See čьmeľь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for čьmeľь meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "чмель"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: чмель (čmjelʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: чмель (čmjelʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-mru",
"2": "шмель",
"sc": "Cyrs"
},
"expansion": "Middle Russian: шмель (šmelʹ)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "17ᵗʰ c."
},
"expansion": "(17ᵗʰ c.)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Russian: шмель (šmelʹ) (17ᵗʰ c.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "шмель"
},
"expansion": "Russian: шмель (šmelʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: шмель (šmelʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "чміль",
"3": "джміль"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: чміль (čmilʹ), джміль (džmilʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: чміль (čmilʹ), джміль (džmilʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чмѐла",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чмѐла",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чмѐла"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čmèla",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čmèla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čmèla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čmŕlj",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čmŕlj",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "čmŕlj"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čmŕlj (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čmŕlj (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "čmel",
"3": "čmelák"
},
"expansion": "Czech: čmel, čmelák",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: čmel, čmelák"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "brzmiôl",
"3": "brzmiél",
"4": "grzmiôl",
"5": "grzmiél"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: brzmiôl, brzmiél, grzmiôl, grzmiél",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: brzmiôl, brzmiél, grzmiôl, grzmiél"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "stamil"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: stamil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: stamil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "czmiel"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: czmiel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: czmiel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "trzmiel"
},
"expansion": "Polish: trzmiel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: trzmiel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "čmeľ"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: čmeľ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: čmeľ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "tśmjel"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: tśmjel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: tśmjel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "čmjeła"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: čmjeła",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: čmjeła"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kimelаs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kimelаs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "km̥H-el-i-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European km̥H-el-i-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-eľь"
},
"expansion": "*-eľь",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kemH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kamanė",
"3": "",
"4": "bumblebee"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kamanė (“bumblebee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kamene",
"3": "",
"4": "bumblebee"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kamene (“bumblebee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "camus",
"3": "",
"4": "bumblebee"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian camus (“bumblebee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*humelaz",
"3": "",
"4": "bumblebee"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *humelaz (“bumblebee”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kimelаs, from Proto-Indo-European km̥H-el-i-, probably onomatopoeic from a root *kemH- (“to hum”) + *-eľь.\nCognate with Lithuanian kamanė (“bumblebee”), Latvian kamene (“bumblebee”), Old Prussian camus (“bumblebee”), Proto-Germanic *humelaz (“bumblebee”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čьmèľь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmèľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmèľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľèma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmèľemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmèľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľę̇̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľь̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľèmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľèma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmèľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmèľixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьmeľь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-eľь",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bumblebee"
],
"id": "en-čьmeľь-sla-pro-noun-WYQnA0VD",
"links": [
[
"bumblebee",
"bumblebee"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "mosquito",
"word": "komãrъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
]
}
],
"word": "čьmeľь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "чмель"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: чмель (čmjelʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: чмель (čmjelʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-mru",
"2": "шмель",
"sc": "Cyrs"
},
"expansion": "Middle Russian: шмель (šmelʹ)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "17ᵗʰ c."
},
"expansion": "(17ᵗʰ c.)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Russian: шмель (šmelʹ) (17ᵗʰ c.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "шмель"
},
"expansion": "Russian: шмель (šmelʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: шмель (šmelʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "чміль",
"3": "джміль"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: чміль (čmilʹ), джміль (džmilʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: чміль (čmilʹ), джміль (džmilʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чмѐла",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чмѐла",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чмѐла"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čmèla",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čmèla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čmèla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čmŕlj",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čmŕlj",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "čmŕlj"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čmŕlj (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čmŕlj (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "čmel",
"3": "čmelák"
},
"expansion": "Czech: čmel, čmelák",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: čmel, čmelák"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "brzmiôl",
"3": "brzmiél",
"4": "grzmiôl",
"5": "grzmiél"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: brzmiôl, brzmiél, grzmiôl, grzmiél",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: brzmiôl, brzmiél, grzmiôl, grzmiél"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "stamil"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: stamil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: stamil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "czmiel"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: czmiel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: czmiel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "trzmiel"
},
"expansion": "Polish: trzmiel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: trzmiel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "čmeľ"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: čmeľ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: čmeľ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "tśmjel"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: tśmjel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: tśmjel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "čmjeła"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: čmjeła",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: čmjeła"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kimelаs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kimelаs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "km̥H-el-i-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European km̥H-el-i-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-eľь"
},
"expansion": "*-eľь",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kemH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kamanė",
"3": "",
"4": "bumblebee"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kamanė (“bumblebee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kamene",
"3": "",
"4": "bumblebee"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kamene (“bumblebee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "camus",
"3": "",
"4": "bumblebee"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian camus (“bumblebee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*humelaz",
"3": "",
"4": "bumblebee"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *humelaz (“bumblebee”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kimelаs, from Proto-Indo-European km̥H-el-i-, probably onomatopoeic from a root *kemH- (“to hum”) + *-eľь.\nCognate with Lithuanian kamanė (“bumblebee”), Latvian kamene (“bumblebee”), Old Prussian camus (“bumblebee”), Proto-Germanic *humelaz (“bumblebee”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čьmèľь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmèľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmèľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľèma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmèľemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmèľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľę̇̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľь̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľèmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľèma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmèľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmèľixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čьmeľì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьmeľь",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "mosquito",
"word": "komãrъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Slavic soft masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kemH-",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-eľь",
"Proto-Slavic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Slovene terms with quotations",
"sla-pro:Insects"
],
"glosses": [
"bumblebee"
],
"links": [
[
"bumblebee",
"bumblebee"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
]
}
],
"word": "čьmeľь"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.