"酸化" meaning in Japanese

See 酸化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: 酸化 [canonical] (ruby: (さん), ()), sanka [romanization]
Etymology: From 酸 (san, “acid”, also in 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)) + 化 (-ka, “-ization”). Etymology templates: {{suf|ja|酸|化|pos1=also in <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">酸素</i> (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)|sort=さんか|t1=acid|t2=-ization|tr1=san|tr2=ka}} 酸 (san, “acid”, also in 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)) + 化 (-ka, “-ization”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|さんか}} 酸(さん)化(か) • (sanka)
  1. oxidation, oxidization Categories (topical): Chemistry
    Sense id: en-酸化-ja-noun-1EO9GWNn Disambiguation of Chemistry: 62 38 Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms suffixed with 化, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 3 20 50 26 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 2 13 60 25 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 59 41 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 60 40 Disambiguation of Japanese terms suffixed with 化: 65 35 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 58 42 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 60 40 Derived forms: 酸化物 (sankabutsu) (english: oxide), 酸化数 (sankasū) (english: oxidation number), 酸化鉄 (sankatetsu) (english: iron oxide), 酸化錫 (sanka suzu) (english: stannous oxide), 酸化ストレス (sanka sutoresu) (english: oxidative stress), 酸化炭素 (sanka tanso) (english: carbon oxide), 酸化窒素 (sanka chisso) (english: nitrogen oxide), 酸化マグネシウム (sanka maguneshiumu) (english: magnesium oxide), 酸化アルミニウム (sanka aruminiumu) (english: aluminum oxide), 酸化カルシウム (sanka karushiumu) (english: calcium oxide), 酸化クロム (sanka kuromu) (english: chromium oxide), 酸化亜鉛 (sanka aen) (english: zinc oxide), 酸化砒素 (sanka hiso) (english: arsenic trioxide), 酸化バリウム (sanka bariumu) (english: barium oxide), 酸化水銀 (sanka suigin) (english: mercurous oxide), 酸性酸化物 (sansei sankabutsu) (english: acidic oxide), 酸化防止剤: antioxidant (sanka-bōshizai), 酸化還元反応 (sanka kangen hannō) (english: oxidation-reduction reaction), 水酸化: hydration (suisanka), 一酸化: monoxide (issanka), 水酸化物: hydroxide (suisankabutsu), 過酸化物 (kasankabutsu) (english: peroxide), 一酸化炭素 (issanka tanso) (english: carbon monoxide), 一酸化窒素 (issanka chisso) (english: nitric monoxide), 二酸化炭素 (nisanka tanso) (english: carbon dioxide), 二酸化窒素 (nisanka chisso) (english: nitrogen dioxide), 二酸化ケイ素 (nisanka keiso) (english: silicon dioxide), 二酸化硫黄 (nisanka iō) (english: sulfur dioxide), 二酸化マンガン (nisanka mangan) (english: manganese dioxide), 三酸化硫黄 (sansanka iō) (english: sulfur trioxide), 三酸化クロム (sansanka kuromu) (english: chromic anhydride), 水酸化ナトリウム (suisanka natoriumu) (english: sodium hydroxide), 水酸化アルミニウム (suisanka aruminiumu) (english: aluminum hydroxide), 水酸化カリウム (suisanka kariumu) (english: potassium hydroxide), 水酸化カルシウム (suisanka karushiumu) (english: calcium hydroxide), 水酸化バリウム (suisanka bariumu) (english: barium hydroxide), 過酸化脂質 (kasanka shishitsu) (english: fatty acid peroxides), 過酸化水素 (kasanka suiso) (english: hydrogen peroxide), 過酸化ナトリウム (kasanka natoriumu) (english: sodium peroxide), 過酸化バリウム (kasanka bariumu) (english: barium peroxide), 過酸化ベンゾイル (kasanka benzoiru) (english: benzoyl peroxide), 次酸化炭素 (jisanka tanso) (english: carbon suboxide), 亜酸化窒素 (asanka chisso) (english: nitrous oxide), 一酸化二窒素 (issanka nichisso) (english: dinitrogen oxide), 水酸化物イオン: hydroxide ion (suisankabutsu ion), 一酸化炭素中毒 (issanka tanso chūdoku) (english: carbon monoxide poisoning), 二酸化炭素排出権 (nisanka tanso-haishutsuken) (english: right to emit carbon dioxide), 二酸化炭素削減義務 (nisanka tanso sakugen gimu) (english: carbon dioxide reducing obligation), 二酸化炭素削減目標 (nisanka tanso sakugen mokuhyō) (english: CO2-reduction goal), 硫黄酸化物 (iō sankabutsu) (english: sulfur oxide), 窒素酸化物 (chisso sankabutsu) (english: nitrogen oxide), 混合酸化物燃料 (kongō sankabutsu nenryō) (english: mixed plutonium and uranium oxides fuel), 金属酸化物半導体: metal oxide semiconductor (kinzoku sankabutsu handōtai) [computing, engineering, mathematics, sciences, physical-sciences, natural-sciences], 金属酸化膜半導体: metal oxide semiconductor (kinzoku sankamaku handōtai) [computing, engineering, mathematics, sciences, physical-sciences, natural-sciences], 塩基性酸化物 (enkisei sankabutsu) (english: basic oxide), 相補型金属酸化膜半導体: complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sōhogata-kinzoku-sankamaku-handōtai) [computing, engineering, mathematics, sciences, physical-sciences, natural-sciences]

Verb

Etymology: From 酸 (san, “acid”, also in 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)) + 化 (-ka, “-ization”). Etymology templates: {{suf|ja|酸|化|pos1=also in <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">酸素</i> (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)|sort=さんか|t1=acid|t2=-ization|tr1=san|tr2=ka}} 酸 (san, “acid”, also in 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)) + 化 (-ka, “-ization”) Forms: 酸化する [canonical] (ruby: (さん), ()), sanka suru [romanization], 酸化し [stem] (ruby: (さん), ()), 酸化した [past] (ruby: (さん), ()), no-table-tags [table-tags], 酸化し [error-unrecognized-form], さんかし [error-unrecognized-form], sanka shi [error-unrecognized-form], 酸化する [error-unrecognized-form], さんかする [error-unrecognized-form], sanka suru [error-unrecognized-form], 酸化すれ [error-unrecognized-form], さんかすれ [error-unrecognized-form], sanka sure [error-unrecognized-form], 酸化せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 酸化しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], さんかせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], さんかしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], sanka seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], sanka shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 酸化される [passive], さんかされる [passive], sanka sareru [passive], 酸化させる [causative], 酸化さす [causative], さんかさせる [causative], さんかさす [causative], sanka saseru [causative], sanka sasu [causative], 酸化できる [potential], さんかできる [potential], sanka dekiru [potential], 酸化しよう [volitional], さんかしよう [volitional], sanka shiyō [volitional], 酸化しない [negative], さんかしない [negative], sanka shinai [negative], 酸化せず [continuative, negative], さんかせず [continuative, negative], sanka sezu [continuative, negative], 酸化します [formal], さんかします [formal], sanka shimasu [formal], 酸化した [perfective], さんかした [perfective], sanka shita [perfective], 酸化して [conjunctive], さんかして [conjunctive], sanka shite [conjunctive], 酸化すれば [conditional, hypothetical], さんかすれば [conditional, hypothetical], sanka sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. (chemistry) to oxidize, to become oxidized Categories (topical): Chemistry
    Sense id: en-酸化-ja-verb-dOSlbVlU Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 39 61 Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 25 75 Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "酸",
        "3": "化",
        "pos1": "also in <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">酸素</i> (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)",
        "sort": "さんか",
        "t1": "acid",
        "t2": "-ization",
        "tr1": "san",
        "tr2": "ka"
      },
      "expansion": "酸 (san, “acid”, also in 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)) + 化 (-ka, “-ization”)",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From 酸 (san, “acid”, also in 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)) + 化 (-ka, “-ization”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "酸化",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "酸",
          "さん"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "さんか"
      },
      "expansion": "酸(さん)化(か) • (sanka)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 20 50 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 13 60 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
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        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
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          "_dis": "58 42",
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          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
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            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 38",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "ja:Chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "oxide",
          "roman": "sankabutsu",
          "word": "酸化物"
        },
        {
          "english": "oxidation number",
          "roman": "sankasū",
          "word": "酸化数"
        },
        {
          "english": "iron oxide",
          "roman": "sankatetsu",
          "word": "酸化鉄"
        },
        {
          "english": "stannous oxide",
          "roman": "sanka suzu",
          "word": "酸化錫"
        },
        {
          "english": "oxidative stress",
          "roman": "sanka sutoresu",
          "word": "酸化ストレス"
        },
        {
          "english": "carbon oxide",
          "roman": "sanka tanso",
          "word": "酸化炭素"
        },
        {
          "english": "nitrogen oxide",
          "roman": "sanka chisso",
          "word": "酸化窒素"
        },
        {
          "english": "magnesium oxide",
          "roman": "sanka maguneshiumu",
          "word": "酸化マグネシウム"
        },
        {
          "english": "aluminum oxide",
          "roman": "sanka aruminiumu",
          "word": "酸化アルミニウム"
        },
        {
          "english": "calcium oxide",
          "roman": "sanka karushiumu",
          "word": "酸化カルシウム"
        },
        {
          "english": "chromium oxide",
          "roman": "sanka kuromu",
          "word": "酸化クロム"
        },
        {
          "english": "zinc oxide",
          "roman": "sanka aen",
          "word": "酸化亜鉛"
        },
        {
          "english": "arsenic trioxide",
          "roman": "sanka hiso",
          "word": "酸化砒素"
        },
        {
          "english": "barium oxide",
          "roman": "sanka bariumu",
          "word": "酸化バリウム"
        },
        {
          "english": "mercurous oxide",
          "roman": "sanka suigin",
          "word": "酸化水銀"
        },
        {
          "english": "acidic oxide",
          "roman": "sansei sankabutsu",
          "word": "酸性酸化物"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sanka-bōshizai",
          "word": "酸化防止剤: antioxidant"
        },
        {
          "english": "oxidation-reduction reaction",
          "roman": "sanka kangen hannō",
          "word": "酸化還元反応"
        },
        {
          "roman": "suisanka",
          "word": "水酸化: hydration"
        },
        {
          "roman": "issanka",
          "word": "一酸化: monoxide"
        },
        {
          "roman": "suisankabutsu",
          "word": "水酸化物: hydroxide"
        },
        {
          "english": "peroxide",
          "roman": "kasankabutsu",
          "word": "過酸化物"
        },
        {
          "english": "carbon monoxide",
          "roman": "issanka tanso",
          "word": "一酸化炭素"
        },
        {
          "english": "nitric monoxide",
          "roman": "issanka chisso",
          "word": "一酸化窒素"
        },
        {
          "english": "carbon dioxide",
          "roman": "nisanka tanso",
          "word": "二酸化炭素"
        },
        {
          "english": "nitrogen dioxide",
          "roman": "nisanka chisso",
          "word": "二酸化窒素"
        },
        {
          "english": "silicon dioxide",
          "roman": "nisanka keiso",
          "word": "二酸化ケイ素"
        },
        {
          "english": "sulfur dioxide",
          "roman": "nisanka iō",
          "word": "二酸化硫黄"
        },
        {
          "english": "manganese dioxide",
          "roman": "nisanka mangan",
          "word": "二酸化マンガン"
        },
        {
          "english": "sulfur trioxide",
          "roman": "sansanka iō",
          "word": "三酸化硫黄"
        },
        {
          "english": "chromic anhydride",
          "roman": "sansanka kuromu",
          "word": "三酸化クロム"
        },
        {
          "english": "sodium hydroxide",
          "roman": "suisanka natoriumu",
          "word": "水酸化ナトリウム"
        },
        {
          "english": "aluminum hydroxide",
          "roman": "suisanka aruminiumu",
          "word": "水酸化アルミニウム"
        },
        {
          "english": "potassium hydroxide",
          "roman": "suisanka kariumu",
          "word": "水酸化カリウム"
        },
        {
          "english": "calcium hydroxide",
          "roman": "suisanka karushiumu",
          "word": "水酸化カルシウム"
        },
        {
          "english": "barium hydroxide",
          "roman": "suisanka bariumu",
          "word": "水酸化バリウム"
        },
        {
          "english": "fatty acid peroxides",
          "roman": "kasanka shishitsu",
          "word": "過酸化脂質"
        },
        {
          "english": "hydrogen peroxide",
          "roman": "kasanka suiso",
          "word": "過酸化水素"
        },
        {
          "english": "sodium peroxide",
          "roman": "kasanka natoriumu",
          "word": "過酸化ナトリウム"
        },
        {
          "english": "barium peroxide",
          "roman": "kasanka bariumu",
          "word": "過酸化バリウム"
        },
        {
          "english": "benzoyl peroxide",
          "roman": "kasanka benzoiru",
          "word": "過酸化ベンゾイル"
        },
        {
          "english": "carbon suboxide",
          "roman": "jisanka tanso",
          "word": "次酸化炭素"
        },
        {
          "english": "nitrous oxide",
          "roman": "asanka chisso",
          "word": "亜酸化窒素"
        },
        {
          "english": "dinitrogen oxide",
          "roman": "issanka nichisso",
          "word": "一酸化二窒素"
        },
        {
          "roman": "suisankabutsu ion",
          "word": "水酸化物イオン: hydroxide ion"
        },
        {
          "english": "carbon monoxide poisoning",
          "roman": "issanka tanso chūdoku",
          "word": "一酸化炭素中毒"
        },
        {
          "english": "right to emit carbon dioxide",
          "roman": "nisanka tanso-haishutsuken",
          "word": "二酸化炭素排出権"
        },
        {
          "english": "carbon dioxide reducing obligation",
          "roman": "nisanka tanso sakugen gimu",
          "word": "二酸化炭素削減義務"
        },
        {
          "english": "CO2-reduction goal",
          "roman": "nisanka tanso sakugen mokuhyō",
          "word": "二酸化炭素削減目標"
        },
        {
          "english": "sulfur oxide",
          "roman": "iō sankabutsu",
          "word": "硫黄酸化物"
        },
        {
          "english": "nitrogen oxide",
          "roman": "chisso sankabutsu",
          "word": "窒素酸化物"
        },
        {
          "english": "mixed plutonium and uranium oxides fuel",
          "roman": "kongō sankabutsu nenryō",
          "word": "混合酸化物燃料"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kinzoku sankabutsu handōtai",
          "topics": [
            "computing",
            "engineering",
            "mathematics",
            "sciences",
            "physical-sciences",
            "natural-sciences"
          ],
          "word": "金属酸化物半導体: metal oxide semiconductor"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kinzoku sankamaku handōtai",
          "topics": [
            "computing",
            "engineering",
            "mathematics",
            "sciences",
            "physical-sciences",
            "natural-sciences"
          ],
          "word": "金属酸化膜半導体: metal oxide semiconductor"
        },
        {
          "english": "basic oxide",
          "roman": "enkisei sankabutsu",
          "word": "塩基性酸化物"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sōhogata-kinzoku-sankamaku-handōtai",
          "topics": [
            "computing",
            "engineering",
            "mathematics",
            "sciences",
            "physical-sciences",
            "natural-sciences"
          ],
          "word": "相補型金属酸化膜半導体: complementary metal-oxide semiconductor"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "oxidation, oxidization"
      ],
      "id": "en-酸化-ja-noun-1EO9GWNn",
      "links": [
        [
          "oxidation",
          "oxidation"
        ],
        [
          "oxidization",
          "oxidization"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "酸化"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "酸",
        "3": "化",
        "pos1": "also in <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">酸素</i> (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)",
        "sort": "さんか",
        "t1": "acid",
        "t2": "-ization",
        "tr1": "san",
        "tr2": "ka"
      },
      "expansion": "酸 (san, “acid”, also in 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)) + 化 (-ka, “-ization”)",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From 酸 (san, “acid”, also in 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)) + 化 (-ka, “-ization”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "酸化する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "酸",
          "さん"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化し",
      "roman": "sanka shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "酸",
          "さん"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化した",
      "roman": "sanka shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "酸",
          "さん"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
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    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "ja:Chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to oxidize, to become oxidized"
      ],
      "id": "en-酸化-ja-verb-dOSlbVlU",
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "oxidize",
          "oxidize"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) to oxidize, to become oxidized"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "酸化"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms suffixed with 化",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Chemistry"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "oxide",
      "roman": "sankabutsu",
      "word": "酸化物"
    },
    {
      "english": "oxidation number",
      "roman": "sankasū",
      "word": "酸化数"
    },
    {
      "english": "iron oxide",
      "roman": "sankatetsu",
      "word": "酸化鉄"
    },
    {
      "english": "stannous oxide",
      "roman": "sanka suzu",
      "word": "酸化錫"
    },
    {
      "english": "oxidative stress",
      "roman": "sanka sutoresu",
      "word": "酸化ストレス"
    },
    {
      "english": "carbon oxide",
      "roman": "sanka tanso",
      "word": "酸化炭素"
    },
    {
      "english": "nitrogen oxide",
      "roman": "sanka chisso",
      "word": "酸化窒素"
    },
    {
      "english": "magnesium oxide",
      "roman": "sanka maguneshiumu",
      "word": "酸化マグネシウム"
    },
    {
      "english": "aluminum oxide",
      "roman": "sanka aruminiumu",
      "word": "酸化アルミニウム"
    },
    {
      "english": "calcium oxide",
      "roman": "sanka karushiumu",
      "word": "酸化カルシウム"
    },
    {
      "english": "chromium oxide",
      "roman": "sanka kuromu",
      "word": "酸化クロム"
    },
    {
      "english": "zinc oxide",
      "roman": "sanka aen",
      "word": "酸化亜鉛"
    },
    {
      "english": "arsenic trioxide",
      "roman": "sanka hiso",
      "word": "酸化砒素"
    },
    {
      "english": "barium oxide",
      "roman": "sanka bariumu",
      "word": "酸化バリウム"
    },
    {
      "english": "mercurous oxide",
      "roman": "sanka suigin",
      "word": "酸化水銀"
    },
    {
      "english": "acidic oxide",
      "roman": "sansei sankabutsu",
      "word": "酸性酸化物"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sanka-bōshizai",
      "word": "酸化防止剤: antioxidant"
    },
    {
      "english": "oxidation-reduction reaction",
      "roman": "sanka kangen hannō",
      "word": "酸化還元反応"
    },
    {
      "roman": "suisanka",
      "word": "水酸化: hydration"
    },
    {
      "roman": "issanka",
      "word": "一酸化: monoxide"
    },
    {
      "roman": "suisankabutsu",
      "word": "水酸化物: hydroxide"
    },
    {
      "english": "peroxide",
      "roman": "kasankabutsu",
      "word": "過酸化物"
    },
    {
      "english": "carbon monoxide",
      "roman": "issanka tanso",
      "word": "一酸化炭素"
    },
    {
      "english": "nitric monoxide",
      "roman": "issanka chisso",
      "word": "一酸化窒素"
    },
    {
      "english": "carbon dioxide",
      "roman": "nisanka tanso",
      "word": "二酸化炭素"
    },
    {
      "english": "nitrogen dioxide",
      "roman": "nisanka chisso",
      "word": "二酸化窒素"
    },
    {
      "english": "silicon dioxide",
      "roman": "nisanka keiso",
      "word": "二酸化ケイ素"
    },
    {
      "english": "sulfur dioxide",
      "roman": "nisanka iō",
      "word": "二酸化硫黄"
    },
    {
      "english": "manganese dioxide",
      "roman": "nisanka mangan",
      "word": "二酸化マンガン"
    },
    {
      "english": "sulfur trioxide",
      "roman": "sansanka iō",
      "word": "三酸化硫黄"
    },
    {
      "english": "chromic anhydride",
      "roman": "sansanka kuromu",
      "word": "三酸化クロム"
    },
    {
      "english": "sodium hydroxide",
      "roman": "suisanka natoriumu",
      "word": "水酸化ナトリウム"
    },
    {
      "english": "aluminum hydroxide",
      "roman": "suisanka aruminiumu",
      "word": "水酸化アルミニウム"
    },
    {
      "english": "potassium hydroxide",
      "roman": "suisanka kariumu",
      "word": "水酸化カリウム"
    },
    {
      "english": "calcium hydroxide",
      "roman": "suisanka karushiumu",
      "word": "水酸化カルシウム"
    },
    {
      "english": "barium hydroxide",
      "roman": "suisanka bariumu",
      "word": "水酸化バリウム"
    },
    {
      "english": "fatty acid peroxides",
      "roman": "kasanka shishitsu",
      "word": "過酸化脂質"
    },
    {
      "english": "hydrogen peroxide",
      "roman": "kasanka suiso",
      "word": "過酸化水素"
    },
    {
      "english": "sodium peroxide",
      "roman": "kasanka natoriumu",
      "word": "過酸化ナトリウム"
    },
    {
      "english": "barium peroxide",
      "roman": "kasanka bariumu",
      "word": "過酸化バリウム"
    },
    {
      "english": "benzoyl peroxide",
      "roman": "kasanka benzoiru",
      "word": "過酸化ベンゾイル"
    },
    {
      "english": "carbon suboxide",
      "roman": "jisanka tanso",
      "word": "次酸化炭素"
    },
    {
      "english": "nitrous oxide",
      "roman": "asanka chisso",
      "word": "亜酸化窒素"
    },
    {
      "english": "dinitrogen oxide",
      "roman": "issanka nichisso",
      "word": "一酸化二窒素"
    },
    {
      "roman": "suisankabutsu ion",
      "word": "水酸化物イオン: hydroxide ion"
    },
    {
      "english": "carbon monoxide poisoning",
      "roman": "issanka tanso chūdoku",
      "word": "一酸化炭素中毒"
    },
    {
      "english": "right to emit carbon dioxide",
      "roman": "nisanka tanso-haishutsuken",
      "word": "二酸化炭素排出権"
    },
    {
      "english": "carbon dioxide reducing obligation",
      "roman": "nisanka tanso sakugen gimu",
      "word": "二酸化炭素削減義務"
    },
    {
      "english": "CO2-reduction goal",
      "roman": "nisanka tanso sakugen mokuhyō",
      "word": "二酸化炭素削減目標"
    },
    {
      "english": "sulfur oxide",
      "roman": "iō sankabutsu",
      "word": "硫黄酸化物"
    },
    {
      "english": "nitrogen oxide",
      "roman": "chisso sankabutsu",
      "word": "窒素酸化物"
    },
    {
      "english": "mixed plutonium and uranium oxides fuel",
      "roman": "kongō sankabutsu nenryō",
      "word": "混合酸化物燃料"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kinzoku sankabutsu handōtai",
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "word": "金属酸化物半導体: metal oxide semiconductor"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kinzoku sankamaku handōtai",
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "word": "金属酸化膜半導体: metal oxide semiconductor"
    },
    {
      "english": "basic oxide",
      "roman": "enkisei sankabutsu",
      "word": "塩基性酸化物"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sōhogata-kinzoku-sankamaku-handōtai",
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "word": "相補型金属酸化膜半導体: complementary metal-oxide semiconductor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "酸",
        "3": "化",
        "pos1": "also in <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">酸素</i> (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)",
        "sort": "さんか",
        "t1": "acid",
        "t2": "-ization",
        "tr1": "san",
        "tr2": "ka"
      },
      "expansion": "酸 (san, “acid”, also in 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)) + 化 (-ka, “-ization”)",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From 酸 (san, “acid”, also in 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)) + 化 (-ka, “-ization”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "酸化",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "酸",
          "さん"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "さんか"
      },
      "expansion": "酸(さん)化(か) • (sanka)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "oxidation, oxidization"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "oxidation",
          "oxidation"
        ],
        [
          "oxidization",
          "oxidization"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "酸化"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms suffixed with 化",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Chemistry"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "酸",
        "3": "化",
        "pos1": "also in <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">酸素</i> (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)",
        "sort": "さんか",
        "t1": "acid",
        "t2": "-ization",
        "tr1": "san",
        "tr2": "ka"
      },
      "expansion": "酸 (san, “acid”, also in 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)) + 化 (-ka, “-ization”)",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From 酸 (san, “acid”, also in 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”, literally “acidic/sour element; sourstuff”)) + 化 (-ka, “-ization”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "酸化する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "酸",
          "さん"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化し",
      "roman": "sanka shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "酸",
          "さん"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化した",
      "roman": "sanka shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "酸",
          "さん"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "酸化すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "さんかすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sanka sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "ja:Chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to oxidize, to become oxidized"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "oxidize",
          "oxidize"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) to oxidize, to become oxidized"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "酸化"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 酸化 meaning in Japanese (12.9kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "酸化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "酸化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "酸化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "酸化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "酸化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "酸化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "酸化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "酸化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "酸化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "酸化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "酸化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "酸化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "酸化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "酸化",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.