See um in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Um, I don’t know.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Let’s see... um... how about this?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Newsweek, volume 140, page lxxx:",
"text": "It's a great test of the claims of open-source gurus, who say that a self-motivated community can outcode any team working for a single employer—like, um, Microsoft.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expression of hesitation, uncertainty or space filler in conversation."
],
"id": "en-um-en-intj-e4Y3sH5Z",
"links": [
[
"Expression",
"expression#English"
],
[
"hesitation",
"hesitation#English"
],
[
"uncertainty",
"uncertainty#English"
],
[
"filler",
"filler#English"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "er"
},
{
"word": "hmm"
},
{
"word": "uh"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 46 21 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1963, Kurt Vonnegut, Cat's Cradle, Dell Publishing Co., Inc., page 65:",
"text": "\"About the same, wherever you go,\" he agreed.\n\"Um,\" I said.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dated spelling of mmm."
],
"id": "en-um-en-intj-pUT~AccZ",
"links": [
[
"mmm",
"mmm#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly US) Dated spelling of mmm."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Um, excuse me!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An expression to forcefully call attention to something wrong."
],
"id": "en-um-en-intj-AgpmriSr",
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) An expression to forcefully call attention to something wrong."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Kimberly Willis Holt, Piper Reed, Clubhouse Queen:",
"text": "While I was in her room, Sam walked by and said, “Um, I'm telling!”\n“You're telling what?” I asked.\n“You're reading Tori's journal,” she said.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021, Sarah Strangeways, The Gingerbread House, page 13:",
"text": "Mair used to look after Laura. If anyone threatened to tease her, Mair would stand up straight, point her finger at the enemy and shout, 'Um! I'm telling on you!'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An expression of shocked disapproval used by a child who witnesses forbidden behavior."
],
"id": "en-um-en-intj-9YCIVzkz",
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, childish) An expression of shocked disapproval used by a child who witnesses forbidden behavior."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"childish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/əːm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-um.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/En-us-um.ogg/En-us-um.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/En-us-um.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm (when stressed, or as a verb)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "umm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "uhm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "erm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Speech disfluency"
],
"word": "um"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "umming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "um (third-person singular simple present ums, present participle umming, simple past and past participle ummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Michael Erard, Um... Slips, Stumbles, and Verbal Blunders, and What They Mean, page 136:",
"text": "Meanwhile, in the popular mind umming was simply a bad habit, akin to spitting or picking one’s nose.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make the um sound to express uncertainty or hesitancy."
],
"id": "en-um-en-verb-timGG~Cc",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make the um sound to express uncertainty or hesitancy."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/əːm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-um.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/En-us-um.ogg/En-us-um.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/En-us-um.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm (when stressed, or as a verb)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "umm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "uhm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "erm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Speech disfluency"
],
"word": "um"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "um"
},
"expansion": "Middle English um",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "um"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse um",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*umbi",
"t": "around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂m̥bʰi",
"t": "round about, around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ymbe",
"t": "around"
},
"expansion": "Old English ymbe (“around”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "om",
"3": "",
"4": "around"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian om (“around”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "om",
"3": "",
"4": "around"
},
"expansion": "Dutch om (“around”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "um",
"3": "",
"4": "around"
},
"expansion": "German um (“around”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English um, from Old Norse um, umb (“around, about”), from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”). Cognate with Old English ymbe (“around”), West Frisian om (“around”), Dutch om (“around”), German um (“around”). More at umbe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prepositions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "en-prep"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "umbe"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of umbe"
],
"id": "en-um-en-prep-VInQEQmo",
"links": [
[
"umbe",
"umbe#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "umb"
},
{
"word": "umbe"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Speech disfluency"
],
"word": "um"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "particle",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "en-part"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 7 10 5 48 10 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English filled pauses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 13 7 49 13 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 10 6 55 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He um Growling Bear. He um heap big chief.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1871, “Grand camp meeting on Bear River”, in The Keepapitchinin, volume III, page 3:",
"text": "“me heap brave—me talk to um white man so[…] me good injun, like um white man, mebbe so, ugh!”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An undifferentiated determiner or article; a miscellaneous linking word, or filler with nonspecific meaning; representation of broken English stereotypically or comically attributed to Native Americans."
],
"id": "en-um-en-particle-bnAmDrsU",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, sometimes humorous, often offensive) An undifferentiated determiner or article; a miscellaneous linking word, or filler with nonspecific meaning; representation of broken English stereotypically or comically attributed to Native Americans."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "um-hum"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"humorous",
"offensive",
"often",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Speech disfluency"
],
"word": "um"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English filled pauses",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English particles",
"English two-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Um, I don’t know.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Let’s see... um... how about this?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Newsweek, volume 140, page lxxx:",
"text": "It's a great test of the claims of open-source gurus, who say that a self-motivated community can outcode any team working for a single employer—like, um, Microsoft.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expression of hesitation, uncertainty or space filler in conversation."
],
"links": [
[
"Expression",
"expression#English"
],
[
"hesitation",
"hesitation#English"
],
[
"uncertainty",
"uncertainty#English"
],
[
"filler",
"filler#English"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "er"
},
{
"word": "hmm"
},
{
"word": "uh"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English dated forms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1963, Kurt Vonnegut, Cat's Cradle, Dell Publishing Co., Inc., page 65:",
"text": "\"About the same, wherever you go,\" he agreed.\n\"Um,\" I said.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dated spelling of mmm."
],
"links": [
[
"mmm",
"mmm#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly US) Dated spelling of mmm."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Um, excuse me!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An expression to forcefully call attention to something wrong."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) An expression to forcefully call attention to something wrong."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English childish terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Kimberly Willis Holt, Piper Reed, Clubhouse Queen:",
"text": "While I was in her room, Sam walked by and said, “Um, I'm telling!”\n“You're telling what?” I asked.\n“You're reading Tori's journal,” she said.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021, Sarah Strangeways, The Gingerbread House, page 13:",
"text": "Mair used to look after Laura. If anyone threatened to tease her, Mair would stand up straight, point her finger at the enemy and shout, 'Um! I'm telling on you!'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An expression of shocked disapproval used by a child who witnesses forbidden behavior."
],
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, childish) An expression of shocked disapproval used by a child who witnesses forbidden behavior."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"childish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/əːm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-um.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/En-us-um.ogg/En-us-um.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/En-us-um.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm (when stressed, or as a verb)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "umm"
},
{
"word": "uhm"
},
{
"word": "hum"
},
{
"word": "erm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Speech disfluency"
],
"word": "um"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English filled pauses",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English particles",
"English two-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "umming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "um (third-person singular simple present ums, present participle umming, simple past and past participle ummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Michael Erard, Um... Slips, Stumbles, and Verbal Blunders, and What They Mean, page 136:",
"text": "Meanwhile, in the popular mind umming was simply a bad habit, akin to spitting or picking one’s nose.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make the um sound to express uncertainty or hesitancy."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make the um sound to express uncertainty or hesitancy."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/əːm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-um.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/En-us-um.ogg/En-us-um.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/En-us-um.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm (when stressed, or as a verb)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "umm"
},
{
"word": "uhm"
},
{
"word": "hum"
},
{
"word": "erm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Speech disfluency"
],
"word": "um"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English filled pauses",
"English lemmas",
"English particles",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English two-letter words",
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "um"
},
"expansion": "Middle English um",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "um"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse um",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*umbi",
"t": "around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂m̥bʰi",
"t": "round about, around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ymbe",
"t": "around"
},
"expansion": "Old English ymbe (“around”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "om",
"3": "",
"4": "around"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian om (“around”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "om",
"3": "",
"4": "around"
},
"expansion": "Dutch om (“around”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "um",
"3": "",
"4": "around"
},
"expansion": "German um (“around”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English um, from Old Norse um, umb (“around, about”), from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”). Cognate with Old English ymbe (“around”), West Frisian om (“around”), Dutch om (“around”), German um (“around”). More at umbe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prepositions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "en-prep"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "umbe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of umbe"
],
"links": [
[
"umbe",
"umbe#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "umb"
},
{
"word": "umbe"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Speech disfluency"
],
"word": "um"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English filled pauses",
"English lemmas",
"English particles",
"English two-letter words",
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "particle",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "en-part"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "um-hum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English humorous terms",
"English offensive terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He um Growling Bear. He um heap big chief.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1871, “Grand camp meeting on Bear River”, in The Keepapitchinin, volume III, page 3:",
"text": "“me heap brave—me talk to um white man so[…] me good injun, like um white man, mebbe so, ugh!”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An undifferentiated determiner or article; a miscellaneous linking word, or filler with nonspecific meaning; representation of broken English stereotypically or comically attributed to Native Americans."
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, sometimes humorous, often offensive) An undifferentiated determiner or article; a miscellaneous linking word, or filler with nonspecific meaning; representation of broken English stereotypically or comically attributed to Native Americans."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"humorous",
"offensive",
"often",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Speech disfluency"
],
"word": "um"
}
Download raw JSONL data for um meaning in English (9.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.