čela",
"5": "ščela",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "včala, fčela, čela, ščela (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: včela; včala, fčela, čela, ščela (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Chod dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Chod dialect)",
"name": "a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "včala",
"3": "včela",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "včala, včela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bohemian (Chod dialect): včala, včela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "pszczoła"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: pszczoła, pczoła\nPolish: pszczoła",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: pszczoła, pczoła\nPolish: pszczoła"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "celă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: celă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: celă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pszczoła"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: pszczoła",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: pszczoła"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "pszczôla"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: pszczôla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: pszczôla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "včela"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: včela",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"10": "čela",
"2": "fčela",
"3": "fčola",
"4": "pčola",
"5": "pčela",
"6": "pščeu̯a",
"7": "pčou̯a",
"8": "ščela",
"9": "pšela",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "fčela, fčola, pčola, pčela, pščeu̯a, pčou̯a, ščela, pšela, čela (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: včela; fčela, fčola, pčola, pčela, pščeu̯a, pčou̯a, ščela, pšela, čela (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "coła"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: coła",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "pcoła",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "archaic, dialectal"
},
"expansion": "pcoła (archaic, dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: coła; pcoła (archaic, dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "pčoła",
"3": "wčoła"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: pčoła, wčoła",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: pčoła, wčoła"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*bikelāˀ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *bikelāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*bikelāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bikelāˀ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰi-k-el-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰi-k-el-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bikos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bikos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fūcus"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūcus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bijǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bijǭ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bite"
},
"expansion": "Latvian bite",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bìtė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bìtė",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "bitte"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian bitte",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bikelāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰi-k-el-eh₂, from *bʰey- (“bee”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *bikos (< *bʰi-k-os), Latin fūcus (< *bʰoy-k-os), Proto-Germanic *bijǭ. Baltic cognates (Latvian bite, Lithuanian bìtė, Old Prussian bitte) would in that case render the Proto-Balto-Slavic forms as *bikelē and *bitē.\nThe Psalterium Sinaiticum contains the only Old Church Slavonic instance of бьчела (bĭčela) but since the form бъчела (bŭčela) is just as rare, it is impossible to precisely reconstruct the late Proto-Slavic form of this word on the basis of Old Church Slavonic. Since this Proto-Slavic word was an oxytone, none of the descendant languages retain a reflex of the medial weak jer.\nAlternatively (obsolete) explained as a deverbative of *bučati (“to make noise, roar”) and reconstructed as *bъčela. A bee is, therefore, the one that makes noise.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bьčelà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčèlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčèlъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelǫ̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčèlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelòjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčèlǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelàmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčèlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bьčelỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bьčelà",
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bьčela",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "beetle; bumblebee",
"word": "bǫbarъ"
},
{
"english": "bee",
"word": "bьčela"
},
{
"english": "bumblebee",
"word": "čьmeľь"
},
{
"english": "mosquito",
"word": "komarъ"
},
{
"english": "fly",
"word": "muxa"
},
{
"english": "wasp",
"word": "osa"
},
{
"english": "hornet",
"word": "sьrxy"
},
{
"english": "drone",
"word": "trǫtъ"
},
{
"word": "žuža"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Undetermined terms with quotations",
"sla-pro:Bees"
],
"glosses": [
"bee"
],
"links": [
[
"bee",
"bee"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Psalterium Sinaiticum",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "bьčela"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.