"restriction" meaning in English

See restriction in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-restriction.wav [Southern-England], LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-restriction.wav [US] Forms: restrictions [plural]
Rhymes: -ɪkʃən Etymology: From Middle English restriccioun, from Anglo-Norman restriction, Middle French restriction, and their source, Late Latin restrictiō, from Latin restringō. Morphologically restrict + -ion. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|restriccioun}} Middle English restriccioun, {{der|en|xno|restriction}} Anglo-Norman restriction, {{der|en|frm|restriction}} Middle French restriction, {{der|en|LL.|restrictiō}} Late Latin restrictiō, {{der|en|la|restringō}} Latin restringō, {{suffix|en|restrict|ion}} restrict + -ion Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} restriction (countable and uncountable, plural restrictions)
  1. The act of restricting, or the state of being restricted. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Directives Translations (act or state): تقييد (Arabic), абмежаванне (abmježavannje) [neuter] (Belarusian), ограничаване (ograničavane) [neuter] (Bulgarian), restricció [feminine] (Catalan), 限制 (xiànzhì) (Chinese Mandarin), omezení [neuter] (Czech), beperking [feminine] (Dutch), piiramine (Estonian), rajoittaminen (Finnish), restriction [feminine] (French), Beschränkung [feminine] (German), Verbot [neuter] (German), περιορισμός (periorismós) [masculine] (Greek), teorannú [masculine] (Irish), restrizione [feminine] (Italian), 制限 (Japanese), 제한 (jehan) (alt: 制限) (Korean), apribojimas [masculine] (Lithuanian), ограничување (ograničuvanje) [neuter] (Macedonian), ограниче́ние (ograničénije) [neuter] (Russian), restricción [feminine] (Spanish), обмеження (obmežennja) [neuter] (Ukrainian), hạn chế (alt: 限制) (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-restriction-en-noun-PB3RmdJG Disambiguation of Directives: 38 45 17 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -ion Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 41 29 30 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 49 25 26 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ion: 51 26 23 Disambiguation of 'act or state': 100 0 0
  2. A regulation or limitation that restricts. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Directives Translations (regulation or limitation): قيد (Arabic), абмежаванне (abmježavannje) [neuter] (Belarusian), ограничение (ograničenie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), restricció [feminine] (Catalan), omezení [neuter] (Czech), piirang (Estonian), rajoitus (Finnish), rajoite (Finnish), Beschränkung [feminine] (German), Einschränkung [feminine] (German), restrizione [feminine] (Italian), apribojimas [masculine] (Lithuanian), ограничување (ograničuvanje) [neuter] (Macedonian), restriksjon [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), restriksjon [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), restrykcja [feminine] (Polish), obostrzenie [neuter] (Polish), restricție [feminine] (Romanian), ограниче́ние (ograničénije) [neuter] (Russian), अवधारण (avadhāraṇa) [neuter] (Sanskrit), restricción [feminine] (Spanish), restriktion [common-gender] (Swedish), begränsning [common-gender] (Swedish), обмеження (obmežennja) [neuter] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-restriction-en-noun-3E60mjgh Disambiguation of Directives: 38 45 17 Disambiguation of 'regulation or limitation': 2 94 4
  3. (biology) The mechanism by which a cell degrades foreign DNA material. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Biology, Directives Translations (degradation of DNA): restriction (French), restrizione [feminine] (Italian), restrição (Portuguese), restricción (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-restriction-en-noun-oI1VneJw Disambiguation of Directives: 38 45 17 Topics: biology, natural-sciences Disambiguation of 'degradation of DNA': 20 15 64
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: field restriction, restriction enzyme, value restriction, width restriction Related terms: restrict, restrain, restraint, constriction

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for restriction meaning in English (11.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "field restriction"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "restriction enzyme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "value restriction"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "width restriction"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "restriccioun"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English restriccioun",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "restriction"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman restriction",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "restriction"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French restriction",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "restrictiō"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin restrictiō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "restringō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin restringō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "restrict",
        "3": "ion"
      },
      "expansion": "restrict + -ion",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English restriccioun, from Anglo-Norman restriction, Middle French restriction, and their source, Late Latin restrictiō, from Latin restringō.\nMorphologically restrict + -ion.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "restrictions",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "restriction (countable and uncountable, plural restrictions)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "re‧stric‧tion"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "restrict"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "restrain"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "restraint"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "constriction"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 29 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 25 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 26 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ion",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 45 17",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Directives",
          "orig": "en:Directives",
          "parents": [
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act of restricting, or the state of being restricted."
      ],
      "id": "en-restriction-en-noun-PB3RmdJG",
      "links": [
        [
          "act",
          "act"
        ],
        [
          "restrict",
          "restrict"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "word": "تقييد"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "abmježavannje",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "абмежаванне"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ograničavane",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ограничаване"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "restricció"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "xiànzhì",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "word": "限制"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "omezení"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "beperking"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "word": "piiramine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "word": "rajoittaminen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "restriction"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Beschränkung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Verbot"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "periorismós",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "περιορισμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "teorannú"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "restrizione"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "word": "制限"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "alt": "制限",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jehan",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "word": "제한"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "apribojimas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "ograničuvanje",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ограничување"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ograničénije",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ограниче́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "restricción"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "obmežennja",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "обмеження"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0",
          "alt": "限制",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "act or state",
          "word": "hạn chế"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "38 45 17",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Directives",
          "orig": "en:Directives",
          "parents": [
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A regulation or limitation that restricts."
      ],
      "id": "en-restriction-en-noun-3E60mjgh",
      "links": [
        [
          "regulation",
          "regulation"
        ],
        [
          "limitation",
          "limitation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "word": "قيد"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "abmježavannje",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "абмежаванне"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ograničenie",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ограничение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "restricció"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "omezení"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "word": "piirang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "word": "rajoitus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "word": "rajoite"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Beschränkung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Einschränkung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "restrizione"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "apribojimas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "ograničuvanje",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ограничување"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "restriksjon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "restriksjon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "restrykcja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "obostrzenie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "restricție"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ograničénije",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ограниче́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "avadhāraṇa",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "अवधारण"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "restricción"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "restriktion"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "begränsning"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 94 4",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "obmežennja",
          "sense": "regulation or limitation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "обмеження"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Biology",
          "orig": "en:Biology",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 45 17",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Directives",
          "orig": "en:Directives",
          "parents": [
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The mechanism by which a cell degrades foreign DNA material."
      ],
      "id": "en-restriction-en-noun-oI1VneJw",
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) The mechanism by which a cell degrades foreign DNA material."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "20 15 64",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "degradation of DNA",
          "word": "restriction"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "20 15 64",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "degradation of DNA",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "restrizione"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "20 15 64",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "degradation of DNA",
          "word": "restrição"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "20 15 64",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "degradation of DNA",
          "word": "restricción"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪkʃən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-restriction.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-restriction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-restriction.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-restriction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-restriction.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-restriction.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-restriction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-restriction.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-restriction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-restriction.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "restriction"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -ion",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪkʃən",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪkʃən/3 syllables",
    "en:Directives"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "field restriction"
    },
    {
      "word": "restriction enzyme"
    },
    {
      "word": "value restriction"
    },
    {
      "word": "width restriction"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "restriccioun"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English restriccioun",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "restriction"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman restriction",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "restriction"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French restriction",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "restrictiō"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin restrictiō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "restringō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin restringō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "restrict",
        "3": "ion"
      },
      "expansion": "restrict + -ion",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English restriccioun, from Anglo-Norman restriction, Middle French restriction, and their source, Late Latin restrictiō, from Latin restringō.\nMorphologically restrict + -ion.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "restrictions",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "restriction (countable and uncountable, plural restrictions)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "re‧stric‧tion"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "restrict"
    },
    {
      "word": "restrain"
    },
    {
      "word": "restraint"
    },
    {
      "word": "constriction"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The act of restricting, or the state of being restricted."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "act",
          "act"
        ],
        [
          "restrict",
          "restrict"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A regulation or limitation that restricts."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "regulation",
          "regulation"
        ],
        [
          "limitation",
          "limitation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Biology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The mechanism by which a cell degrades foreign DNA material."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) The mechanism by which a cell degrades foreign DNA material."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪkʃən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-restriction.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-restriction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-restriction.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-restriction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-restriction.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-restriction.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-restriction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-restriction.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-restriction.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-restriction.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "word": "تقييد"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "abmježavannje",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "абмежаванне"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ograničavane",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ограничаване"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "restricció"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xiànzhì",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "word": "限制"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "omezení"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "beperking"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "word": "piiramine"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "word": "rajoittaminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "restriction"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Beschränkung"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Verbot"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "periorismós",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "περιορισμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "teorannú"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "restrizione"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "word": "制限"
    },
    {
      "alt": "制限",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jehan",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "word": "제한"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "apribojimas"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ograničuvanje",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ограничување"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ograničénije",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ограниче́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "restricción"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "obmežennja",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "обмеження"
    },
    {
      "alt": "限制",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "act or state",
      "word": "hạn chế"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "word": "قيد"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "abmježavannje",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "абмежаванне"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ograničenie",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ограничение"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "restricció"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "omezení"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "word": "piirang"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "word": "rajoitus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "word": "rajoite"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Beschränkung"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Einschränkung"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "restrizione"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "apribojimas"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ograničuvanje",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ограничување"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "restriksjon"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "restriksjon"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "restrykcja"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "obostrzenie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "restricție"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ograničénije",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ограниче́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "avadhāraṇa",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "अवधारण"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "restricción"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "restriktion"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "begränsning"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "obmežennja",
      "sense": "regulation or limitation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "обмеження"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "degradation of DNA",
      "word": "restriction"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "degradation of DNA",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "restrizione"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "degradation of DNA",
      "word": "restrição"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "degradation of DNA",
      "word": "restricción"
    }
  ],
  "word": "restriction"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.