"shoal" meaning in English

See shoal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ʃəʊl/ [UK] Audio: en-us-shoal.ogg [US] Forms: shoaler [comparative], shoalest [superlative]
Rhymes: -əʊl Etymology: From Middle English schold, scholde, from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*(s)kelh₁-}}, {{inh|en|enm|schold}} Middle English schold, {{m|enm|scholde}} scholde, {{inh|en|ang|sċeald||shallow}} Old English sċeald (“shallow”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*skalidaz}} Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, {{m|gem-pro|*skaljaną||to go dry, dry up, become shallow}} *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), {{m|gem-pro|*skalaz||parched, shallow}} *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*(s)kelh₁-||to dry out}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”), {{cog|nds|Scholl||shallow water}} Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), {{cog|de|schal||stale, flat, vapid}} German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”), {{m|en|shallow}} shallow, {{wp}} Head templates: {{en-adj|er}} shoal (comparative shoaler, superlative shoalest)
  1. (now rare) Shallow. Tags: archaic Categories (place): Landforms
    Sense id: en-shoal-en-adj-I~VGrc6X Disambiguation of Landforms: 22 9 19 5 15 5 18 4 2 Categories (other): English terms with collocations, English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 23 9 19 7 13 4 18 5 1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: sheld [dialectal], shole, shoald, shold [dialectal], shaul, shawl, shauld, schald, shaud, shawd [Scotland]
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ʃəʊl/ [UK] Audio: en-us-shoal.ogg [US] Forms: shoals [plural]
Rhymes: -əʊl Etymology: From Middle English schold, scholde, from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*(s)kelh₁-}}, {{inh|en|enm|schold}} Middle English schold, {{m|enm|scholde}} scholde, {{inh|en|ang|sċeald||shallow}} Old English sċeald (“shallow”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*skalidaz}} Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, {{m|gem-pro|*skaljaną||to go dry, dry up, become shallow}} *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), {{m|gem-pro|*skalaz||parched, shallow}} *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*(s)kelh₁-||to dry out}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”), {{cog|nds|Scholl||shallow water}} Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), {{cog|de|schal||stale, flat, vapid}} German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”), {{m|en|shallow}} shallow, {{wp}} Head templates: {{en-noun}} shoal (plural shoals)
  1. A sandbank or sandbar creating a shallow. Synonyms: bank, bar Synonyms (sandbank): sandbar, sandbank Translations (sandbank): банка (banka) [feminine] (Bulgarian), 淺灘 (Chinese Mandarin), 浅滩 (qiǎntān) (Chinese Mandarin), mělčina [feminine] (Czech), revle (Danish), zandbank [common-gender] (Dutch), sablejo (Esperanto), sablobenko (Esperanto), särkkä (Finnish), banc de sable (French), barra [feminine] (Galician), banco de area [masculine] (Galician), restinga [feminine] (Galician), taro [masculine] (Galician), sirte [masculine] (Galician), brica [feminine] (Galician), Sandbank [feminine] (German), ρηχά (richá) [neuter, plural] (Greek), ύφαλος (ýfalos) [masculine] (Greek), zátony (Hungarian), turzás (Hungarian), ubòm (Igbo), scairbh [feminine] (Irish), oitir [feminine] (Irish), secca [feminine] (Italian), banco di sabbia [masculine] (Italian), 浅瀬 (asase) (alt: あさせ) (Japanese), 사주 (saju) (alt: 砂洲) (Korean), 모래톱 (moraetop) (Korean), плитак (plitak) [masculine] (Macedonian), tāhuna (Maori), tārake (english: exposed at low tide) (Maori), matatāhuna (Maori), sandbanke [masculine] (Norwegian), سنار (sanâr) (Persian), banco de areia (Portuguese), мелково́дье (melkovódʹje) [neuter] (Russian), о́тмель (ótmelʹ) [feminine] (Russian), ба́нка (bánka) [feminine] (Russian), мель (melʹ) [feminine] (Russian), oitir [feminine] (Scottish Gaelic), пличина [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), pličina [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), bajío [masculine] (Spanish), bajo [masculine] (Spanish), banco de arena (Spanish), sandbank [common-gender] (Swedish), batuharang (Tagalog)
    Sense id: en-shoal-en-noun-fWhTI9am Disambiguation of 'sandbank': 69 31 Disambiguation of 'sandbank': 69 31
  2. A shallow in a body of water. Categories (place): Landforms
    Sense id: en-shoal-en-noun-Y4GqIyjW Disambiguation of Landforms: 22 9 19 5 15 5 18 4 2 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 23 9 19 7 13 4 18 5 1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: sheld [dialectal], shole, shoald, shold [dialectal], shaul, shawl, shauld, schald, shaud, shawd [Scotland] Derived forms: Shoal Harbour Translations (a shallow): τέναγος (ténagos) [neuter] (Ancient Greek), плитчина (plitčina) [feminine] (Bulgarian), matalikko (Finnish), Gelungg [Alemannic-German] (German), pāti (Maori)
Etymology number: 1 Disambiguation of 'a shallow': 53 47

Noun

IPA: /ʃəʊl/ [UK] Audio: en-us-shoal.ogg [US] Forms: shoals [plural]
Rhymes: -əʊl Etymology: 1570, presumably from Middle English *schole (“school of fish”), from Old English sċeolu, sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”). Cognate with West Frisian skoal (“shoal”), Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”), Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”). Doublet of school. Etymology templates: {{cog|enm|*schole||school of fish}} Middle English *schole (“school of fish”), {{inh|en|ang|sċeolu}} Old English sċeolu, {{m|ang|sċolu||troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish}} sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*skolu}} Proto-West Germanic *skolu, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*skulō||crowd}} Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*(s)kelH-|t=to divide, split, separate}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”), {{cog|fy|skoal||shoal}} West Frisian skoal (“shoal”), {{cog|gml|schōle||multitude, troop}} Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”), {{cog|nl|school||shoal of fishes}} Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”), {{m|en|school|id=group-of-fish}} school Head templates: {{en-noun}} shoal (plural shoals)
  1. Any large number of persons or things.
    Sense id: en-shoal-en-noun-VvOIKy-U
  2. (collective) A large number of fish (or other sea creatures) of the same species swimming together. Tags: collective Categories (place): Landforms
    Sense id: en-shoal-en-noun-nwG1uIKQ Disambiguation of Landforms: 22 9 19 5 15 5 18 4 2 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 23 9 19 7 13 4 18 5 1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: school [fish, ichthyology, zoology, biology, natural-sciences]
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: /ʃəʊl/ [UK] Audio: en-us-shoal.ogg [US] Forms: shoals [present, singular, third-person], shoaling [participle, present], shoaled [participle, past], shoaled [past]
Rhymes: -əʊl Etymology: From Middle English schold, scholde, from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*(s)kelh₁-}}, {{inh|en|enm|schold}} Middle English schold, {{m|enm|scholde}} scholde, {{inh|en|ang|sċeald||shallow}} Old English sċeald (“shallow”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*skalidaz}} Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, {{m|gem-pro|*skaljaną||to go dry, dry up, become shallow}} *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), {{m|gem-pro|*skalaz||parched, shallow}} *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*(s)kelh₁-||to dry out}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”), {{cog|nds|Scholl||shallow water}} Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), {{cog|de|schal||stale, flat, vapid}} German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”), {{m|en|shallow}} shallow, {{wp}} Head templates: {{en-verb}} shoal (third-person singular simple present shoals, present participle shoaling, simple past and past participle shoaled)
  1. To arrive at a shallow (or less deep) area.
    Sense id: en-shoal-en-verb-1nPMzhvd
  2. (transitive) To cause a shallowing; to come to a more shallow part of. Tags: transitive Categories (place): Landforms
    Sense id: en-shoal-en-verb-ymm4cBE6 Disambiguation of Landforms: 22 9 19 5 15 5 18 4 2 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 23 9 19 7 13 4 18 5 1
  3. To become shallow.
    Sense id: en-shoal-en-verb-T7YqxFO0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: sheld [dialectal], shole, shoald, shold [dialectal], shaul, shawl, shauld, schald, shaud, shawd [Scotland]
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /ʃəʊl/ [UK] Audio: en-us-shoal.ogg [US] Forms: shoals [present, singular, third-person], shoaling [participle, present], shoaled [participle, past], shoaled [past]
Rhymes: -əʊl Etymology: 1570, presumably from Middle English *schole (“school of fish”), from Old English sċeolu, sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”). Cognate with West Frisian skoal (“shoal”), Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”), Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”). Doublet of school. Etymology templates: {{cog|enm|*schole||school of fish}} Middle English *schole (“school of fish”), {{inh|en|ang|sċeolu}} Old English sċeolu, {{m|ang|sċolu||troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish}} sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*skolu}} Proto-West Germanic *skolu, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*skulō||crowd}} Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*(s)kelH-|t=to divide, split, separate}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”), {{cog|fy|skoal||shoal}} West Frisian skoal (“shoal”), {{cog|gml|schōle||multitude, troop}} Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”), {{cog|nl|school||shoal of fishes}} Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”), {{m|en|school|id=group-of-fish}} school Head templates: {{en-verb}} shoal (third-person singular simple present shoals, present participle shoaling, simple past and past participle shoaled)
  1. To collect in a shoal; to throng.
    Sense id: en-shoal-en-verb-nfucBtk6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for shoal meaning in English (25.6kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelh₁-"
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      "args": {
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      "expansion": "Middle English schold",
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        "3": "sċeald",
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      "name": "inh"
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    {
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    {
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        "3": "",
        "4": "to go dry, dry up, become shallow"
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      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skalaz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "parched, shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "*skalaz (“parched, shallow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelh₁-",
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        "5": "to dry out"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
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        "3": "",
        "4": "shallow water"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Scholl (“shallow water”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "schal",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stale, flat, vapid"
      },
      "expansion": "German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "shallow",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English schold, scholde, from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "shoaler",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoalest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "shoal (comparative shoaler, superlative shoalest)",
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  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
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          "_dis": "23 9 19 7 13 4 18 5 1",
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          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 9 19 5 15 5 18 4 2",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "en:Landforms",
          "parents": [
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            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "shoal water"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, III.19",
          "text": "But that part of the coast being shoal and bare, / And rough with reefs which ran out many a mile, / His port lay on the other side o' the isle.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island",
          "text": "All told, we had scarce two miles to run; but the navigation was delicate, the entrance to this northern anchorage was not only narrow and shoal, but lay east and west, so that the schooner must be nicely handled to be got in.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Shallow."
      ],
      "id": "en-shoal-en-adj-I~VGrc6X",
      "links": [
        [
          "Shallow",
          "shallow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(now rare) Shallow."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəʊl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-shoal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg/En-us-shoal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
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      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "sheld"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shole"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shoald"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "shold"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shaul"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shawl"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shauld"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "schald"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shaud"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ],
      "word": "shawd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shoal"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Shoal Harbour"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "ine-pro",
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      "expansion": "",
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      "args": {
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      "expansion": "Middle English schold",
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      "expansion": "scholde",
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
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        "3": "sċeald",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shallow"
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      "expansion": "Old English sċeald (“shallow”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skalidaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skalidaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skaljaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to go dry, dry up, become shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "*skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skalaz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "parched, shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "*skalaz (“parched, shallow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelh₁-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dry out"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Scholl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shallow water"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Scholl (“shallow water”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "schal",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stale, flat, vapid"
      },
      "expansion": "German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "shallow",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English schold, scholde, from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "shoals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "shoal (plural shoals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sandbank or sandbar creating a shallow."
      ],
      "id": "en-shoal-en-noun-fWhTI9am",
      "links": [
        [
          "sandbank",
          "sandbank"
        ],
        [
          "sandbar",
          "sandbar"
        ],
        [
          "shallow",
          "shallow#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bank"
        },
        {
          "word": "bar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "sandbar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "sandbank"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "banka",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "банка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "淺灘"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "qiǎntān",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "浅滩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mělčina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "revle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "zandbank"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "sablejo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "sablobenko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "särkkä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "banc de sable"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "barra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "banco de area"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "restinga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "taro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sirte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "brica"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Sandbank"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "richá",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "neuter",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "ρηχά"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ýfalos",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ύφαλος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "zátony"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "turzás"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "ig",
          "lang": "Igbo",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "ubòm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "scairbh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "oitir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "secca"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "banco di sabbia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "alt": "あさせ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "asase",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "浅瀬"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "alt": "砂洲",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "saju",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "사주"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "moraetop",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "모래톱"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "plitak",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "плитак"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "tāhuna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "mi",
          "english": "exposed at low tide",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "tārake"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "matatāhuna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sandbanke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "sanâr",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "سنار"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "banco de areia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "melkovódʹje",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "мелково́дье"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ótmelʹ",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "о́тмель"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "bánka",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ба́нка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "melʹ",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "мель"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "oitir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "пличина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pličina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bajío"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bajo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "banco de arena"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "sandbank"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "69 31",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "sandbank",
          "word": "batuharang"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 9 19 7 13 4 18 5 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 9 19 5 15 5 18 4 2",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "en:Landforms",
          "parents": [
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A shallow in a body of water."
      ],
      "id": "en-shoal-en-noun-Y4GqIyjW",
      "links": [
        [
          "shallow",
          "shallow#Noun"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəʊl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-shoal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg/En-us-shoal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "sheld"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shole"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shoald"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "shold"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shaul"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shawl"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shauld"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "schald"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shaud"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ],
      "word": "shawd"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "53 47",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "plitčina",
      "sense": "a shallow",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "плитчина"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "53 47",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a shallow",
      "word": "matalikko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "53 47",
      "code": "gsw",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a shallow",
      "tags": [
        "Alemannic-German"
      ],
      "word": "Gelungg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "53 47",
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "ténagos",
      "sense": "a shallow",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "τέναγος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "53 47",
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "a shallow",
      "word": "pāti"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shoal"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "schold"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English schold",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "scholde"
      },
      "expansion": "scholde",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċeald",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċeald (“shallow”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skalidaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skalidaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skaljaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to go dry, dry up, become shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "*skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skalaz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "parched, shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "*skalaz (“parched, shallow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelh₁-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dry out"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Scholl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shallow water"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Scholl (“shallow water”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "schal",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stale, flat, vapid"
      },
      "expansion": "German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "shallow",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English schold, scholde, from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "shoals",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoaling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoaled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoaled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "shoal (third-person singular simple present shoals, present participle shoaling, simple past and past participle shoaled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To arrive at a shallow (or less deep) area."
      ],
      "id": "en-shoal-en-verb-1nPMzhvd",
      "links": [
        [
          "shallow",
          "shallow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 9 19 7 13 4 18 5 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 9 19 5 15 5 18 4 2",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "en:Landforms",
          "parents": [
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1859, Matthew Fontaine Maury, Explanations and Sailing Directions to Accompany the Wind and Current Charts",
          "text": "Noting the rate at which she shoals her water -[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause a shallowing; to come to a more shallow part of."
      ],
      "id": "en-shoal-en-verb-ymm4cBE6",
      "links": [
        [
          "shallowing",
          "shallowing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause a shallowing; to come to a more shallow part of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The colour of the water shows where it shoals.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become shallow."
      ],
      "id": "en-shoal-en-verb-T7YqxFO0"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəʊl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-shoal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg/En-us-shoal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "sheld"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shole"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shoald"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "shold"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shaul"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shawl"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shauld"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "schald"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "shaud"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ],
      "word": "shawd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shoal"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "*schole",
        "3": "",
        "4": "school of fish"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English *schole (“school of fish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċeolu"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċeolu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sċolu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish"
      },
      "expansion": "sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*skolu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skolu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skulō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelH-",
        "t": "to divide, split, separate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "skoal",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shoal"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian skoal (“shoal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "schōle",
        "3": "",
        "4": "multitude, troop"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "school",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shoal of fishes"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "school",
        "id": "group-of-fish"
      },
      "expansion": "school",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "1570, presumably from Middle English *schole (“school of fish”), from Old English sċeolu, sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”).\nCognate with West Frisian skoal (“shoal”), Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”), Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”). Doublet of school.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "shoals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "shoal (plural shoals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any large number of persons or things."
      ],
      "id": "en-shoal-en-noun-VvOIKy-U"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 9 19 7 13 4 18 5 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 9 19 5 15 5 18 4 2",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "en:Landforms",
          "parents": [
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "c. 1661, Edmund Waller, On St. James's Park\nBeneath, a shoal of silver fishes glides."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick",
          "text": "He came directly from the shoal which we had just before entered, and in which we had struck three of his companions, as if fired with revenge for their sufferings.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A large number of fish (or other sea creatures) of the same species swimming together."
      ],
      "id": "en-shoal-en-noun-nwG1uIKQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "fish",
          "fish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collective) A large number of fish (or other sea creatures) of the same species swimming together."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəʊl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-shoal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg/En-us-shoal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "topics": [
        "fish",
        "ichthyology",
        "zoology",
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "word": "school"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shoal"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "*schole",
        "3": "",
        "4": "school of fish"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English *schole (“school of fish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċeolu"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċeolu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sċolu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish"
      },
      "expansion": "sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*skolu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skolu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skulō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelH-",
        "t": "to divide, split, separate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "skoal",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shoal"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian skoal (“shoal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "schōle",
        "3": "",
        "4": "multitude, troop"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "school",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shoal of fishes"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "school",
        "id": "group-of-fish"
      },
      "expansion": "school",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "1570, presumably from Middle English *schole (“school of fish”), from Old English sċeolu, sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”).\nCognate with West Frisian skoal (“shoal”), Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”), Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”). Doublet of school.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "shoals",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoaling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoaled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoaled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "shoal (third-person singular simple present shoals, present participle shoaling, simple past and past participle shoaled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The fish shoaled about the place."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To collect in a shoal; to throng."
      ],
      "id": "en-shoal-en-verb-nfucBtk6",
      "links": [
        [
          "collect",
          "collect"
        ],
        [
          "throng",
          "throng"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəʊl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-shoal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg/En-us-shoal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shoal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kelh₁-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊl",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊl/1 syllable",
    "en:Landforms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "schold"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English schold",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "scholde"
      },
      "expansion": "scholde",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċeald",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċeald (“shallow”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skalidaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skalidaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skaljaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to go dry, dry up, become shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "*skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skalaz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "parched, shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "*skalaz (“parched, shallow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelh₁-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dry out"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Scholl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shallow water"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Scholl (“shallow water”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "schal",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stale, flat, vapid"
      },
      "expansion": "German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "shallow",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English schold, scholde, from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "shoaler",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoalest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "shoal (comparative shoaler, superlative shoalest)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with collocations",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with rare senses",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "shoal water"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, III.19",
          "text": "But that part of the coast being shoal and bare, / And rough with reefs which ran out many a mile, / His port lay on the other side o' the isle.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island",
          "text": "All told, we had scarce two miles to run; but the navigation was delicate, the entrance to this northern anchorage was not only narrow and shoal, but lay east and west, so that the schooner must be nicely handled to be got in.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Shallow."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Shallow",
          "shallow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(now rare) Shallow."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəʊl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-shoal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg/En-us-shoal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "sheld"
    },
    {
      "word": "shole"
    },
    {
      "word": "shoald"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "shold"
    },
    {
      "word": "shaul"
    },
    {
      "word": "shawl"
    },
    {
      "word": "shauld"
    },
    {
      "word": "schald"
    },
    {
      "word": "shaud"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ],
      "word": "shawd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shoal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kelh₁-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊl",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊl/1 syllable",
    "en:Landforms"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Shoal Harbour"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "schold"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English schold",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "scholde"
      },
      "expansion": "scholde",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċeald",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċeald (“shallow”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skalidaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skalidaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skaljaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to go dry, dry up, become shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "*skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skalaz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "parched, shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "*skalaz (“parched, shallow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelh₁-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dry out"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Scholl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shallow water"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Scholl (“shallow water”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "schal",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stale, flat, vapid"
      },
      "expansion": "German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "shallow",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English schold, scholde, from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "shoals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "shoal (plural shoals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sandbank or sandbar creating a shallow."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sandbank",
          "sandbank"
        ],
        [
          "sandbar",
          "sandbar"
        ],
        [
          "shallow",
          "shallow#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bank"
        },
        {
          "word": "bar"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A shallow in a body of water."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shallow",
          "shallow#Noun"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəʊl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-shoal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg/En-us-shoal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "sandbar"
    },
    {
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "sandbank"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "sheld"
    },
    {
      "word": "shole"
    },
    {
      "word": "shoald"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "shold"
    },
    {
      "word": "shaul"
    },
    {
      "word": "shawl"
    },
    {
      "word": "shauld"
    },
    {
      "word": "schald"
    },
    {
      "word": "shaud"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ],
      "word": "shawd"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "banka",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "банка"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "淺灘"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "qiǎntān",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "浅滩"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mělčina"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "revle"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "zandbank"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "sablejo"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "sablobenko"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "särkkä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "banc de sable"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "barra"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "banco de area"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "restinga"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "taro"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sirte"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "brica"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Sandbank"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "richá",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "ρηχά"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ýfalos",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ύφαλος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "zátony"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "turzás"
    },
    {
      "code": "ig",
      "lang": "Igbo",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "ubòm"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "scairbh"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "oitir"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "secca"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "banco di sabbia"
    },
    {
      "alt": "あさせ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "asase",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "浅瀬"
    },
    {
      "alt": "砂洲",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "saju",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "사주"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "moraetop",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "모래톱"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "plitak",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "плитак"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "tāhuna"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "english": "exposed at low tide",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "tārake"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "matatāhuna"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sandbanke"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "sanâr",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "سنار"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "banco de areia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "melkovódʹje",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "мелково́дье"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ótmelʹ",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "о́тмель"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "bánka",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ба́нка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "melʹ",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "мель"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "oitir"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "пличина"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pličina"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bajío"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bajo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "banco de arena"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "sandbank"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "sandbank",
      "word": "batuharang"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "plitčina",
      "sense": "a shallow",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "плитчина"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a shallow",
      "word": "matalikko"
    },
    {
      "code": "gsw",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a shallow",
      "tags": [
        "Alemannic-German"
      ],
      "word": "Gelungg"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "ténagos",
      "sense": "a shallow",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "τέναγος"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "a shallow",
      "word": "pāti"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shoal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kelh₁-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊl",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊl/1 syllable",
    "en:Landforms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "schold"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English schold",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "scholde"
      },
      "expansion": "scholde",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċeald",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċeald (“shallow”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skalidaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skalidaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skaljaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to go dry, dry up, become shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "*skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*skalaz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "parched, shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "*skalaz (“parched, shallow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelh₁-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dry out"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Scholl",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shallow water"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Scholl (“shallow water”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "schal",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stale, flat, vapid"
      },
      "expansion": "German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "shallow"
      },
      "expansion": "shallow",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English schold, scholde, from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "shoals",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoaling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoaled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoaled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "shoal (third-person singular simple present shoals, present participle shoaling, simple past and past participle shoaled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To arrive at a shallow (or less deep) area."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shallow",
          "shallow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1859, Matthew Fontaine Maury, Explanations and Sailing Directions to Accompany the Wind and Current Charts",
          "text": "Noting the rate at which she shoals her water -[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause a shallowing; to come to a more shallow part of."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shallowing",
          "shallowing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause a shallowing; to come to a more shallow part of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The colour of the water shows where it shoals.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become shallow."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəʊl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-shoal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg/En-us-shoal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "sheld"
    },
    {
      "word": "shole"
    },
    {
      "word": "shoald"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "shold"
    },
    {
      "word": "shaul"
    },
    {
      "word": "shawl"
    },
    {
      "word": "shauld"
    },
    {
      "word": "schald"
    },
    {
      "word": "shaud"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ],
      "word": "shawd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shoal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊl",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊl/1 syllable",
    "en:Landforms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "*schole",
        "3": "",
        "4": "school of fish"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English *schole (“school of fish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċeolu"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċeolu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sċolu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish"
      },
      "expansion": "sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*skolu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skolu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skulō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelH-",
        "t": "to divide, split, separate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "skoal",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shoal"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian skoal (“shoal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "schōle",
        "3": "",
        "4": "multitude, troop"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "school",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shoal of fishes"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "school",
        "id": "group-of-fish"
      },
      "expansion": "school",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "1570, presumably from Middle English *schole (“school of fish”), from Old English sċeolu, sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”).\nCognate with West Frisian skoal (“shoal”), Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”), Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”). Doublet of school.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "shoals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "shoal (plural shoals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any large number of persons or things."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English collective nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "c. 1661, Edmund Waller, On St. James's Park\nBeneath, a shoal of silver fishes glides."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick",
          "text": "He came directly from the shoal which we had just before entered, and in which we had struck three of his companions, as if fired with revenge for their sufferings.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A large number of fish (or other sea creatures) of the same species swimming together."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fish",
          "fish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collective) A large number of fish (or other sea creatures) of the same species swimming together."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəʊl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-shoal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg/En-us-shoal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "topics": [
        "fish",
        "ichthyology",
        "zoology",
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "word": "school"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shoal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊl",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊl/1 syllable",
    "en:Landforms"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "*schole",
        "3": "",
        "4": "school of fish"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English *schole (“school of fish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċeolu"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċeolu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sċolu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish"
      },
      "expansion": "sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*skolu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skolu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skulō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelH-",
        "t": "to divide, split, separate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "skoal",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shoal"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian skoal (“shoal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "schōle",
        "3": "",
        "4": "multitude, troop"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "school",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shoal of fishes"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "school",
        "id": "group-of-fish"
      },
      "expansion": "school",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "1570, presumably from Middle English *schole (“school of fish”), from Old English sċeolu, sċolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”).\nCognate with West Frisian skoal (“shoal”), Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”), Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”). Doublet of school.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "shoals",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoaling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoaled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shoaled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "shoal (third-person singular simple present shoals, present participle shoaling, simple past and past participle shoaled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The fish shoaled about the place."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To collect in a shoal; to throng."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "collect",
          "collect"
        ],
        [
          "throng",
          "throng"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəʊl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-shoal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg/En-us-shoal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-shoal.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shoal"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.