See 化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 化 meaning in Japanese (10.9kB)
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 3 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "evolution, growth",
"roman": "kaiku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"育",
"いく"
]
],
"word": "化育"
},
{
"roman": "kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "化学: chemistry"
},
{
"english": "chemical combination",
"roman": "kagō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"合",
"ごう"
]
],
"word": "化合"
},
{
"english": "growth, metamorphosis",
"roman": "kasei",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "化生"
},
{
"english": "change, transformation",
"roman": "kasei",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"成",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "化成"
},
{
"english": "fossil, petrifaction",
"roman": "kaseki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"石",
"せき"
]
],
"word": "化石"
},
{
"english": "synthetic fiber",
"roman": "kasen",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"繊",
"せん"
]
],
"word": "化繊"
},
{
"english": "suppuration, festering",
"roman": "kanō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"膿",
"のう"
]
],
"word": "化膿"
},
{
"english": "makeup, cosmetics",
"roman": "keshō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"け"
],
[
"粧",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "化粧"
},
{
"roman": "keshin",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"け"
],
[
"身",
"しん"
]
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"religion",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "化身: incarnation"
},
{
"english": "goblin, apparition",
"roman": "bakemono",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"ば"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
],
[
"化",
"ばけ"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
],
[
"化",
"ば"
]
],
"word": "化け物, 化物, 化けもの"
},
{
"english": "deterioration, aggravation",
"roman": "akka",
"ruby": [
[
"悪",
"あっ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "悪化"
},
{
"english": "unification, centralization",
"roman": "ichigenka",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"いち"
],
[
"元",
"げん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "一元化"
},
{
"roman": "ekika",
"ruby": [
[
"液",
"えき"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "液化: liquefaction"
},
{
"english": "chloride",
"roman": "enka",
"ruby": [
[
"塩",
"えん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "塩化"
},
{
"english": "Europeanization, westernization",
"roman": "ōka",
"ruby": [
[
"欧",
"おう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "欧化"
},
{
"english": "goblin, apparition",
"roman": "obake",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"ば"
],
[
"御",
"お"
],
[
"化",
"ば"
]
],
"word": "お化け, 御化け"
},
{
"english": "influence, inspiration",
"roman": "kanka",
"ruby": [
[
"感",
"かん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "感化"
},
{
"roman": "kika",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "帰化: naturalization"
},
{
"english": "vaporization",
"roman": "kika",
"ruby": [
[
"気",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "気化"
},
{
"english": "mechanization, computerization",
"roman": "kikaika",
"ruby": [
[
"機",
"き"
],
[
"械",
"かい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "機械化"
},
{
"english": "strengthen, intensify",
"roman": "kyōka",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"きょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "強化"
},
{
"english": "culture, education",
"roman": "kyōka",
"ruby": [
[
"教",
"きょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "教化"
},
{
"english": "modernization",
"roman": "kindaika",
"ruby": [
[
"近",
"きん"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "近代化"
},
{
"english": "embodiment",
"roman": "gutaika",
"ruby": [
[
"具",
"ぐ"
],
[
"体",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "具体化"
},
{
"english": "intensification, aggravation",
"roman": "gekika",
"ruby": [
[
"激",
"げき"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"激化",
"げっか"
]
],
"word": "激化, 激化"
},
{
"roman": "kōka",
"word": "硬化: hardening"
},
{
"word": "sclerosis"
},
{
"english": "rationalization",
"roman": "gōrika",
"ruby": [
[
"合",
"ごう"
],
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "合理化"
},
{
"roman": "koka",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"こ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "固化: solidification"
},
{
"roman": "kokusaika",
"ruby": [
[
"国",
"こく"
],
[
"際",
"さい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "国際化: internationalization"
},
{
"english": "deceive, falsify",
"roman": "gomakasu",
"ruby": [
[
"誤",
"ご"
],
[
"魔",
"ま"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "誤魔化す"
},
{
"english": "incarnation, avatar",
"roman": "gonge",
"ruby": [
[
"権",
"ごん"
],
[
"化",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "権化"
},
{
"english": "oxidation",
"roman": "sanka",
"ruby": [
[
"酸",
"さん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "酸化"
},
{
"english": "automation",
"roman": "jidōka",
"ruby": [
[
"自",
"じ"
],
[
"動",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "自動化"
},
{
"roman": "jiyūka",
"ruby": [
[
"自",
"じ"
],
[
"由",
"ゆう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "自由化: liberalization"
},
{
"roman": "shōka",
"ruby": [
[
"消",
"しょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "消化: digestion"
},
{
"english": "purification, cleanup",
"roman": "jōka",
"ruby": [
[
"浄",
"じょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "浄化"
},
{
"roman": "jōhōka",
"ruby": [
[
"情",
"じょう"
],
[
"報",
"ほう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "情報化: informatization"
},
{
"english": "evolution, progress",
"roman": "shinka",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "進化"
},
{
"english": "becoming more serious",
"roman": "shinkokuka",
"ruby": [
[
"深",
"しん"
],
[
"刻",
"こく"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "深刻化"
},
{
"roman": "seijōka",
"ruby": [
[
"正",
"せい"
],
[
"常",
"じょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "正常化: normalization"
},
{
"english": "the Creator, the Universe",
"roman": "zōka",
"ruby": [
[
"造",
"ぞう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "造化"
},
{
"english": "diversification",
"roman": "tayōka",
"ruby": [
[
"多",
"た"
],
[
"様",
"よう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "多様化"
},
{
"roman": "denka",
"ruby": [
[
"電",
"でん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "電化: electrification"
},
{
"english": "assimilation, absorption",
"roman": "dōka",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "同化"
},
{
"english": "becoming dull",
"roman": "donka",
"ruby": [
[
"鈍",
"どん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "鈍化"
},
{
"english": "softening, mollification",
"roman": "nanka",
"ruby": [
[
"軟",
"なん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "軟化"
},
{
"roman": "hika",
"ruby": [
[
"砒",
"ひ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "砒化: arsenication"
},
{
"english": "beautification, glorification",
"roman": "bika",
"ruby": [
[
"美",
"び"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "美化"
},
{
"english": "culture, civilization",
"roman": "bunka",
"ruby": [
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "文化"
},
{
"english": "specialization",
"roman": "bunka",
"ruby": [
[
"分",
"ぶん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "分化"
},
{
"english": "change, variation",
"roman": "henka",
"ruby": [
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "変化"
},
{
"english": "goblin, ghost",
"roman": "henge",
"ruby": [
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"化",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "変化"
},
{
"roman": "honkakuka",
"ruby": [
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"格",
"かく"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "本格化: regularization"
},
{
"roman": "min'eika",
"ruby": [
[
"民",
"みん"
],
[
"営",
"えい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "民営化: privatization"
},
{
"english": "stipulate",
"roman": "meibunka",
"ruby": [
[
"明",
"めい"
],
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "明文化"
},
{
"roman": "ryūka",
"ruby": [
[
"硫",
"りゅう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "硫化: sulfuration"
},
{
"english": "tree planting",
"roman": "ryokka",
"ruby": [
[
"緑",
"りょっ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "緑化"
},
{
"english": "deterioration, degradation",
"roman": "rekka",
"ruby": [
[
"劣",
"れっ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "劣化"
},
{
"english": "aging, senile deterioration",
"roman": "rōka",
"ruby": [
[
"老",
"ろう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "老化"
},
{
"roman": "gurōbaru-ka",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "グローバル化: globalization"
},
{
"roman": "konpyūta-ka",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "コンピュータ化: computerization"
}
],
"id": "en-化-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "化"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "か"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "化"
},
"expansion": "化 (MC xwaeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 化 (MC xwaeH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "化",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "くわ",
"roman": "kwa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "か",
"hhira": "くわ"
},
"expansion": "化(か) • (ka) ^(←くわ (kwa)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to change; to take the form of"
],
"id": "en-化-ja-affix-HROCxGMY",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 99 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 92 0 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 96 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 96 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 84 0 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 96 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to influence"
],
"id": "en-化-ja-affix-1xLcIyJw",
"links": [
[
"influence",
"influence"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "化"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "か"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "化"
},
"expansion": "化 (MC xwaeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 化 (MC xwaeH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "化",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "くわ",
"roman": "kwa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "か",
"hhira": "くわ"
},
"expansion": "化(か) • (-ka) ^(←くわ (kwa)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ization, -ification; action of making something that way"
],
"id": "en-化-ja-suffix-kCQ05fS2",
"links": [
[
"-ization",
"-ization"
],
[
"-ification",
"-ification"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 3 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading け",
"Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading くわ",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading か",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading か-える",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading か-わる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading ば-かす",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading ば-ける",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading ふ-ける",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 化",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "evolution, growth",
"roman": "kaiku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"育",
"いく"
]
],
"word": "化育"
},
{
"roman": "kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "化学: chemistry"
},
{
"english": "chemical combination",
"roman": "kagō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"合",
"ごう"
]
],
"word": "化合"
},
{
"english": "growth, metamorphosis",
"roman": "kasei",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "化生"
},
{
"english": "change, transformation",
"roman": "kasei",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"成",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "化成"
},
{
"english": "fossil, petrifaction",
"roman": "kaseki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"石",
"せき"
]
],
"word": "化石"
},
{
"english": "synthetic fiber",
"roman": "kasen",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"繊",
"せん"
]
],
"word": "化繊"
},
{
"english": "suppuration, festering",
"roman": "kanō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"膿",
"のう"
]
],
"word": "化膿"
},
{
"english": "makeup, cosmetics",
"roman": "keshō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"け"
],
[
"粧",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "化粧"
},
{
"roman": "keshin",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"け"
],
[
"身",
"しん"
]
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"religion",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "化身: incarnation"
},
{
"english": "goblin, apparition",
"roman": "bakemono",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"ば"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
],
[
"化",
"ばけ"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
],
[
"化",
"ば"
]
],
"word": "化け物, 化物, 化けもの"
},
{
"english": "deterioration, aggravation",
"roman": "akka",
"ruby": [
[
"悪",
"あっ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "悪化"
},
{
"english": "unification, centralization",
"roman": "ichigenka",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"いち"
],
[
"元",
"げん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "一元化"
},
{
"roman": "ekika",
"ruby": [
[
"液",
"えき"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "液化: liquefaction"
},
{
"english": "chloride",
"roman": "enka",
"ruby": [
[
"塩",
"えん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "塩化"
},
{
"english": "Europeanization, westernization",
"roman": "ōka",
"ruby": [
[
"欧",
"おう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "欧化"
},
{
"english": "goblin, apparition",
"roman": "obake",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"ば"
],
[
"御",
"お"
],
[
"化",
"ば"
]
],
"word": "お化け, 御化け"
},
{
"english": "influence, inspiration",
"roman": "kanka",
"ruby": [
[
"感",
"かん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "感化"
},
{
"roman": "kika",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "帰化: naturalization"
},
{
"english": "vaporization",
"roman": "kika",
"ruby": [
[
"気",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "気化"
},
{
"english": "mechanization, computerization",
"roman": "kikaika",
"ruby": [
[
"機",
"き"
],
[
"械",
"かい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "機械化"
},
{
"english": "strengthen, intensify",
"roman": "kyōka",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"きょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "強化"
},
{
"english": "culture, education",
"roman": "kyōka",
"ruby": [
[
"教",
"きょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "教化"
},
{
"english": "modernization",
"roman": "kindaika",
"ruby": [
[
"近",
"きん"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "近代化"
},
{
"english": "embodiment",
"roman": "gutaika",
"ruby": [
[
"具",
"ぐ"
],
[
"体",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "具体化"
},
{
"english": "intensification, aggravation",
"roman": "gekika",
"ruby": [
[
"激",
"げき"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"激化",
"げっか"
]
],
"word": "激化, 激化"
},
{
"roman": "kōka",
"word": "硬化: hardening"
},
{
"word": "sclerosis"
},
{
"english": "rationalization",
"roman": "gōrika",
"ruby": [
[
"合",
"ごう"
],
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "合理化"
},
{
"roman": "koka",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"こ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "固化: solidification"
},
{
"roman": "kokusaika",
"ruby": [
[
"国",
"こく"
],
[
"際",
"さい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "国際化: internationalization"
},
{
"english": "deceive, falsify",
"roman": "gomakasu",
"ruby": [
[
"誤",
"ご"
],
[
"魔",
"ま"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "誤魔化す"
},
{
"english": "incarnation, avatar",
"roman": "gonge",
"ruby": [
[
"権",
"ごん"
],
[
"化",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "権化"
},
{
"english": "oxidation",
"roman": "sanka",
"ruby": [
[
"酸",
"さん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "酸化"
},
{
"english": "automation",
"roman": "jidōka",
"ruby": [
[
"自",
"じ"
],
[
"動",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "自動化"
},
{
"roman": "jiyūka",
"ruby": [
[
"自",
"じ"
],
[
"由",
"ゆう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "自由化: liberalization"
},
{
"roman": "shōka",
"ruby": [
[
"消",
"しょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "消化: digestion"
},
{
"english": "purification, cleanup",
"roman": "jōka",
"ruby": [
[
"浄",
"じょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "浄化"
},
{
"roman": "jōhōka",
"ruby": [
[
"情",
"じょう"
],
[
"報",
"ほう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "情報化: informatization"
},
{
"english": "evolution, progress",
"roman": "shinka",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "進化"
},
{
"english": "becoming more serious",
"roman": "shinkokuka",
"ruby": [
[
"深",
"しん"
],
[
"刻",
"こく"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "深刻化"
},
{
"roman": "seijōka",
"ruby": [
[
"正",
"せい"
],
[
"常",
"じょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "正常化: normalization"
},
{
"english": "the Creator, the Universe",
"roman": "zōka",
"ruby": [
[
"造",
"ぞう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "造化"
},
{
"english": "diversification",
"roman": "tayōka",
"ruby": [
[
"多",
"た"
],
[
"様",
"よう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "多様化"
},
{
"roman": "denka",
"ruby": [
[
"電",
"でん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "電化: electrification"
},
{
"english": "assimilation, absorption",
"roman": "dōka",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "同化"
},
{
"english": "becoming dull",
"roman": "donka",
"ruby": [
[
"鈍",
"どん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "鈍化"
},
{
"english": "softening, mollification",
"roman": "nanka",
"ruby": [
[
"軟",
"なん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "軟化"
},
{
"roman": "hika",
"ruby": [
[
"砒",
"ひ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "砒化: arsenication"
},
{
"english": "beautification, glorification",
"roman": "bika",
"ruby": [
[
"美",
"び"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "美化"
},
{
"english": "culture, civilization",
"roman": "bunka",
"ruby": [
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "文化"
},
{
"english": "specialization",
"roman": "bunka",
"ruby": [
[
"分",
"ぶん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "分化"
},
{
"english": "change, variation",
"roman": "henka",
"ruby": [
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "変化"
},
{
"english": "goblin, ghost",
"roman": "henge",
"ruby": [
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"化",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "変化"
},
{
"roman": "honkakuka",
"ruby": [
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"格",
"かく"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "本格化: regularization"
},
{
"roman": "min'eika",
"ruby": [
[
"民",
"みん"
],
[
"営",
"えい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "民営化: privatization"
},
{
"english": "stipulate",
"roman": "meibunka",
"ruby": [
[
"明",
"めい"
],
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "明文化"
},
{
"roman": "ryūka",
"ruby": [
[
"硫",
"りゅう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "硫化: sulfuration"
},
{
"english": "tree planting",
"roman": "ryokka",
"ruby": [
[
"緑",
"りょっ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "緑化"
},
{
"english": "deterioration, degradation",
"roman": "rekka",
"ruby": [
[
"劣",
"れっ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "劣化"
},
{
"english": "aging, senile deterioration",
"roman": "rōka",
"ruby": [
[
"老",
"ろう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "老化"
},
{
"roman": "gurōbaru-ka",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "グローバル化: globalization"
},
{
"roman": "konpyūta-ka",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "コンピュータ化: computerization"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 化",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "か"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "化"
},
"expansion": "化 (MC xwaeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 化 (MC xwaeH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "化",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "くわ",
"roman": "kwa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "か",
"hhira": "くわ"
},
"expansion": "化(か) • (ka) ^(←くわ (kwa)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to change; to take the form of"
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to influence"
],
"links": [
[
"influence",
"influence"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 化",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "か"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "化"
},
"expansion": "化 (MC xwaeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 化 (MC xwaeH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "化",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "くわ",
"roman": "kwa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "か",
"hhira": "くわ"
},
"expansion": "化(か) • (-ka) ^(←くわ (kwa)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ization, -ification; action of making something that way"
],
"links": [
[
"-ization",
"-ization"
],
[
"-ification",
"-ification"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "化"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "化",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "化",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.