See -ko in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-ko",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ko"
],
[
"*ko-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/ko-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ko"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ko",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ko-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ko-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-ko, probably ultimately from Proto-Uralic *ko-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-kö",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kö"
},
"expansion": "kO",
"name": "fi-affix-linguistic-notation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "particle",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-kö",
"5": "linguistic notation",
"6": "-kO",
"cat2": "clitics",
"cat3": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ko (front vowel harmony variant -kö, linguistic notation -kO)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"var": "kö"
},
"expansion": "-ko (front vowel harmony variant -kö, linguistic notation -kO)",
"name": "fi-clitic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "enclitic particle"
},
"expansion": "(enclitic particle)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-kin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-kaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-kään"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-han"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-hän"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-kö"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-pa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-pä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-s"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 25 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "Is s/he here?",
"text": "Onko hän täällä?",
"translation": "Is s/he here?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "Is s/he here? [here specifically, as opposed to somewhere else]",
"raw_tags": [
"here specifically, as opposed to somewhere else"
],
"text": "Täälläkö hän on?",
"translation": "Is s/he here? [here specifically, as opposed to somewhere else]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "Is she coming by the ship?",
"text": "Tuleeko hän laivalla?",
"translation": "Is she coming by the ship?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
25
]
],
"english": "By what, then - by boat?",
"text": "Millä sitten - veneelläkö?",
"translation": "By what, then - by boat?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "Does s/he see?",
"text": "Näkeekö hän?",
"translation": "Does s/he see?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"english": "Should s/he come here?",
"text": "Pitäisikö hänen tulla tänne?",
"translation": "Should s/he come here?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
15
],
[
16,
23
]
],
"english": "I don't know if/whether she's coming.",
"text": "En tiedä, tuleeko hän.",
"translation": "I don't know if/whether she's coming.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
15
],
[
16,
23
]
],
"english": "I don't know if/whether she sees.",
"text": "En tiedä, näkeekö hän.",
"translation": "I don't know if/whether she sees.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Makes a clause interrogative (polar question, yes–no)."
],
"id": "en--ko-fi-particle-fWh4dsh3",
"links": [
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative#English"
],
[
"polar question",
"polar question#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) Makes a clause interrogative (polar question, yes–no)."
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "-ks"
}
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 25 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"english": "(So) when are you coming by here?",
"text": "Olikko millon tulossa käymään?",
"translation": "(So) when are you coming by here?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Makes a clause interrogative (polar question, yes–no).",
"Together with an interrogative."
],
"id": "en--ko-fi-particle--93OxaSw",
"links": [
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative#English"
],
[
"polar question",
"polar question#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) Makes a clause interrogative (polar question, yes–no).",
"(enclitic, colloquial) Together with an interrogative."
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "-ks"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 25 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"english": "I wonder if he put enough clothes on this morning.",
"text": "Pukeutuikohan hän tarpeeksi lämpimästi tänä aamuna?",
"translation": "I wonder if he put enough clothes on this morning.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"english": "I wonder if he went to school this morning.",
"text": "Meniköhän hän kouluun tänä aamuna?",
"translation": "I wonder if he went to school this morning.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"When followed by the clitic -han/-hän:",
"Expresses wondering whether something is the case, generally corresponding to English I wonder if."
],
"id": "en--ko-fi-particle-kHRhgpRw",
"links": [
[
"-han/-hän",
"-han#Finnish:_clitic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) When followed by the clitic -han/-hän:",
"Expresses wondering whether something is the case, generally corresponding to English I wonder if."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 25 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"english": "I suppose we'll get by somehow.",
"text": "Emmeköhän me jotenkuten tule toimeen.",
"translation": "I suppose we'll get by somehow.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"When followed by the clitic -han/-hän:",
"With the negative verb, expresses an assumption or expectation that something will happen, corresponding to English I suppose."
],
"id": "en--ko-fi-particle-jDt4IJUK",
"links": [
[
"-han/-hän",
"-han#Finnish:_clitic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) When followed by the clitic -han/-hän:",
"With the negative verb, expresses an assumption or expectation that something will happen, corresponding to English I suppose."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
}
],
"word": "-ko"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish clitics",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish particles",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-ko",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ko"
],
[
"*ko-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/ko-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ko"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ko",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ko-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ko-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-ko, probably ultimately from Proto-Uralic *ko-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-kö",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kö"
},
"expansion": "kO",
"name": "fi-affix-linguistic-notation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "particle",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-kö",
"5": "linguistic notation",
"6": "-kO",
"cat2": "clitics",
"cat3": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ko (front vowel harmony variant -kö, linguistic notation -kO)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"var": "kö"
},
"expansion": "-ko (front vowel harmony variant -kö, linguistic notation -kO)",
"name": "fi-clitic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "enclitic particle"
},
"expansion": "(enclitic particle)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "-kin"
},
{
"word": "-kaan"
},
{
"word": "-kään"
},
{
"word": "-han"
},
{
"word": "-hän"
},
{
"word": "-kö"
},
{
"word": "-pa"
},
{
"word": "-pä"
},
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "Is s/he here?",
"text": "Onko hän täällä?",
"translation": "Is s/he here?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "Is s/he here? [here specifically, as opposed to somewhere else]",
"raw_tags": [
"here specifically, as opposed to somewhere else"
],
"text": "Täälläkö hän on?",
"translation": "Is s/he here? [here specifically, as opposed to somewhere else]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "Is she coming by the ship?",
"text": "Tuleeko hän laivalla?",
"translation": "Is she coming by the ship?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
25
]
],
"english": "By what, then - by boat?",
"text": "Millä sitten - veneelläkö?",
"translation": "By what, then - by boat?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "Does s/he see?",
"text": "Näkeekö hän?",
"translation": "Does s/he see?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"english": "Should s/he come here?",
"text": "Pitäisikö hänen tulla tänne?",
"translation": "Should s/he come here?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
15
],
[
16,
23
]
],
"english": "I don't know if/whether she's coming.",
"text": "En tiedä, tuleeko hän.",
"translation": "I don't know if/whether she's coming.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
15
],
[
16,
23
]
],
"english": "I don't know if/whether she sees.",
"text": "En tiedä, näkeekö hän.",
"translation": "I don't know if/whether she sees.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Makes a clause interrogative (polar question, yes–no)."
],
"links": [
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative#English"
],
[
"polar question",
"polar question#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) Makes a clause interrogative (polar question, yes–no)."
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "-ks"
}
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish colloquialisms",
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"english": "(So) when are you coming by here?",
"text": "Olikko millon tulossa käymään?",
"translation": "(So) when are you coming by here?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Makes a clause interrogative (polar question, yes–no).",
"Together with an interrogative."
],
"links": [
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative#English"
],
[
"polar question",
"polar question#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) Makes a clause interrogative (polar question, yes–no).",
"(enclitic, colloquial) Together with an interrogative."
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "-ks"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"english": "I wonder if he put enough clothes on this morning.",
"text": "Pukeutuikohan hän tarpeeksi lämpimästi tänä aamuna?",
"translation": "I wonder if he put enough clothes on this morning.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"english": "I wonder if he went to school this morning.",
"text": "Meniköhän hän kouluun tänä aamuna?",
"translation": "I wonder if he went to school this morning.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"When followed by the clitic -han/-hän:",
"Expresses wondering whether something is the case, generally corresponding to English I wonder if."
],
"links": [
[
"-han/-hän",
"-han#Finnish:_clitic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) When followed by the clitic -han/-hän:",
"Expresses wondering whether something is the case, generally corresponding to English I wonder if."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"english": "I suppose we'll get by somehow.",
"text": "Emmeköhän me jotenkuten tule toimeen.",
"translation": "I suppose we'll get by somehow.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"When followed by the clitic -han/-hän:",
"With the negative verb, expresses an assumption or expectation that something will happen, corresponding to English I suppose."
],
"links": [
[
"-han/-hän",
"-han#Finnish:_clitic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(enclitic) When followed by the clitic -han/-hän:",
"With the negative verb, expresses an assumption or expectation that something will happen, corresponding to English I suppose."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
}
],
"word": "-ko"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ko meaning in Finnish (6.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -kO",
"path": [
"-ko"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "-ko",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Finnish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.