See -ko in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ko"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ko",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ku-",
"4": "*ko-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ko-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-ko, probably ultimately from Proto-Uralic *ko-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-kö",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "particle",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-kö",
"5": "linguistic notation",
"6": "-kO",
"cat2": "clitics",
"cat3": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ko (front vowel harmony variant -kö, linguistic notation -kO)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"var": "kö"
},
"expansion": "-ko (front vowel harmony variant -kö, linguistic notation -kO)",
"name": "fi-clitic"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 39 4 41 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 41 5 39 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 33 12 40 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Is s/he here?",
"text": "Onko hän täällä? (on > + -ko)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Is s/he here?",
"text": "Täälläkö hän on? (täällä + -kö)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Is she coming by the ship?",
"text": "Tuleeko hän laivalla? (tulee > + -ko)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "By what, then - on the boat?",
"text": "Millä sitten - veneelläkö? (veneellä + -kö)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Does s/he see?",
"text": "Näkeekö hän? (näkee > + -kö)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Should s/he come here?",
"text": "Pitäisikö hänen tulla tänne? (pitäisi > + -kö)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turns a clause interrogative. It is appended to the element of the clause that is questioned most. English equivalents include the normal ways of forming an interrogative statement without using an interrogative pronoun, such as the verb \"do\", inversion of the word order and intonation."
],
"id": "en--ko-fi-particle-SViYI7k2",
"links": [
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative#English"
],
[
"do",
"do#English"
],
[
"inversion",
"inversion#English"
],
[
"intonation",
"intonation#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) Turns a clause interrogative. It is appended to the element of the clause that is questioned most. English equivalents include the normal ways of forming an interrogative statement without using an interrogative pronoun, such as the verb \"do\", inversion of the word order and intonation."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 39 4 41 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 41 5 39 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 33 12 40 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I don't know if she comes.",
"text": "En tiedä, tuleeko hän.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I don't know if she sees.",
"text": "En tiedä, näkeekö hän.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In indirect questions, -ko/-kö appended to the verb corresponds to the conjunctions if and whether in English."
],
"id": "en--ko-fi-particle-AxyUQbR4",
"links": [
[
"if",
"if#English"
],
[
"whether",
"whether#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) In indirect questions, -ko/-kö appended to the verb corresponds to the conjunctions if and whether in English."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"word": "-kin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"word": "-kaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"word": "-kään"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"word": "-han"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"word": "-hän"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"english": "the same particle in words with front vowel harmony",
"word": "-kö"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"word": "-pa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"word": "-pä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"word": "-s"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-ks"
}
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 33 12 40 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I wonder if he put enough clothes on this morning.",
"text": "Pukeutuikohan hän tarpeeksi lämpimästi tänä aamuna?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wonder if he went to school this morning.",
"text": "Meniköhän hän kouluun tänä aamuna?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"With the particle -han/-hän attached to the topic of discussion, it expresses \"I wonder if\"."
],
"id": "en--ko-fi-particle-9LaLpbTV",
"links": [
[
"-han/-hän",
"-han#Finnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) With the particle -han/-hän attached to the topic of discussion, it expresses \"I wonder if\"."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 39 4 41 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 41 5 39 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 33 12 40 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I suppose we'll get by somehow.",
"text": "Emmeköhän me jotenkuten tule toimeen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"With the negative verb (en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät) and the particle -han/-hän, expresses \"I suppose\"."
],
"id": "en--ko-fi-particle-g1AT30k-",
"links": [
[
"negative",
"negative#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"en",
"en#Finnish"
],
[
"et",
"et#Finnish"
],
[
"ei",
"ei#Finnish"
],
[
"emme",
"emme#Finnish"
],
[
"ette",
"ette#Finnish"
],
[
"eivät",
"eivät#Finnish"
],
[
"-han/-hän",
"-han#Finnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) With the negative verb (en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät) and the particle -han/-hän, expresses \"I suppose\"."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When are you coming by here?",
"text": "Olikko millon tulossa käymään?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In a question with an interrogative word."
],
"id": "en--ko-fi-particle-2gVYf7It",
"links": [
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic, colloquial) In a question with an interrogative word."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
}
],
"word": "-ko"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish clitics",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish particles",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ko"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ko",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ku-",
"4": "*ko-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ko-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-ko, probably ultimately from Proto-Uralic *ko-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-kö",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "particle",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-kö",
"5": "linguistic notation",
"6": "-kO",
"cat2": "clitics",
"cat3": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ko (front vowel harmony variant -kö, linguistic notation -kO)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"var": "kö"
},
"expansion": "-ko (front vowel harmony variant -kö, linguistic notation -kO)",
"name": "fi-clitic"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "-kin"
},
{
"word": "-kaan"
},
{
"word": "-kään"
},
{
"word": "-han"
},
{
"word": "-hän"
},
{
"english": "the same particle in words with front vowel harmony",
"word": "-kö"
},
{
"word": "-pa"
},
{
"word": "-pä"
},
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Is s/he here?",
"text": "Onko hän täällä? (on > + -ko)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Is s/he here?",
"text": "Täälläkö hän on? (täällä + -kö)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Is she coming by the ship?",
"text": "Tuleeko hän laivalla? (tulee > + -ko)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "By what, then - on the boat?",
"text": "Millä sitten - veneelläkö? (veneellä + -kö)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Does s/he see?",
"text": "Näkeekö hän? (näkee > + -kö)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Should s/he come here?",
"text": "Pitäisikö hänen tulla tänne? (pitäisi > + -kö)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turns a clause interrogative. It is appended to the element of the clause that is questioned most. English equivalents include the normal ways of forming an interrogative statement without using an interrogative pronoun, such as the verb \"do\", inversion of the word order and intonation."
],
"links": [
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative#English"
],
[
"do",
"do#English"
],
[
"inversion",
"inversion#English"
],
[
"intonation",
"intonation#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) Turns a clause interrogative. It is appended to the element of the clause that is questioned most. English equivalents include the normal ways of forming an interrogative statement without using an interrogative pronoun, such as the verb \"do\", inversion of the word order and intonation."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I don't know if she comes.",
"text": "En tiedä, tuleeko hän.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I don't know if she sees.",
"text": "En tiedä, näkeekö hän.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In indirect questions, -ko/-kö appended to the verb corresponds to the conjunctions if and whether in English."
],
"links": [
[
"if",
"if#English"
],
[
"whether",
"whether#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) In indirect questions, -ko/-kö appended to the verb corresponds to the conjunctions if and whether in English."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I wonder if he put enough clothes on this morning.",
"text": "Pukeutuikohan hän tarpeeksi lämpimästi tänä aamuna?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wonder if he went to school this morning.",
"text": "Meniköhän hän kouluun tänä aamuna?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"With the particle -han/-hän attached to the topic of discussion, it expresses \"I wonder if\"."
],
"links": [
[
"-han/-hän",
"-han#Finnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) With the particle -han/-hän attached to the topic of discussion, it expresses \"I wonder if\"."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I suppose we'll get by somehow.",
"text": "Emmeköhän me jotenkuten tule toimeen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"With the negative verb (en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät) and the particle -han/-hän, expresses \"I suppose\"."
],
"links": [
[
"negative",
"negative#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"en",
"en#Finnish"
],
[
"et",
"et#Finnish"
],
[
"ei",
"ei#Finnish"
],
[
"emme",
"emme#Finnish"
],
[
"ette",
"ette#Finnish"
],
[
"eivät",
"eivät#Finnish"
],
[
"-han/-hän",
"-han#Finnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) With the negative verb (en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät) and the particle -han/-hän, expresses \"I suppose\"."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish colloquialisms",
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When are you coming by here?",
"text": "Olikko millon tulossa käymään?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In a question with an interrogative word."
],
"links": [
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic, colloquial) In a question with an interrogative word."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "-ks"
}
],
"word": "-ko"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ko meaning in Finnish (5.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -kO",
"path": [
"-ko"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "-ko",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Finnish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.