See withstand in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dielectric withstand test"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "withstander"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "withstanden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English withstanden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wiþstandan"
},
"expansion": "Old English wiþstandan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wiþistandan",
"t": "to withstand, resist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wiþistandan (“to withstand, resist”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "with",
"3": "stand",
"t1": "against"
},
"expansion": "with- (“against”) + stand",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "withstanda",
"t": "to resist"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian withstanda (“to resist”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "weerstaan",
"t": "to withstand, repel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch weerstaan (“to withstand, repel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "widerstehen",
"t": "to withstand, resist, defy"
},
"expansion": "German widerstehen (“to withstand, resist, defy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English withstanden, from Old English wiþstandan, from Proto-West Germanic *wiþistandan (“to withstand, resist”), equivalent to with- (“against”) + stand. Cognate with Old Frisian withstanda (“to resist”). Compare also Dutch weerstaan (“to withstand, repel”), German widerstehen (“to withstand, resist, defy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "withstands",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "withstanding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "withstood",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "withstood",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "withstands",
"2": "withstanding",
"3": "withstood"
},
"expansion": "withstand (third-person singular simple present withstands, present participle withstanding, simple past and past participle withstood)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"with‧stand"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "notwithstanding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "withstanding"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 65:",
"text": "Tests showed that a tin ceiling could withstand a temperature of 1,369° for an hour and 10 minutes, whereas plaster collapsed in 12 minutes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014 October 26, Jeff Howell, “Is the Japanese knotweed threat exaggerated? Our troubleshooter calls for calm about Japanese knotweed in the garden – and moss on the roof [print version: Don't panic about an overhyped invasion, 25 October 2014, p. P13]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Property):",
"text": "Some old, underfired clay pantiles might be damaged by button mosses rooting in cracks and fissures. But most post-war tiles are hard enough to withstand a bit of moss growth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To resist or endure (something) successfully."
],
"id": "en-withstand-en-verb-TRShLREg",
"links": [
[
"resist",
"resist"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
],
[
"successfully",
"successfully"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To resist or endure (something) successfully."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qāwama",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "قَاوَمَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "dimanal",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "դիմանալ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tokal",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "տոկալ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdǎržam",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "издържам"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ustojavam",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "устоявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǐkàng",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "抵抗"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎnkàng",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "反抗"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "抵禦"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǐyù",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "抵御"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "weerstaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "rezisti"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "kestää"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "résister"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "resistir"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "widerstehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "antécho",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "αντέχω"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "ellenáll"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "resistere"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"alt": "ていこうする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "teikō suru",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "抵抗する"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"alt": "はんこうする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hankō suru",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "反抗する"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"alt": "たえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "taeru",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "耐える"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"alt": "たえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "taeru",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "堪える"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"alt": "げきたいする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gekitai suru",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "撃退する"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tuptŭəl",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "ទប់ទល់"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "matseoda",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "맞서다"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "beotida",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "버티다"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "atlaikyti"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "atsilaikyti"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "whakawhena"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "ātete"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "wiþstandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "osx",
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "widarstandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "osx",
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "witharstandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to resist",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wytrzymywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to resist",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wytrzymać"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "aguentar"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soprotivljátʹsja",
"sense": "to resist",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сопротивля́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protivostojátʹ",
"sense": "to resist",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "противостоя́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protívitʹsja",
"sense": "to resist",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "проти́виться"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výstojatʹ",
"sense": "to resist",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́стоять"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "cum ri"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "aguantar"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dtɔ̀ɔ-dtâan",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "ต่อต้าน"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dtâan-taan",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "ต้านทาน"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "chống chọi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
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"name": "English terms prefixed with with-",
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{
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{
"_dis": "19 81",
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},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
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},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"To oppose (something) forcefully."
],
"id": "en-withstand-en-verb-3368~ATz",
"links": [
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"forcefully",
"forcefully"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protivostoja",
"sense": "to oppose",
"word": "противостоя"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to oppose",
"word": "vastustaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to oppose",
"word": "fronteggiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soprotivljátʹsja",
"sense": "to oppose",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сопротивля́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protivostojátʹ",
"sense": "to oppose",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "противостоя́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to oppose",
"word": "karşı koymak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɪðˈstænd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wɪθˈstænd/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-withstand.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/En-us-withstand.ogg/En-us-withstand.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/En-us-withstand.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ænd"
}
],
"word": "withstand"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
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"Requests for review of German translations",
"Rhymes:English/ænd",
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dielectric withstand test"
},
{
"word": "withstander"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "withstanden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English withstanden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wiþstandan"
},
"expansion": "Old English wiþstandan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wiþistandan",
"t": "to withstand, resist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wiþistandan (“to withstand, resist”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "with",
"3": "stand",
"t1": "against"
},
"expansion": "with- (“against”) + stand",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "withstanda",
"t": "to resist"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian withstanda (“to resist”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "weerstaan",
"t": "to withstand, repel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch weerstaan (“to withstand, repel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "widerstehen",
"t": "to withstand, resist, defy"
},
"expansion": "German widerstehen (“to withstand, resist, defy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English withstanden, from Old English wiþstandan, from Proto-West Germanic *wiþistandan (“to withstand, resist”), equivalent to with- (“against”) + stand. Cognate with Old Frisian withstanda (“to resist”). Compare also Dutch weerstaan (“to withstand, repel”), German widerstehen (“to withstand, resist, defy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "withstands",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "withstanding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "withstood",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "withstood",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "withstands",
"2": "withstanding",
"3": "withstood"
},
"expansion": "withstand (third-person singular simple present withstands, present participle withstanding, simple past and past participle withstood)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"with‧stand"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "notwithstanding"
},
{
"word": "withstanding"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 65:",
"text": "Tests showed that a tin ceiling could withstand a temperature of 1,369° for an hour and 10 minutes, whereas plaster collapsed in 12 minutes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014 October 26, Jeff Howell, “Is the Japanese knotweed threat exaggerated? Our troubleshooter calls for calm about Japanese knotweed in the garden – and moss on the roof [print version: Don't panic about an overhyped invasion, 25 October 2014, p. P13]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Property):",
"text": "Some old, underfired clay pantiles might be damaged by button mosses rooting in cracks and fissures. But most post-war tiles are hard enough to withstand a bit of moss growth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To resist or endure (something) successfully."
],
"links": [
[
"resist",
"resist"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
],
[
"successfully",
"successfully"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To resist or endure (something) successfully."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To oppose (something) forcefully."
],
"links": [
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"forcefully",
"forcefully"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɪðˈstænd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wɪθˈstænd/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-withstand.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/En-us-withstand.ogg/En-us-withstand.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/En-us-withstand.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ænd"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qāwama",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "قَاوَمَ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "dimanal",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "դիմանալ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tokal",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "տոկալ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdǎržam",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "издържам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ustojavam",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "устоявам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǐkàng",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "抵抗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎnkàng",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "反抗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "抵禦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǐyù",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "抵御"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "weerstaan"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "rezisti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "kestää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "résister"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "resistir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "widerstehen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "antécho",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "αντέχω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "ellenáll"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "resistere"
},
{
"alt": "ていこうする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "teikō suru",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "抵抗する"
},
{
"alt": "はんこうする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hankō suru",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "反抗する"
},
{
"alt": "たえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "taeru",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "耐える"
},
{
"alt": "たえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "taeru",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "堪える"
},
{
"alt": "げきたいする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gekitai suru",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "撃退する"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tuptŭəl",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "ទប់ទល់"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "matseoda",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "맞서다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "beotida",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "버티다"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "atlaikyti"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "atsilaikyti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "whakawhena"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "ātete"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "wiþstandan"
},
{
"code": "osx",
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "widarstandan"
},
{
"code": "osx",
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "witharstandan"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to resist",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wytrzymywać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to resist",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wytrzymać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "aguentar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soprotivljátʹsja",
"sense": "to resist",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сопротивля́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protivostojátʹ",
"sense": "to resist",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "противостоя́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protívitʹsja",
"sense": "to resist",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "проти́виться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výstojatʹ",
"sense": "to resist",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́стоять"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "cum ri"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "aguantar"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dtɔ̀ɔ-dtâan",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "ต่อต้าน"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dtâan-taan",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "ต้านทาน"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to resist",
"word": "chống chọi"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protivostoja",
"sense": "to oppose",
"word": "противостоя"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to oppose",
"word": "vastustaa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to oppose",
"word": "fronteggiare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soprotivljátʹsja",
"sense": "to oppose",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сопротивля́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protivostojátʹ",
"sense": "to oppose",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "противостоя́ть"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to oppose",
"word": "karşı koymak"
}
],
"word": "withstand"
}
Download raw JSONL data for withstand meaning in English (10.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.