See pothole in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pothole meaning in English (20.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "potholing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "potholed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "potholer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pot",
"3": "hole",
"t1": "pit, hollow, cavity"
},
"expansion": "pot (“pit, hollow, cavity”) + hole",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pot"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pot",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "potte",
"t": "a deep hole for a mine, or from peat-digging"
},
"expansion": "potte (“a deep hole for a mine, or from peat-digging”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pit"
},
"expansion": "English pit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pote"
},
"expansion": "pote",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pot"
},
"expansion": "pot",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "pott"
},
"expansion": "Scots pott",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "patt",
"t": "a pit dug in the ground; coalpit"
},
"expansion": "patt (“a pit dug in the ground; coalpit”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From dialectal pot (“pit, hollow, cavity”) + hole. The \"cave\" senses, attested since at least 1809 (as pot-hole), may be from Middle English pot, potte (“a deep hole for a mine, or from peat-digging”), of uncertain origin; perhaps related to English pit, pote, or pot. Compare Scots pott, patt (“a pit dug in the ground; coalpit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "potholes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pothole (plural potholes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 15 13 16 13 20 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with consonant pseudo-digraphs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 12 10 12 13 17 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Roads",
"orig": "en:Roads",
"parents": [
"Road transport",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Paul Carter, Don't Tell Mum I Work on the Rigs, Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin, page 86",
"text": "I was so tired that potholes, fumes and noise aside, I slept regardless, my head rag-dolling from side to side.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 February 9, “Network News: Prime Minister \"blew nearly £1m\" on Northern Ireland bridge study”, in RAIL, number 950, page 20",
"text": "Labour's Shadow Transport Secretary Louise Haigh said: \"There is a cost-of-living crisis, and the Prime Minister blew nearly £1m of public money on an utterly infeasible vanity project. That's enough to fill 18,000 potholes. This shows the Tories' sheer disrespect for public money.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shallow pit or other edged depression in a road's surface, especially when caused by erosion by weather or traffic."
],
"id": "en-pothole-en-noun-TOySeom7",
"links": [
[
"road",
"road"
],
[
"erosion",
"erosion"
],
[
"traffic",
"traffic"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "düṅ",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "ডোং"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "düṅa",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "ডোঙা"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dupka",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дупка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clot"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kēngdòng",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "坑洞"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "甌穴"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ōuxué",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "瓯穴"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "výmol"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "výtluk"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gat in het wegdek"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "vojkavo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "stratotruo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "kuoppa"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "nid de poule"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fondrière"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fochanca"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baltre"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goio"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lacada"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valagota"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣranṭe",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "ღრანტე"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schlagloch"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lakkoúva",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "λακκούβα"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "kátyú"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brothola"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linntreog"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buca"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"alt": "おうけつ, ōketsu; かめあな, kameana",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "甌穴"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "dupka",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дупка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "towl"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wybój"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wyrwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buraco (na estrada)"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hârtop"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hârtoapă"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výboina",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вы́боина"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rýtvina",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ры́твина"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uxáb",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "уха́б"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jáma",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scaffa"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bache"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "potthål"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "lubak"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "yol çukuru"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vybójina",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вибо́їна"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jáma",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "ổ gà"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 16 12 5 18 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "twll"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 23 11 11 10 25 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 20 12 12 21 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
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"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 13 16 13 20 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with consonant pseudo-digraphs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "2002, May-June, Grand River Conservation Authority (Canada) Newsletter\nThe earliest ideas on the creation of potholes are that they were associated with \"moulins de glacier\" (glacier mills) formed where surface streams on glaciers and ice sheets fall into holes in the ice. Water entering these surficial holes was believed to impact on the bedrock beneath creating a large pothole. The \"Moulin Hypothesis\", first suggested in 1874, continued to be accepted by many authors until the 1950s. However, commencing in the 1930s, other authors have suggested dissatisfaction with the moulin hypothesis, largely on the grounds that it failed to explain how ice could remain stable long enough for the \"giant\" potholes to form and why many potholes (like those at Rockwood) were present in large numbers."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pit formed in the bed of a turbulent stream."
],
"id": "en-pothole-en-noun-3Y6JpseP",
"links": [
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"turbulent",
"turbulent"
],
[
"stream",
"stream"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "9 60 7 8 4 11",
"sense": "large pit in the bed of a stream",
"word": "giant kettle"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 60 7 8 4 11",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"word": "maalgat"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 60 7 8 4 11",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "jættegryde"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 60 7 8 4 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"word": "hiidenkirnu"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 60 7 8 4 11",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cachafundo"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 60 7 8 4 11",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cachón"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 60 7 8 4 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fosso"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 60 7 8 4 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avvallamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 60 7 8 4 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "depressione"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 60 7 8 4 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "affossamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 60 7 8 4 11",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wytopisko"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 60 7 8 4 11",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"word": "jättegryta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 23 11 11 10 25 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 20 12 12 21 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 13 16 13 20 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with consonant pseudo-digraphs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vertical cave system, often found in limestone."
],
"id": "en-pothole-en-noun-nu3wyBOi",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"limestone",
"limestone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A vertical cave system, often found in limestone."
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Archaeology",
"orig": "en:Archaeology",
"parents": [
"Anthropology",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Zoology",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Biology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 23 11 11 10 25 10",
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},
{
"_dis": "8 16 20 12 12 21 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 13 16 13 20 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with consonant pseudo-digraphs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pit resulting from unauthorized excavation by treasure-hunters or vandals."
],
"id": "en-pothole-en-noun-dw9p1XUC",
"links": [
[
"archaeology",
"archaeology"
],
[
"unauthorized",
"unauthorized"
],
[
"excavation",
"excavation"
],
[
"treasure-hunter",
"treasure-hunter"
],
[
"vandal",
"vandal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaeology) A pit resulting from unauthorized excavation by treasure-hunters or vandals."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "6 7 2 71 4 12",
"sense": "pit resulting from unauthorized excavation",
"word": "pothunter"
}
],
"topics": [
"archaeology",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 13 10 35 10 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hole in a burial mound resulting from unauthorized excavators",
"word": "kuoppa"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 13 10 35 10 22",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hole in a burial mound resulting from unauthorized excavators",
"word": "cono de violación"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 13 10 35 10 22",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hole in a burial mound resulting from unauthorized excavators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scavo"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 13 10 35 10 22",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hole in a burial mound resulting from unauthorized excavators",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dziura wykopana przez łowcę"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "en:Mining",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
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},
{
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 20 12 12 21 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 13 16 13 20 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with consonant pseudo-digraphs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shallow hole dug for the purpose of prospecting for opal or gold."
],
"id": "en-pothole-en-noun-RZS~9Gxh",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"dug",
"dig"
],
[
"prospect",
"prospect"
],
[
"opal",
"opal"
],
[
"gold",
"gold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia, mining) A shallow hole dug for the purpose of prospecting for opal or gold."
],
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 23 11 11 10 25 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 20 12 12 21 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 12 13 11 17 29 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 13 16 13 20 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with consonant pseudo-digraphs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hyperlink with text displayed on a page that is different from the title of the page to which the text links; a piped link."
],
"id": "en-pothole-en-noun-OtMWmyVF",
"links": [
[
"fandom",
"fandom"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"hyperlink",
"hyperlink"
],
[
"piped link",
"piped link"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fandom slang, TV Tropes) A hyperlink with text displayed on a page that is different from the title of the page to which the text links; a piped link."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "5 12 6 6 10 61",
"sense": "piped link, TV Tropes",
"word": "sinkhole"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pot-hole"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pothole"
],
"word": "pothole"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pot",
"3": "hole"
},
"expansion": "pot + hole",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*pothol"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *pothol",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "potholys"
},
"expansion": "potholys",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pot + hole. Attested since at least 1811 (also as pot-hole), possibly continuing Middle English *pothol (attested in the plural, potholys).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "potholes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pothole (plural potholes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 23 11 11 10 25 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 20 12 12 21 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 13 16 13 20 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with consonant pseudo-digraphs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984, Stoves and trees: how much wood would a woodstove save if a woodstove could save wood?",
"text": "Stoves with two or more potholes\nThe normal single-pot stove in which the pot sits on top, rather than being sunk into the pothole, has a major limitation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hole or recess on the top of a stove into which a pot may be placed."
],
"id": "en-pothole-en-noun-W0UgqLAB",
"related": [
{
"word": "sinkhole"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pot-hole"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pothole"
],
"word": "pothole"
}
{
"categories": [
"English TV Tropes slang",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with consonant pseudo-digraphs",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"en:Roads"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "potholing"
},
{
"word": "potholed"
},
{
"word": "potholer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pot",
"3": "hole",
"t1": "pit, hollow, cavity"
},
"expansion": "pot (“pit, hollow, cavity”) + hole",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pot"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pot",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "potte",
"t": "a deep hole for a mine, or from peat-digging"
},
"expansion": "potte (“a deep hole for a mine, or from peat-digging”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pit"
},
"expansion": "English pit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pote"
},
"expansion": "pote",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pot"
},
"expansion": "pot",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "pott"
},
"expansion": "Scots pott",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "patt",
"t": "a pit dug in the ground; coalpit"
},
"expansion": "patt (“a pit dug in the ground; coalpit”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From dialectal pot (“pit, hollow, cavity”) + hole. The \"cave\" senses, attested since at least 1809 (as pot-hole), may be from Middle English pot, potte (“a deep hole for a mine, or from peat-digging”), of uncertain origin; perhaps related to English pit, pote, or pot. Compare Scots pott, patt (“a pit dug in the ground; coalpit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "potholes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pothole (plural potholes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"sense": "pit resulting from unauthorized excavation",
"word": "pothunter"
},
{
"sense": "piped link, TV Tropes",
"word": "sinkhole"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Paul Carter, Don't Tell Mum I Work on the Rigs, Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin, page 86",
"text": "I was so tired that potholes, fumes and noise aside, I slept regardless, my head rag-dolling from side to side.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 February 9, “Network News: Prime Minister \"blew nearly £1m\" on Northern Ireland bridge study”, in RAIL, number 950, page 20",
"text": "Labour's Shadow Transport Secretary Louise Haigh said: \"There is a cost-of-living crisis, and the Prime Minister blew nearly £1m of public money on an utterly infeasible vanity project. That's enough to fill 18,000 potholes. This shows the Tories' sheer disrespect for public money.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shallow pit or other edged depression in a road's surface, especially when caused by erosion by weather or traffic."
],
"links": [
[
"road",
"road"
],
[
"erosion",
"erosion"
],
[
"traffic",
"traffic"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "2002, May-June, Grand River Conservation Authority (Canada) Newsletter\nThe earliest ideas on the creation of potholes are that they were associated with \"moulins de glacier\" (glacier mills) formed where surface streams on glaciers and ice sheets fall into holes in the ice. Water entering these surficial holes was believed to impact on the bedrock beneath creating a large pothole. The \"Moulin Hypothesis\", first suggested in 1874, continued to be accepted by many authors until the 1950s. However, commencing in the 1930s, other authors have suggested dissatisfaction with the moulin hypothesis, largely on the grounds that it failed to explain how ice could remain stable long enough for the \"giant\" potholes to form and why many potholes (like those at Rockwood) were present in large numbers."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pit formed in the bed of a turbulent stream."
],
"links": [
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"turbulent",
"turbulent"
],
[
"stream",
"stream"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"A vertical cave system, often found in limestone."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"limestone",
"limestone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A vertical cave system, often found in limestone."
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Archaeology"
],
"glosses": [
"A pit resulting from unauthorized excavation by treasure-hunters or vandals."
],
"links": [
[
"archaeology",
"archaeology"
],
[
"unauthorized",
"unauthorized"
],
[
"excavation",
"excavation"
],
[
"treasure-hunter",
"treasure-hunter"
],
[
"vandal",
"vandal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaeology) A pit resulting from unauthorized excavation by treasure-hunters or vandals."
],
"topics": [
"archaeology",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"en:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"A shallow hole dug for the purpose of prospecting for opal or gold."
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"dug",
"dig"
],
[
"prospect",
"prospect"
],
[
"opal",
"opal"
],
[
"gold",
"gold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia, mining) A shallow hole dug for the purpose of prospecting for opal or gold."
],
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English fandom slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A hyperlink with text displayed on a page that is different from the title of the page to which the text links; a piped link."
],
"links": [
[
"fandom",
"fandom"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"hyperlink",
"hyperlink"
],
[
"piped link",
"piped link"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fandom slang, TV Tropes) A hyperlink with text displayed on a page that is different from the title of the page to which the text links; a piped link."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "large pit in the bed of a stream",
"word": "giant kettle"
},
{
"word": "pot-hole"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "düṅ",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "ডোং"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "düṅa",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "ডোঙা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dupka",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дупка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clot"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kēngdòng",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "坑洞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "甌穴"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ōuxué",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "瓯穴"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "výmol"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "výtluk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gat in het wegdek"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "vojkavo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "stratotruo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "kuoppa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "nid de poule"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fondrière"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fochanca"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baltre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goio"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lacada"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valagota"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣranṭe",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "ღრანტე"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schlagloch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lakkoúva",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "λακκούβα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "kátyú"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brothola"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linntreog"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buca"
},
{
"alt": "おうけつ, ōketsu; かめあな, kameana",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "甌穴"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "dupka",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дупка"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "towl"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wybój"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wyrwa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buraco (na estrada)"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hârtop"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hârtoapă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výboina",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вы́боина"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rýtvina",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ры́твина"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uxáb",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "уха́б"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jáma",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́ма"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scaffa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bache"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "potthål"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "lubak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "yol çukuru"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vybójina",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вибо́їна"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jáma",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́ма"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"word": "ổ gà"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a hole in a road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "twll"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"word": "maalgat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "jættegryde"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"word": "hiidenkirnu"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cachafundo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cachón"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fosso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avvallamento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "depressione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "affossamento"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wytopisko"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pit in the bed of a stream",
"word": "jättegryta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hole in a burial mound resulting from unauthorized excavators",
"word": "kuoppa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hole in a burial mound resulting from unauthorized excavators",
"word": "cono de violación"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hole in a burial mound resulting from unauthorized excavators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scavo"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hole in a burial mound resulting from unauthorized excavators",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dziura wykopana przez łowcę"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pothole"
],
"word": "pothole"
}
{
"categories": [
"English TV Tropes slang",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with consonant pseudo-digraphs",
"en:Roads"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pot",
"3": "hole"
},
"expansion": "pot + hole",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*pothol"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *pothol",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "potholys"
},
"expansion": "potholys",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pot + hole. Attested since at least 1811 (also as pot-hole), possibly continuing Middle English *pothol (attested in the plural, potholys).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "potholes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pothole (plural potholes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "sinkhole"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984, Stoves and trees: how much wood would a woodstove save if a woodstove could save wood?",
"text": "Stoves with two or more potholes\nThe normal single-pot stove in which the pot sits on top, rather than being sunk into the pothole, has a major limitation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hole or recess on the top of a stove into which a pot may be placed."
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pot-hole"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pothole"
],
"word": "pothole"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: fandom slang, TV Tropes",
"path": [
"pothole"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pothole",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: fandom slang, TV Tropes",
"path": [
"pothole"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pothole",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.