See 文化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "文化",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 文化 (wénhuà)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 文化 (wénhuà)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "문화",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 문화 (munhwa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 문화 (munhwa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "văn hoá",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: văn hoá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: văn hoá"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "文化",
"4": "",
"5": "the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music",
"sort": "ふんか'",
"tr": "mjun xwæH"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Middle Chinese 文化 (mjun xwæH, “the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music”)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kultur"
},
"expansion": "German Kultur",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Middle Chinese 文化 (mjun xwæH, “the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music”), repurposed during the Meiji period as a translation of German Kultur.\nCited with the culture sense starting from roughly 1870.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "文化",
"ruby": [
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bunka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ぶんくわ",
"roman": "bunkwa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぶんか",
"hhira": "ぶんくわ"
},
"expansion": "文(ぶん)化(か) • (bunka) ^(←ぶんくわ (bunkwa)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Sociology",
"orig": "ja:Sociology",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cultural heritage",
"roman": "bunka isan",
"ruby": [
[
"文化遺産",
"ぶんかいさん"
]
],
"word": "文化遺産"
},
{
"english": "cultural film",
"roman": "bunka eiga",
"ruby": [
[
"文化映画",
"ぶんかえいが"
]
],
"word": "文化映画"
},
{
"english": "cultural sphere",
"roman": "bunkaken",
"ruby": [
[
"文化圏",
"ぶんかけん"
]
],
"word": "文化圏"
},
{
"english": "(computing) locale-specific behavior",
"roman": "bunkaken koyū dōsa",
"ruby": [
[
"文化圏固有動作",
"ぶんかけんこゆうどうさ"
]
],
"word": "文化圏固有動作"
},
{
"english": "Minister for Culture and Tourism",
"roman": "bunka-kankōshō",
"ruby": [
[
"文化観光省",
"ぶんかかんこうしょう"
]
],
"word": "文化観光省"
},
{
"english": "Order of Culture",
"roman": "bunka kunshō",
"ruby": [
[
"文化勲章",
"ぶんかくんしょう"
]
],
"word": "文化勲章"
},
{
"english": "cultural exchange",
"roman": "bunka kōryū",
"ruby": [
[
"文化交流",
"ぶんかこうりゅう"
]
],
"word": "文化交流"
},
{
"english": "person who has made outstanding cultural contributions",
"roman": "bunkakōrōsha",
"ruby": [
[
"文化功労者",
"ぶんかこうろうしゃ"
]
],
"word": "文化功労者"
},
{
"english": "country with a high level of culture",
"roman": "bunka kokka",
"ruby": [
[
"文化国家",
"ぶんかこっか"
]
],
"word": "文化国家"
},
{
"english": "culture festival",
"roman": "bunkasai",
"ruby": [
[
"文化祭",
"ぶんかさい"
]
],
"word": "文化祭"
},
{
"english": "cultural asset",
"roman": "bunkazai",
"ruby": [
[
"文化財",
"ぶんかざい"
]
],
"word": "文化財"
},
{
"english": "Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties",
"roman": "bunkazai-hogohō",
"ruby": [
[
"文化財保護法",
"ぶんかざいほごほう"
]
],
"word": "文化財保護法"
},
{
"english": "cultural history",
"roman": "bunkashi",
"ruby": [
[
"文化史",
"ぶんかし"
]
],
"word": "文化史"
},
{
"english": "cultural facility",
"roman": "bunka shisetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"文化施設",
"ぶんかしせつ"
]
],
"word": "文化施設"
},
{
"english": "Ministry of Culture",
"roman": "bunkashō",
"ruby": [
[
"文化省",
"ぶんかしょう"
]
],
"word": "文化省"
},
{
"english": "cultural psychology",
"roman": "bunkashinrigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"文化心理学",
"ぶんかしんりがく"
]
],
"word": "文化心理学"
},
{
"english": "Cultural Affairs Department",
"roman": "bunkajigyōbu",
"ruby": [
[
"文化事業部",
"ぶんかじぎょうぶ"
]
],
"word": "文化事業部"
},
{
"english": "person of culture",
"roman": "bunkajin",
"ruby": [
[
"文化人",
"ぶんかじん"
]
],
"word": "文化人"
},
{
"english": "cultural anthropology",
"roman": "bunkajinruigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"文化人類学",
"ぶんかじんるいがく"
]
],
"word": "文化人類学"
},
{
"english": "Cultural Revolution",
"roman": "bunkadaikakumei",
"ruby": [
[
"文化大革命",
"ぶんかだいかくめい"
]
],
"word": "文化大革命"
},
{
"english": "cultural geography",
"roman": "bunkachirigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"文化地理学",
"ぶんかちりがく"
]
],
"word": "文化地理学"
},
{
"english": "cultural",
"roman": "bunkateki",
"ruby": [
[
"文化的",
"ぶんかてき"
]
],
"word": "文化的"
},
{
"english": "Agency for Cultural Affairs",
"roman": "bunkachō",
"ruby": [
[
"文化庁",
"ぶんかちょう"
]
],
"word": "文化庁"
},
{
"english": "Culture Day Holiday",
"roman": "bunka no hi",
"ruby": [
[
"文化",
"ぶんか"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "文化の日"
},
{
"english": "Islamic culture",
"roman": "isuramu bunka",
"ruby": [
[
"文化",
"ぶんか"
]
],
"word": "イスラム文化"
},
{
"english": "foreign culture",
"roman": "ibunka",
"ruby": [
[
"異文化",
"いぶんか"
]
],
"word": "異文化"
},
{
"english": "visual culture",
"roman": "eizōbunka",
"ruby": [
[
"映像文化",
"えいぞうぶんか"
]
],
"word": "映像文化"
},
{
"english": "kanji culture",
"roman": "kanjibunka",
"ruby": [
[
"漢字文化",
"かんじぶんか"
]
],
"word": "漢字文化"
},
{
"english": "countries which use Chinese characters",
"roman": "kanjibunkaken",
"ruby": [
[
"漢字文化圏",
"かんじぶんかけん"
]
],
"word": "漢字文化圏"
},
{
"english": "vandalism",
"roman": "geijitsubunka no hakai",
"ruby": [
[
"芸術文化",
"げいじつぶんか"
],
[
"破壊",
"はかい"
]
],
"word": "芸術文化の破壊"
},
{
"english": "important cultural property",
"roman": "jūyōbunkazai",
"ruby": [
[
"重要文化財",
"じゅうようぶんかざい"
]
],
"word": "重要文化財"
},
{
"english": "important intangible cultural asset",
"roman": "jūyōmukeibunkazai",
"ruby": [
[
"重要無形文化財",
"じゅうようむけいぶんかざい"
]
],
"word": "重要無形文化財"
},
{
"english": "food culture",
"roman": "shokubunka",
"ruby": [
[
"食文化",
"しょくぶんか"
]
],
"word": "食文化"
},
{
"english": "consumer culture",
"roman": "shōhisha bunka",
"ruby": [
[
"消費者文化",
"しょうひしゃぶんか"
]
],
"word": "消費者文化"
},
{
"english": "mass culture, pop culture",
"roman": "taishū bunka",
"ruby": [
[
"大衆文化",
"たいしゅうぶんか"
]
],
"word": "大衆文化"
},
{
"english": "multiculturalism",
"roman": "tagen bunkaron",
"ruby": [
[
"多元文化論",
"たげんぶんかろん"
]
],
"word": "多元文化論"
},
{
"english": "multiculturalism",
"roman": "tabunkashugi",
"ruby": [
[
"多文化主義",
"たぶんかしゅぎ"
]
],
"word": "多文化主義"
},
{
"english": "traditional culture",
"roman": "dentōbunka",
"ruby": [
[
"伝統文化",
"でんとうぶんか"
]
],
"word": "伝統文化"
},
{
"english": "comparative culture",
"roman": "hikakubunka",
"ruby": [
[
"比較文化",
"ひかくぶんか"
]
],
"word": "比較文化"
},
{
"english": "intangible cultural asset",
"roman": "mukeibunkazai",
"ruby": [
[
"無形文化財",
"むけいぶんかざい"
]
],
"word": "無形文化財"
},
{
"english": "stipulate",
"roman": "meibunka",
"ruby": [
[
"明文化",
"めいぶんか"
]
],
"word": "明文化"
},
{
"english": "tangible cultural properties",
"roman": "yūkeibunkazai",
"ruby": [
[
"有形文化財",
"ゆうけいぶんかざい"
]
],
"word": "有形文化財"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The tradition of culture and the traits of the nation function to make the character of the national language.",
"ref": "1928, 岸田國士, 「語られる言葉」の美",
"roman": "Kore wa, kokugo no seikaku ni, bunka no dentō, kokuminsei no tokushitsu ga sayō suru kara de aru.",
"ruby": [
[
"国語",
"こくご"
],
[
"性格",
"せいかく"
],
[
"文化",
"ぶんか"
],
[
"伝統",
"でんとう"
],
[
"国民性",
"こくみんせい"
],
[
"特質",
"とくしつ"
],
[
"作用",
"さよう"
]
],
"text": "これは、国語の性格に、文化の伝統、国民性の特質が作用するからである。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"culture"
],
"id": "en-文化-ja-noun-8ZR~ef37",
"links": [
[
"culture",
"culture"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぶんか"
},
{
"ipa": "[bɯ̟̃ŋka̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Meiji period",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"ja:文化"
],
"word": "文化"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "文化",
"4": "",
"5": "the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music",
"sort": "ふんか'",
"tr": "mjun xwæH"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Middle Chinese 文化 (mjun xwæH, “the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music”)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kultur"
},
"expansion": "German Kultur",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Middle Chinese 文化 (mjun xwæH, “the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music”), repurposed during the Meiji period as a translation of German Kultur.\nCited with the culture sense starting from roughly 1870.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "文化",
"ruby": [
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Bunka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper noun",
"2": "ぶんか"
},
"expansion": "文(ぶん)化(か) • (Bunka)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Historical periods",
"orig": "ja:Historical periods",
"parents": [
"History",
"Timekeeping",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Bunka era, 1804-1818"
],
"id": "en-文化-ja-name-526h8WR3",
"related": [
{
"english": "era preceding Bunka",
"roman": "Kyōwa",
"ruby": [
[
"享和",
"きょうわ"
]
],
"word": "享和"
},
{
"english": "era following Bunka",
"roman": "Bunsei",
"ruby": [
[
"文政",
"ぶんせい"
]
],
"word": "文政"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぶんか"
},
{
"ipa": "[bɯ̟̃ŋka̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bunka",
"Meiji period",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"ja:文化 (元号)"
],
"word": "文化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese learned borrowings from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms historically spelled with わ",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with quotations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Middle Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Historical periods",
"ja:Sociology"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cultural heritage",
"roman": "bunka isan",
"ruby": [
[
"文化遺産",
"ぶんかいさん"
]
],
"word": "文化遺産"
},
{
"english": "cultural film",
"roman": "bunka eiga",
"ruby": [
[
"文化映画",
"ぶんかえいが"
]
],
"word": "文化映画"
},
{
"english": "cultural sphere",
"roman": "bunkaken",
"ruby": [
[
"文化圏",
"ぶんかけん"
]
],
"word": "文化圏"
},
{
"english": "(computing) locale-specific behavior",
"roman": "bunkaken koyū dōsa",
"ruby": [
[
"文化圏固有動作",
"ぶんかけんこゆうどうさ"
]
],
"word": "文化圏固有動作"
},
{
"english": "Minister for Culture and Tourism",
"roman": "bunka-kankōshō",
"ruby": [
[
"文化観光省",
"ぶんかかんこうしょう"
]
],
"word": "文化観光省"
},
{
"english": "Order of Culture",
"roman": "bunka kunshō",
"ruby": [
[
"文化勲章",
"ぶんかくんしょう"
]
],
"word": "文化勲章"
},
{
"english": "cultural exchange",
"roman": "bunka kōryū",
"ruby": [
[
"文化交流",
"ぶんかこうりゅう"
]
],
"word": "文化交流"
},
{
"english": "person who has made outstanding cultural contributions",
"roman": "bunkakōrōsha",
"ruby": [
[
"文化功労者",
"ぶんかこうろうしゃ"
]
],
"word": "文化功労者"
},
{
"english": "country with a high level of culture",
"roman": "bunka kokka",
"ruby": [
[
"文化国家",
"ぶんかこっか"
]
],
"word": "文化国家"
},
{
"english": "culture festival",
"roman": "bunkasai",
"ruby": [
[
"文化祭",
"ぶんかさい"
]
],
"word": "文化祭"
},
{
"english": "cultural asset",
"roman": "bunkazai",
"ruby": [
[
"文化財",
"ぶんかざい"
]
],
"word": "文化財"
},
{
"english": "Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties",
"roman": "bunkazai-hogohō",
"ruby": [
[
"文化財保護法",
"ぶんかざいほごほう"
]
],
"word": "文化財保護法"
},
{
"english": "cultural history",
"roman": "bunkashi",
"ruby": [
[
"文化史",
"ぶんかし"
]
],
"word": "文化史"
},
{
"english": "cultural facility",
"roman": "bunka shisetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"文化施設",
"ぶんかしせつ"
]
],
"word": "文化施設"
},
{
"english": "Ministry of Culture",
"roman": "bunkashō",
"ruby": [
[
"文化省",
"ぶんかしょう"
]
],
"word": "文化省"
},
{
"english": "cultural psychology",
"roman": "bunkashinrigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"文化心理学",
"ぶんかしんりがく"
]
],
"word": "文化心理学"
},
{
"english": "Cultural Affairs Department",
"roman": "bunkajigyōbu",
"ruby": [
[
"文化事業部",
"ぶんかじぎょうぶ"
]
],
"word": "文化事業部"
},
{
"english": "person of culture",
"roman": "bunkajin",
"ruby": [
[
"文化人",
"ぶんかじん"
]
],
"word": "文化人"
},
{
"english": "cultural anthropology",
"roman": "bunkajinruigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"文化人類学",
"ぶんかじんるいがく"
]
],
"word": "文化人類学"
},
{
"english": "Cultural Revolution",
"roman": "bunkadaikakumei",
"ruby": [
[
"文化大革命",
"ぶんかだいかくめい"
]
],
"word": "文化大革命"
},
{
"english": "cultural geography",
"roman": "bunkachirigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"文化地理学",
"ぶんかちりがく"
]
],
"word": "文化地理学"
},
{
"english": "cultural",
"roman": "bunkateki",
"ruby": [
[
"文化的",
"ぶんかてき"
]
],
"word": "文化的"
},
{
"english": "Agency for Cultural Affairs",
"roman": "bunkachō",
"ruby": [
[
"文化庁",
"ぶんかちょう"
]
],
"word": "文化庁"
},
{
"english": "Culture Day Holiday",
"roman": "bunka no hi",
"ruby": [
[
"文化",
"ぶんか"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "文化の日"
},
{
"english": "Islamic culture",
"roman": "isuramu bunka",
"ruby": [
[
"文化",
"ぶんか"
]
],
"word": "イスラム文化"
},
{
"english": "foreign culture",
"roman": "ibunka",
"ruby": [
[
"異文化",
"いぶんか"
]
],
"word": "異文化"
},
{
"english": "visual culture",
"roman": "eizōbunka",
"ruby": [
[
"映像文化",
"えいぞうぶんか"
]
],
"word": "映像文化"
},
{
"english": "kanji culture",
"roman": "kanjibunka",
"ruby": [
[
"漢字文化",
"かんじぶんか"
]
],
"word": "漢字文化"
},
{
"english": "countries which use Chinese characters",
"roman": "kanjibunkaken",
"ruby": [
[
"漢字文化圏",
"かんじぶんかけん"
]
],
"word": "漢字文化圏"
},
{
"english": "vandalism",
"roman": "geijitsubunka no hakai",
"ruby": [
[
"芸術文化",
"げいじつぶんか"
],
[
"破壊",
"はかい"
]
],
"word": "芸術文化の破壊"
},
{
"english": "important cultural property",
"roman": "jūyōbunkazai",
"ruby": [
[
"重要文化財",
"じゅうようぶんかざい"
]
],
"word": "重要文化財"
},
{
"english": "important intangible cultural asset",
"roman": "jūyōmukeibunkazai",
"ruby": [
[
"重要無形文化財",
"じゅうようむけいぶんかざい"
]
],
"word": "重要無形文化財"
},
{
"english": "food culture",
"roman": "shokubunka",
"ruby": [
[
"食文化",
"しょくぶんか"
]
],
"word": "食文化"
},
{
"english": "consumer culture",
"roman": "shōhisha bunka",
"ruby": [
[
"消費者文化",
"しょうひしゃぶんか"
]
],
"word": "消費者文化"
},
{
"english": "mass culture, pop culture",
"roman": "taishū bunka",
"ruby": [
[
"大衆文化",
"たいしゅうぶんか"
]
],
"word": "大衆文化"
},
{
"english": "multiculturalism",
"roman": "tagen bunkaron",
"ruby": [
[
"多元文化論",
"たげんぶんかろん"
]
],
"word": "多元文化論"
},
{
"english": "multiculturalism",
"roman": "tabunkashugi",
"ruby": [
[
"多文化主義",
"たぶんかしゅぎ"
]
],
"word": "多文化主義"
},
{
"english": "traditional culture",
"roman": "dentōbunka",
"ruby": [
[
"伝統文化",
"でんとうぶんか"
]
],
"word": "伝統文化"
},
{
"english": "comparative culture",
"roman": "hikakubunka",
"ruby": [
[
"比較文化",
"ひかくぶんか"
]
],
"word": "比較文化"
},
{
"english": "intangible cultural asset",
"roman": "mukeibunkazai",
"ruby": [
[
"無形文化財",
"むけいぶんかざい"
]
],
"word": "無形文化財"
},
{
"english": "stipulate",
"roman": "meibunka",
"ruby": [
[
"明文化",
"めいぶんか"
]
],
"word": "明文化"
},
{
"english": "tangible cultural properties",
"roman": "yūkeibunkazai",
"ruby": [
[
"有形文化財",
"ゆうけいぶんかざい"
]
],
"word": "有形文化財"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "文化",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 文化 (wénhuà)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 文化 (wénhuà)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "문화",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 문화 (munhwa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 문화 (munhwa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "văn hoá",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: văn hoá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: văn hoá"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "文化",
"4": "",
"5": "the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music",
"sort": "ふんか'",
"tr": "mjun xwæH"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Middle Chinese 文化 (mjun xwæH, “the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music”)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kultur"
},
"expansion": "German Kultur",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Middle Chinese 文化 (mjun xwæH, “the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music”), repurposed during the Meiji period as a translation of German Kultur.\nCited with the culture sense starting from roughly 1870.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "文化",
"ruby": [
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bunka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ぶんくわ",
"roman": "bunkwa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぶんか",
"hhira": "ぶんくわ"
},
"expansion": "文(ぶん)化(か) • (bunka) ^(←ぶんくわ (bunkwa)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The tradition of culture and the traits of the nation function to make the character of the national language.",
"ref": "1928, 岸田國士, 「語られる言葉」の美",
"roman": "Kore wa, kokugo no seikaku ni, bunka no dentō, kokuminsei no tokushitsu ga sayō suru kara de aru.",
"ruby": [
[
"国語",
"こくご"
],
[
"性格",
"せいかく"
],
[
"文化",
"ぶんか"
],
[
"伝統",
"でんとう"
],
[
"国民性",
"こくみんせい"
],
[
"特質",
"とくしつ"
],
[
"作用",
"さよう"
]
],
"text": "これは、国語の性格に、文化の伝統、国民性の特質が作用するからである。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"culture"
],
"links": [
[
"culture",
"culture"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぶんか"
},
{
"ipa": "[bɯ̟̃ŋka̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Meiji period",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"ja:文化"
],
"word": "文化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese learned borrowings from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms historically spelled with わ",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with quotations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Middle Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Historical periods",
"ja:Sociology"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "文化",
"4": "",
"5": "the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music",
"sort": "ふんか'",
"tr": "mjun xwæH"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Middle Chinese 文化 (mjun xwæH, “the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music”)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kultur"
},
"expansion": "German Kultur",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Middle Chinese 文化 (mjun xwæH, “the way of educating by using morality, literature, rituals and music”), repurposed during the Meiji period as a translation of German Kultur.\nCited with the culture sense starting from roughly 1870.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "文化",
"ruby": [
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Bunka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper noun",
"2": "ぶんか"
},
"expansion": "文(ぶん)化(か) • (Bunka)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"english": "era preceding Bunka",
"roman": "Kyōwa",
"ruby": [
[
"享和",
"きょうわ"
]
],
"word": "享和"
},
{
"english": "era following Bunka",
"roman": "Bunsei",
"ruby": [
[
"文政",
"ぶんせい"
]
],
"word": "文政"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The Bunka era, 1804-1818"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぶんか"
},
{
"ipa": "[bɯ̟̃ŋka̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bunka",
"Meiji period",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"ja:文化 (元号)"
],
"word": "文化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 文化 meaning in Japanese (11.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"文化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "文化",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 3"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"文化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "文化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"文化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "文化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.