See -pa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-pas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "clitic"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-pa",
"id": "clitic",
"pos": "clitic"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-pa (clitic)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-pa (clitic) (see it for more).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-pä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pä"
},
"expansion": "pA",
"name": "fi-affix-linguistic-notation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "particle",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-pä",
"5": "linguistic notation",
"6": "-pA",
"cat2": "clitics",
"cat3": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-pa (front vowel harmony variant -pä, linguistic notation -pA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"var": "pä"
},
"expansion": "-pa (front vowel harmony variant -pä, linguistic notation -pA)",
"name": "fi-clitic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "enclitic particle"
},
"expansion": "(enclitic particle)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-kin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-kaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-han"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-ko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-s"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
],
[
12,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "Ooh lots of flowers are there!",
"text": "Tuollapa on paljon kukkia!",
"translation": "Ooh lots of flowers are there!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "How beautiful you are!",
"text": "Oletpa sinä kaunis!",
"translation": "How beautiful you are!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expresses that the speaker is surprised at or astonished by something."
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-particle-jyULDZqY",
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 18 2 3 2 11 10 1 23 4 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 16 3 5 4 12 11 2 16 5 0 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 18 2 3 2 11 14 1 22 4 1 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "Please, clear the plates off the table.",
"text": "Korjaapa lautaset pois pöydästä.",
"translation": "Please, clear the plates off the table.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "Kindly do these tasks.",
"text": "Teepä nämä tehtävät.",
"translation": "Kindly do these tasks.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
14,
18
]
],
"english": "Let's do them then.",
"text": "Tehdäänpä ne sitten.",
"translation": "Let's do them then.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "Give this model a try.",
"text": "Kokeilkaapa tätä mallia.",
"translation": "Give this model a try.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
60
]
],
"english": "They say that maths is easy, yet you try understand it yourself!",
"text": "Sitä sanotaan että matematiikka on helppoa, vaan yrittäkääpä ymmärtää sitä itse!",
"translation": "They say that maths is easy, yet you try understand it yourself!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"please, kindly (appended to an imperative verb form in order to soften the command or request or turn it into a suggestion, or passive to form an urging hortative)"
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-particle-fi:please",
"links": [
[
"please",
"please"
],
[
"kindly",
"kindly"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fi:please"
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "Well, it's not like there was much that could have been done.",
"text": "Eipä siinä paljoa ollut tehtävissä.",
"translation": "Well, it's not like there was much that could have been done.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "Well, I hadn't thought of that.",
"text": "Tuotapa en ollut tullut ajatelleeksi.",
"translation": "Well, I hadn't thought of that.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expresses admission or concession, possibly in a way that expresses defeat."
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-particle-cSBHyv14",
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
24
]
],
"english": "But imagine, if you like, a world where climate change did not exist.",
"text": "Mutta kuvittelepa maailma, jossa ei olisi ilmastonmuutosta.",
"translation": "But imagine, if you like, a world where climate change did not exist.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"if you like (used in giving a non-concrete instruction)"
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-particle-fi:if_you_like",
"links": [
[
"if you like",
"if you like"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fi:if-you-like"
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "Well, our dog can sing!",
"text": "Meidänpä koira osaa laulaa!",
"translation": "Well, our dog can sing!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expresses that the speaker is proud of something, also to boast or brag about something."
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-particle-suoCOY2t",
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 18 2 3 2 11 10 1 23 4 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 16 3 5 4 12 11 2 16 5 0 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 18 2 3 2 11 14 1 22 4 1 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "I think I'll go home.",
"text": "Taidanpa lähteä kotiin.",
"translation": "I think I'll go home.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
28
]
],
"english": "So you chose to go home, huh.",
"text": "Taisitpa sitten lähteä kotiin.",
"translation": "So you chose to go home, huh.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to narrate impulsive actions; when describing the speaker's own actions, expresses that the speaker decided to do the action at the referred time; when describing the (past) actions of the person being addressed, implies that the speaker is looking for an explanation."
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-particle-xbJRGclP",
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) Used to narrate impulsive actions; when describing the speaker's own actions, expresses that the speaker decided to do the action at the referred time; when describing the (past) actions of the person being addressed, implies that the speaker is looking for an explanation."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"informal",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 18 2 3 2 11 10 1 23 4 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 16 3 5 4 12 11 2 16 5 0 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 18 2 3 2 11 14 1 22 4 1 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "Hey, go put the plates on the table.",
"text": "Laitapas lautaset pöytään.",
"translation": "Hey, go put the plates on the table.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "Hey, go straighten up your room.",
"text": "Siistipäs huoneesi.",
"translation": "Hey, go straighten up your room.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"When appended to a second-person imperative with the particle -s, gives the command or request a slightly more persuasive or inspiring tone."
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-particle-fi:command",
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Finnish"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fi:command"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "10 4 2 4 2 19 47 2 2 2 2 4",
"sense": "when surprised at something, stronger than -pa",
"word": "-han"
}
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "I wish I had seized that opportunity.",
"text": "Olisinpa tarttunut tilaisuuteen.",
"translation": "I wish I had seized that opportunity.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"english": "Wish I had some beer.",
"text": "Oispa kaljaa.",
"translation": "Wish I had some beer.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I wish (expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true)"
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-particle-zQ9lq9um",
"links": [
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with conditional) I wish (expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with conditional"
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 18 2 3 2 11 10 1 23 4 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 16 3 5 4 12 11 2 16 5 0 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 18 2 3 2 11 14 1 22 4 1 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "How inconsiderate of me.",
"text": "Olinpa ajattelematon.",
"translation": "How inconsiderate of me.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "Just saying!",
"text": "Sanonpahan vaan!",
"translation": "Just saying!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Adds a general emphatic tone, the exact meaning of which depends on the tone of voice."
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-particle-fbvATe-Q",
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "Yes I did! (for example, as a response to someone saying the speaker did not do their homework)",
"text": "Teinpä(s)!",
"translation": "Yes I did! (for example, as a response to someone saying the speaker did not do their homework)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expresses disagreement or objection (by arguing) in the form of an exclamation."
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-particle-vsyznR62",
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possibly childish) Expresses disagreement or objection (by arguing) in the form of an exclamation."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-han"
}
],
"tags": [
"childish",
"enclitic",
"particle",
"possibly"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"english": "You have to do it, whether you like it or not.",
"text": "Se sinun pitää tehdä, pidätpä siitä tai et.",
"translation": "You have to do it, whether you like it or not.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"whether (no matter whether or not), no matter (if, what)"
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-particle-uPcnxRK6",
"links": [
[
"whether",
"whether"
],
[
"no matter",
"no matter"
]
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 4 11 3 4 4 10 8 2 12 4 0 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 18 2 3 2 11 10 1 23 4 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 16 3 5 4 12 11 2 16 5 0 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 18 2 3 2 11 14 1 22 4 1 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
37,
43
]
],
"english": "I mean, who would want to be with me anyway.",
"text": "Kukapa minun kanssa haluaisi muutenkaan olla.",
"translation": "I mean, who would want to be with me anyway.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"With interrogatives and conditional verbs, used to form self-deprecating, often rhetorical questions."
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-particle-agdg8fWc",
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-pɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-pɑ̝]"
},
{
"ipa": "/-pːɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-pːɑ̝]"
}
],
"word": "-pa"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "participial"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The original strong grade of the present active participle suffix -va.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-pä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "{{{stem}}}"
},
"expansion": "{{{stem}}}",
"name": "fi-affix-linguistic-notation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "{{{stem2}}}"
},
"expansion": "{{{stem2}}}",
"name": "fi-affix-linguistic-notation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pä"
},
"expansion": "pA",
"name": "fi-affix-linguistic-notation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-pA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-pä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-pa (front vowel harmony variant -pä, linguistic notation -pA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective",
"2": "noun",
"var": "pä"
},
"expansion": "-pa (front vowel harmony variant -pä, linguistic notation -pA)",
"name": "fi-suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "rare"
},
"expansion": "(rare)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "käydä (“to be suitable”) + -pa → käypä (“current, going; valid; popular; suitable, fitting”) (doublet of käyvä (“that which or who suits, goes”))"
},
{
"text": "syödä (“to eat”) + -pa → syöpä (“cancer”) (doublet of syövä (“that which or who eats”))"
},
{
"text": "juoda (“to drink”) + -pa → juopa (“streak”) (doublet of juova (“that which or who drinks”))"
},
{
"text": "suoda (“to give, allow, permit, grant”) + -pa → -suopa (“quality of having an intent or will towards others”, in pahansuopa (“malevolent”)) (doublet of suova (“that which or who allows or permits”))"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives or nouns of a very limited amount of verbs."
],
"id": "en--pa-fi-suffix-vLNp1PG-",
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"morpheme",
"particle",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-pɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-pɑ̝]"
}
],
"word": "-pa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish adjective-forming suffixes",
"Finnish clitics",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish noun-forming suffixes",
"Finnish particles",
"Finnish rare terms",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-pas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "clitic"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-pa",
"id": "clitic",
"pos": "clitic"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-pa (clitic)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-pa (clitic) (see it for more).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-pä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pä"
},
"expansion": "pA",
"name": "fi-affix-linguistic-notation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "particle",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-pä",
"5": "linguistic notation",
"6": "-pA",
"cat2": "clitics",
"cat3": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-pa (front vowel harmony variant -pä, linguistic notation -pA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"var": "pä"
},
"expansion": "-pa (front vowel harmony variant -pä, linguistic notation -pA)",
"name": "fi-clitic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "enclitic particle"
},
"expansion": "(enclitic particle)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "-kin"
},
{
"word": "-kaan"
},
{
"word": "-han"
},
{
"word": "-ko"
},
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
],
[
12,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "Ooh lots of flowers are there!",
"text": "Tuollapa on paljon kukkia!",
"translation": "Ooh lots of flowers are there!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "How beautiful you are!",
"text": "Oletpa sinä kaunis!",
"translation": "How beautiful you are!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expresses that the speaker is surprised at or astonished by something."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "Please, clear the plates off the table.",
"text": "Korjaapa lautaset pois pöydästä.",
"translation": "Please, clear the plates off the table.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "Kindly do these tasks.",
"text": "Teepä nämä tehtävät.",
"translation": "Kindly do these tasks.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
14,
18
]
],
"english": "Let's do them then.",
"text": "Tehdäänpä ne sitten.",
"translation": "Let's do them then.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "Give this model a try.",
"text": "Kokeilkaapa tätä mallia.",
"translation": "Give this model a try.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
60
]
],
"english": "They say that maths is easy, yet you try understand it yourself!",
"text": "Sitä sanotaan että matematiikka on helppoa, vaan yrittäkääpä ymmärtää sitä itse!",
"translation": "They say that maths is easy, yet you try understand it yourself!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"please, kindly (appended to an imperative verb form in order to soften the command or request or turn it into a suggestion, or passive to form an urging hortative)"
],
"links": [
[
"please",
"please"
],
[
"kindly",
"kindly"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fi:please"
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "Well, it's not like there was much that could have been done.",
"text": "Eipä siinä paljoa ollut tehtävissä.",
"translation": "Well, it's not like there was much that could have been done.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "Well, I hadn't thought of that.",
"text": "Tuotapa en ollut tullut ajatelleeksi.",
"translation": "Well, I hadn't thought of that.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expresses admission or concession, possibly in a way that expresses defeat."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
24
]
],
"english": "But imagine, if you like, a world where climate change did not exist.",
"text": "Mutta kuvittelepa maailma, jossa ei olisi ilmastonmuutosta.",
"translation": "But imagine, if you like, a world where climate change did not exist.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"if you like (used in giving a non-concrete instruction)"
],
"links": [
[
"if you like",
"if you like"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fi:if-you-like"
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "Well, our dog can sing!",
"text": "Meidänpä koira osaa laulaa!",
"translation": "Well, our dog can sing!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expresses that the speaker is proud of something, also to boast or brag about something."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish informal terms",
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "I think I'll go home.",
"text": "Taidanpa lähteä kotiin.",
"translation": "I think I'll go home.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
28
]
],
"english": "So you chose to go home, huh.",
"text": "Taisitpa sitten lähteä kotiin.",
"translation": "So you chose to go home, huh.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to narrate impulsive actions; when describing the speaker's own actions, expresses that the speaker decided to do the action at the referred time; when describing the (past) actions of the person being addressed, implies that the speaker is looking for an explanation."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) Used to narrate impulsive actions; when describing the speaker's own actions, expresses that the speaker decided to do the action at the referred time; when describing the (past) actions of the person being addressed, implies that the speaker is looking for an explanation."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"informal",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "Hey, go put the plates on the table.",
"text": "Laitapas lautaset pöytään.",
"translation": "Hey, go put the plates on the table.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "Hey, go straighten up your room.",
"text": "Siistipäs huoneesi.",
"translation": "Hey, go straighten up your room.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"When appended to a second-person imperative with the particle -s, gives the command or request a slightly more persuasive or inspiring tone."
],
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Finnish"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fi:command"
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "I wish I had seized that opportunity.",
"text": "Olisinpa tarttunut tilaisuuteen.",
"translation": "I wish I had seized that opportunity.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"english": "Wish I had some beer.",
"text": "Oispa kaljaa.",
"translation": "Wish I had some beer.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I wish (expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true)"
],
"links": [
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with conditional) I wish (expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with conditional"
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "How inconsiderate of me.",
"text": "Olinpa ajattelematon.",
"translation": "How inconsiderate of me.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "Just saying!",
"text": "Sanonpahan vaan!",
"translation": "Just saying!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Adds a general emphatic tone, the exact meaning of which depends on the tone of voice."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish childish terms",
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "Yes I did! (for example, as a response to someone saying the speaker did not do their homework)",
"text": "Teinpä(s)!",
"translation": "Yes I did! (for example, as a response to someone saying the speaker did not do their homework)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expresses disagreement or objection (by arguing) in the form of an exclamation."
],
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possibly childish) Expresses disagreement or objection (by arguing) in the form of an exclamation."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-han"
}
],
"tags": [
"childish",
"enclitic",
"particle",
"possibly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"english": "You have to do it, whether you like it or not.",
"text": "Se sinun pitää tehdä, pidätpä siitä tai et.",
"translation": "You have to do it, whether you like it or not.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"whether (no matter whether or not), no matter (if, what)"
],
"links": [
[
"whether",
"whether"
],
[
"no matter",
"no matter"
]
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
37,
43
]
],
"english": "I mean, who would want to be with me anyway.",
"text": "Kukapa minun kanssa haluaisi muutenkaan olla.",
"translation": "I mean, who would want to be with me anyway.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"With interrogatives and conditional verbs, used to form self-deprecating, often rhetorical questions."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-pɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-pɑ̝]"
},
{
"ipa": "/-pːɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-pːɑ̝]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "when surprised at something, stronger than -pa",
"word": "-han"
}
],
"word": "-pa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish adjective-forming suffixes",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish noun-forming suffixes",
"Finnish rare terms",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "participial"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The original strong grade of the present active participle suffix -va.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-pä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "{{{stem}}}"
},
"expansion": "{{{stem}}}",
"name": "fi-affix-linguistic-notation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "{{{stem2}}}"
},
"expansion": "{{{stem2}}}",
"name": "fi-affix-linguistic-notation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pä"
},
"expansion": "pA",
"name": "fi-affix-linguistic-notation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-pA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-pä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-pa (front vowel harmony variant -pä, linguistic notation -pA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective",
"2": "noun",
"var": "pä"
},
"expansion": "-pa (front vowel harmony variant -pä, linguistic notation -pA)",
"name": "fi-suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "rare"
},
"expansion": "(rare)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "käydä (“to be suitable”) + -pa → käypä (“current, going; valid; popular; suitable, fitting”) (doublet of käyvä (“that which or who suits, goes”))"
},
{
"text": "syödä (“to eat”) + -pa → syöpä (“cancer”) (doublet of syövä (“that which or who eats”))"
},
{
"text": "juoda (“to drink”) + -pa → juopa (“streak”) (doublet of juova (“that which or who drinks”))"
},
{
"text": "suoda (“to give, allow, permit, grant”) + -pa → -suopa (“quality of having an intent or will towards others”, in pahansuopa (“malevolent”)) (doublet of suova (“that which or who allows or permits”))"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives or nouns of a very limited amount of verbs."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"morpheme",
"particle",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-pɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-pɑ̝]"
}
],
"word": "-pa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -pa meaning in Finnish (13.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -pA",
"path": [
"-pa"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "-pa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -pA",
"path": [
"-pa"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-pa",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Finnish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.