"plethora" meaning in English

See plethora in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈplɛθəɹə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈplɛðəɹə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /plɪˈθɔːɹə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈplɛθəɹə/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-plethora.ogg , en-au-plethora.ogg Forms: plethorae [plural], plethoras [plural]
enPR: plĕʹthərə [Received-Pronunciation], plĕʹdhərə [Received-Pronunciation], plĭthôʹrə [Received-Pronunciation], plĕʹthərə [General-American] Rhymes: -ɔːɹə Etymology: From Late Latin plēthōra, from Ancient Greek πληθώρη (plēthṓrē, “fullness, satiety”), from πλήθω (plḗthō, “to be full”) + -η (-ē, nominal suffix). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*pleh₁-}}, {{bor|en|LL.|plēthōra}} Late Latin plēthōra, {{der|en|grc|πληθώρη||fullness, satiety}} Ancient Greek πληθώρη (plēthṓrē, “fullness, satiety”), {{af|grc|πλήθω|-η|nocat=1|pos2=nominal suffix|t1=to be full}} πλήθω (plḗthō, “to be full”) + -η (-ē, nominal suffix) Head templates: {{en-noun|~|plethorae|s}} plethora (countable and uncountable, plural plethorae or plethoras)
  1. (usually followed by of) An excessive amount or number; an abundance. Tags: countable, uncountable, usually Synonyms (excess, abundance): glut, myriad, surfeit, superfluity, slew Translations (excess, abundance): изобилие (izobilie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), излишък (izlišǎk) [masculine] (Bulgarian), plètora [feminine] (Catalan), 過多 (Chinese Mandarin), 过多 (guòduō) (Chinese Mandarin), 過剩 (Chinese Mandarin), 过剩 (guòshèng) (Chinese Mandarin), 過量 (Chinese Mandarin), 过量 (guòliàng) (Chinese Mandarin), spousta (Czech), přemíra [feminine] (Czech), nadbytek [masculine] (Czech), overflod [common-gender] (Danish), overmaat (Dutch), yletön määrä (Finnish), ylenpalttisuus (Finnish), pléthore [feminine] (French), plétora [feminine] (Galician), Fülle [feminine] (German), Übermaß [neuter] (German), πληθώρα (plithóra) [feminine] (Greek), שָׁלָל (shalál) (Hebrew), túltengés (Hungarian), özön (Hungarian), pletora (Italian), plethora (Latin), изо́билство (izóbilstvo) [neuter] (Macedonian), мно́штво (mnóštvo) [neuter] (Macedonian), maruru (Maori), overflod [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), overflod (Norwegian Nynorsk), pletora [feminine] (Portuguese), plêiade [feminine] (Portuguese), profusão [feminine] (Portuguese), abundância [feminine] (Portuguese), infinidade [feminine] (Portuguese), série [feminine] (Portuguese), изоби́лие (izobílije) [neuter] (Russian), оби́лие (obílije) [neuter] (Russian), избы́ток (izbýtok) [masculine] (Russian), plétora (Spanish), överflöd [neuter] (Swedish), çokluk (Turkish), doluluk (Turkish), fazlalık (Turkish), надмірність (nadmirnistʹ) [feminine] (Ukrainian), надлишок (nadlyšok) [masculine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-plethora-en-noun-dP8nzV3b Disambiguation of 'excess, abundance': 87 13 Disambiguation of 'excess, abundance': 87 13
  2. (medicine) Excess of blood in the skin, especially in the face and especially chronically. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Medicine Hypernyms (excess of blood in the skin): hyperemia, hyperperfusion, congestion, engorgement, injection Coordinate_terms (excess of blood in the skin): flushing, blushing, floridity, ruddiness Translations (excess of blood in the skin): punoitus (Finnish), blodoverfylling [feminine, masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), повнокров'я (povnokrovʺja) [neuter] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-plethora-en-noun-JBQ7Tqnt Categories (other): English links with manual fragments, English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations, Terms with Norwegian translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 22 78 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 18 82 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 11 89 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 11 89 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 28 72 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 13 87 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 18 82 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 16 84 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 17 83 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 26 74 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 21 79 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations: 7 93 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 13 87 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 17 83 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 17 83 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 19 81 Topics: medicine, sciences Disambiguation of 'excess of blood in the skin': 4 96 Disambiguation of 'excess of blood in the skin': 4 96 Disambiguation of 'excess of blood in the skin': 4 96
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: plethoric, erythema, rash

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pleh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "plēthōra"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin plēthōra",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "πληθώρη",
        "4": "",
        "5": "fullness, satiety"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πληθώρη (plēthṓrē, “fullness, satiety”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πλήθω",
        "3": "-η",
        "nocat": "1",
        "pos2": "nominal suffix",
        "t1": "to be full"
      },
      "expansion": "πλήθω (plḗthō, “to be full”) + -η (-ē, nominal suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin plēthōra, from Ancient Greek πληθώρη (plēthṓrē, “fullness, satiety”), from πλήθω (plḗthō, “to be full”) + -η (-ē, nominal suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plethorae",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plethoras",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~",
        "2": "plethorae",
        "3": "s"
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      "expansion": "plethora (countable and uncountable, plural plethorae or plethoras)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plethoric"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "erythema"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rash"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The menu offers a plethora of cuisines from around the world.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "1817, Francis Jeffrey, review of Lalla Rookh, in the Edinburgh Review\nHe labours under a plethora of wit and imagination."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1849, Herman Melville, Redburn: His First Voyage. […], 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:",
          "text": "I pushed my seat right up before the most insolent gazer, a short fat man, with a plethora of cravat round his neck, and fixing my gaze on his, gave him more gazes than he sent.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1927, H.P. Lovecraft, Supernatural Horror in Literature (The Aftermath of Gothic Fiction):",
          "text": "Meanwhile other hands had not been idle, so that above the dreary plethora of trash like Marquis von Grosse's Horrid Mysteries..., there arose many memorable weird works both in English and German.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1986, Lorne Michaels, Steve Martin, Randy Newman, ¡Three Amigos! (film)",
          "roman": "Jefe: Oh yes, El Guapo. You have a plethora.",
          "text": "Jefe: We have many beautiful piñatas for your birthday celebration, each one filled with little surprises!\nEl Guapo: How many piñatas?\nJefe: Many piñatas, many!\nEl Guapo: Jefe, would you say I have a plethora of piñatas?\nJefe: A what?\nEl Guapo: A plethora."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 233:",
          "text": "The story of the woodhen is one outstanding conservation triumph in a plethora of tragedy.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An excessive amount or number; an abundance."
      ],
      "id": "en-plethora-en-noun-dP8nzV3b",
      "links": [
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          "of",
          "of#English"
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        [
          "number",
          "number"
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        [
          "abundance",
          "abundance"
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually followed by of) An excessive amount or number; an abundance."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "followed by of"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "glut"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "myriad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "surfeit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "superfluity"
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        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
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          "word": "slew"
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      "tags": [
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        "usually"
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "izobilie",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "изобилие"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "izlišǎk",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "излишък"
        },
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          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "plètora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "過多"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "guòduō",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "过多"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "過剩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "guòshèng",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "过剩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "過量"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "guòliàng",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "过量"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "spousta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "přemíra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "nadbytek"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "overflod"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "overmaat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "yletön määrä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "ylenpalttisuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pléthore"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "plétora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Fülle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Übermaß"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "plithóra",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "πληθώρα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "shalál",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "שָׁלָל"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "túltengés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "özön"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "pletora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "plethora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "izóbilstvo",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "изо́билство"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "mnóštvo",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "мно́штво"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "maruru"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "overflod"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "overflod"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pletora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "plêiade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "profusão"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "abundância"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "infinidade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "série"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "izobílije",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "изоби́лие"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obílije",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "оби́лие"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "izbýtok",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "избы́ток"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "plétora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "överflöd"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "çokluk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "doluluk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "word": "fazlalık"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "nadmirnistʹ",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "надмірність"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "nadlyšok",
          "sense": "excess, abundance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "надлишок"
        }
      ]
    },
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          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Maori translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 93",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
          "word": "flushing"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
          "word": "blushing"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
          "word": "floridity"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
          "word": "ruddiness"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, IV.iii:",
          "text": "[Y]our Character at Present is like a Person in a Plethora, absolutely dying of too much Health—",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, published 1959, →OCLC:",
          "text": "The food necessary for the maintenance of his dog, a bull-terrier, in the condition of ferocious plethora to which it was accustomed, he generously declared himself willing to pay for out of his own pocket, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Excess of blood in the skin, especially in the face and especially chronically."
      ],
      "hypernyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
          "word": "hyperemia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
          "word": "hyperperfusion"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
          "word": "congestion"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
          "word": "engorgement"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
          "word": "injection"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-plethora-en-noun-JBQ7Tqnt",
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "Excess",
          "excess#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "blood",
          "blood"
        ],
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ],
        [
          "face",
          "face"
        ],
        [
          "chronically",
          "chronic#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) Excess of blood in the skin, especially in the face and especially chronically."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
          "word": "punoitus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "blodoverfylling"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "povnokrovʺja",
          "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "повнокров'я"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "plĕʹthərə",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plĕʹdhərə",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plĭthôʹrə",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈplɛθəɹə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈplɛðəɹə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/plɪˈθɔːɹə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plĕʹthərə",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈplɛθəɹə/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plethora.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/En-us-plethora.ogg/En-us-plethora.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/En-us-plethora.ogg"
    },
    {
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      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-au-plethora.ogg/En-au-plethora.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-au-plethora.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːɹə"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plethora"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁-",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːɹə",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːɹə/3 syllables",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
      "word": "flushing"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
      "word": "blushing"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
      "word": "floridity"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
      "word": "ruddiness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pleh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "plēthōra"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin plēthōra",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "πληθώρη",
        "4": "",
        "5": "fullness, satiety"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πληθώρη (plēthṓrē, “fullness, satiety”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πλήθω",
        "3": "-η",
        "nocat": "1",
        "pos2": "nominal suffix",
        "t1": "to be full"
      },
      "expansion": "πλήθω (plḗthō, “to be full”) + -η (-ē, nominal suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin plēthōra, from Ancient Greek πληθώρη (plēthṓrē, “fullness, satiety”), from πλήθω (plḗthō, “to be full”) + -η (-ē, nominal suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plethorae",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plethoras",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~",
        "2": "plethorae",
        "3": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "plethora (countable and uncountable, plural plethorae or plethoras)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
      "word": "hyperemia"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
      "word": "hyperperfusion"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
      "word": "congestion"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
      "word": "engorgement"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
      "word": "injection"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "plethoric"
    },
    {
      "word": "erythema"
    },
    {
      "word": "rash"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The menu offers a plethora of cuisines from around the world.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "1817, Francis Jeffrey, review of Lalla Rookh, in the Edinburgh Review\nHe labours under a plethora of wit and imagination."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1849, Herman Melville, Redburn: His First Voyage. […], 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:",
          "text": "I pushed my seat right up before the most insolent gazer, a short fat man, with a plethora of cravat round his neck, and fixing my gaze on his, gave him more gazes than he sent.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1927, H.P. Lovecraft, Supernatural Horror in Literature (The Aftermath of Gothic Fiction):",
          "text": "Meanwhile other hands had not been idle, so that above the dreary plethora of trash like Marquis von Grosse's Horrid Mysteries..., there arose many memorable weird works both in English and German.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1986, Lorne Michaels, Steve Martin, Randy Newman, ¡Three Amigos! (film)",
          "roman": "Jefe: Oh yes, El Guapo. You have a plethora.",
          "text": "Jefe: We have many beautiful piñatas for your birthday celebration, each one filled with little surprises!\nEl Guapo: How many piñatas?\nJefe: Many piñatas, many!\nEl Guapo: Jefe, would you say I have a plethora of piñatas?\nJefe: A what?\nEl Guapo: A plethora."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 233:",
          "text": "The story of the woodhen is one outstanding conservation triumph in a plethora of tragedy.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An excessive amount or number; an abundance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "of",
          "of#English"
        ],
        [
          "excessive",
          "excessive"
        ],
        [
          "amount",
          "amount"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number"
        ],
        [
          "abundance",
          "abundance"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually followed by of) An excessive amount or number; an abundance."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "followed by of"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with manual fragments",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Medicine"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, IV.iii:",
          "text": "[Y]our Character at Present is like a Person in a Plethora, absolutely dying of too much Health—",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, published 1959, →OCLC:",
          "text": "The food necessary for the maintenance of his dog, a bull-terrier, in the condition of ferocious plethora to which it was accustomed, he generously declared himself willing to pay for out of his own pocket, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Excess of blood in the skin, especially in the face and especially chronically."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "Excess",
          "excess#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "blood",
          "blood"
        ],
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ],
        [
          "face",
          "face"
        ],
        [
          "chronically",
          "chronic#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) Excess of blood in the skin, especially in the face and especially chronically."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "plĕʹthərə",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plĕʹdhərə",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plĭthôʹrə",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈplɛθəɹə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈplɛðəɹə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/plɪˈθɔːɹə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plĕʹthərə",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈplɛθəɹə/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plethora.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/En-us-plethora.ogg/En-us-plethora.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/En-us-plethora.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-plethora.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-au-plethora.ogg/En-au-plethora.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-au-plethora.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːɹə"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "glut"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "myriad"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "surfeit"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "superfluity"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "slew"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "izobilie",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "изобилие"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "izlišǎk",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "излишък"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "plètora"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "過多"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "guòduō",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "过多"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "過剩"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "guòshèng",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "过剩"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "過量"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "guòliàng",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "过量"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "spousta"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "přemíra"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "nadbytek"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "overflod"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "overmaat"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "yletön määrä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "ylenpalttisuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pléthore"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "plétora"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Fülle"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Übermaß"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "plithóra",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "πληθώρα"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "shalál",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "שָׁלָל"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "túltengés"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "özön"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "pletora"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "plethora"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "izóbilstvo",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "изо́билство"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "mnóštvo",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "мно́штво"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "maruru"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "overflod"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "overflod"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pletora"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "plêiade"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "profusão"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "abundância"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "infinidade"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "série"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "izobílije",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "изоби́лие"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obílije",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "оби́лие"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "izbýtok",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "избы́ток"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "plétora"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "överflöd"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "çokluk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "doluluk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "word": "fazlalık"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "nadmirnistʹ",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "надмірність"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "nadlyšok",
      "sense": "excess, abundance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "надлишок"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
      "word": "punoitus"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "blodoverfylling"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "povnokrovʺja",
      "sense": "excess of blood in the skin",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "повнокров'я"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plethora"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.