"perplexity" meaning in English

See perplexity in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /pəˈplɛksɪti/ [UK], /pəɹˈplɛksəti/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-perplexity.wav Forms: perplexities [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English perplexite, borrowed from Middle French perplexité or post-classical Latin perplexitās, from perplexus (“entangled”). By surface analysis, perplex + -ity. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|perplexite}} Middle English perplexite, {{der|en|frm|perplexité}} Middle French perplexité, {{der|en|la|perplexitās}} Latin perplexitās, {{surface analysis|en|perplex|-ity}} By surface analysis, perplex + -ity Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} perplexity (countable and uncountable, plural perplexities)
  1. The state or quality of being perplexed. Tags: countable, uncountable Synonyms: puzzlement, bewilderment, confusion Translations (state or quality of being perplexed): обърканост (obǎrkanost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), смущение (smuštenie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), 困惑 (kùnhuò) (Chinese Mandarin), 茫然 (mángrán) (Chinese Mandarin), 迷惘 (míwǎng) (Chinese Mandarin), verwardheid (Dutch), verwarring (Dutch), verbijstering (Dutch), hämmennys (Finnish), hämmentyneisyys (Finnish), perplexité (French), perplexidade [feminine] (Galician), Perplexität [feminine] (German), σύγχυση (sýnchysi) [feminine] (Greek), מבוכה (mevukhá) [feminine] (Hebrew), aincheas [masculine] (Irish), perplessità (Italian), 困惑 (konwaku) (alt: こんわく) (Japanese), 当惑 (tōwaku) (alt: とうわく) (Japanese), абыржушылық (abyrjuşylyq) (Kazakh), perplexitās [feminine] (Latin), rapeka (Maori), mangangatanga (Maori), raumaharatanga (Maori), سرگشتگی (sargaštegi) (Persian), ambaras [masculine] (Polish), perplexitate [feminine] (Romanian), расте́рянность (rastérjannostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), замеша́тельство (zamešátelʹstvo) [neuter] (Russian), लोभ (lobha) [masculine] (Sanskrit), perplejidad [feminine] (Spanish), şaşkınlık (Turkish), kararsızlık (Turkish), çekimserlik (Turkish), زالالەت (zalalet) (Uyghur)
    Sense id: en-perplexity-en-noun-auUyNZum Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Terms with Greek translations Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 13 44 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 27 40 33 Disambiguation of 'state or quality of being perplexed': 97 1 2
  2. Something that perplexes. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-perplexity-en-noun-fZzg10X~ Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ity, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Kazakh translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Sanskrit translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Uyghur translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 19 50 31 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ity: 26 53 21 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 14 61 26 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 13 44 42 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 20 57 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 17 65 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 14 67 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 17 66 17 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 12 65 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 17 66 17 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 17 66 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 27 40 33 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 17 66 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 18 65 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 10 72 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 10 72 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Kazakh translations: 17 66 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 10 72 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 34 45 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 17 66 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 18 65 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 18 64 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 17 66 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 10 72 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Sanskrit translations: 17 66 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 29 54 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 16 67 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Uyghur translations: 17 66 17
  3. (information theory) A measure of how well a probability distribution or model predicts a sample. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Information theory
    Sense id: en-perplexity-en-noun-Sxm53VaR Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Terms with Greek translations Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 13 44 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 27 40 33 Topics: computing, engineering, information-theory, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, sciences

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "perplexite"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English perplexite",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "perplexité"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French perplexité",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perplexitās"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perplexitās",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "perplex",
        "3": "-ity"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, perplex + -ity",
      "name": "surface analysis"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English perplexite, borrowed from Middle French perplexité or post-classical Latin perplexitās, from perplexus (“entangled”). By surface analysis, perplex + -ity.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perplexities",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "perplexity (countable and uncountable, plural perplexities)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 44 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 40 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The state or quality of being perplexed."
      ],
      "id": "en-perplexity-en-noun-auUyNZum",
      "links": [
        [
          "perplexed",
          "perplexed"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "puzzlement"
        },
        {
          "word": "bewilderment"
        },
        {
          "word": "confusion"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "obǎrkanost",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "обърканост"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "smuštenie",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "смущение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "kùnhuò",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "困惑"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "mángrán",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "茫然"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "míwǎng",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "迷惘"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "verwardheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "verwarring"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "verbijstering"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "hämmennys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "hämmentyneisyys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "perplexité"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "perplexidade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Perplexität"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "sýnchysi",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "σύγχυση"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "mevukhá",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "מבוכה"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "aincheas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "perplessità"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "alt": "こんわく",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "konwaku",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "困惑"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "alt": "とうわく",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "tōwaku",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "当惑"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "abyrjuşylyq",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "абыржушылық"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "perplexitās"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "rapeka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "mangangatanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "raumaharatanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "sargaštegi",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "سرگشتگی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ambaras"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "perplexitate"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rastérjannostʹ",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "расте́рянность"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zamešátelʹstvo",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "замеша́тельство"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "lobha",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "लोभ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "perplejidad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "şaşkınlık"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "kararsızlık"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "çekimserlik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 1 2",
          "code": "ug",
          "lang": "Uyghur",
          "roman": "zalalet",
          "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
          "word": "زالالەت"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 50 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 53 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 61 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 44 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 57 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 65 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 67 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 66 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 65 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 66 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 66 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 40 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 66 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 65 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Irish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 72 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 72 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 66 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 72 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 45 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 66 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Maori translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 65 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 64 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 66 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 72 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 66 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 54 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 67 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 66 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1942, Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Canongate, published 2006, page 149:",
          "text": "The Emperor, who was by then a focus of unresolvable perplexities, stood providing a strongly contrary appearance.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Something that perplexes."
      ],
      "id": "en-perplexity-en-noun-fZzg10X~",
      "links": [
        [
          "perplex",
          "perplex"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Information theory",
          "orig": "en:Information theory",
          "parents": [
            "Applied mathematics",
            "Mathematics",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 44 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 40 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A measure of how well a probability distribution or model predicts a sample."
      ],
      "id": "en-perplexity-en-noun-Sxm53VaR",
      "links": [
        [
          "information theory",
          "information theory"
        ],
        [
          "measure",
          "measure"
        ],
        [
          "probability distribution",
          "probability distribution"
        ],
        [
          "model",
          "model"
        ],
        [
          "predict",
          "predict"
        ],
        [
          "sample",
          "sample"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(information theory) A measure of how well a probability distribution or model predicts a sample."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "information-theory",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pəˈplɛksɪti/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pəɹˈplɛksəti/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-perplexity.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-perplexity.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-perplexity.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-perplexity.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-perplexity.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "perplexity"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -ity",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Kazakh translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Uyghur translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "perplexite"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English perplexite",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "perplexité"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French perplexité",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perplexitās"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perplexitās",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "perplex",
        "3": "-ity"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, perplex + -ity",
      "name": "surface analysis"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English perplexite, borrowed from Middle French perplexité or post-classical Latin perplexitās, from perplexus (“entangled”). By surface analysis, perplex + -ity.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perplexities",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "perplexity (countable and uncountable, plural perplexities)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The state or quality of being perplexed."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perplexed",
          "perplexed"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "puzzlement"
        },
        {
          "word": "bewilderment"
        },
        {
          "word": "confusion"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1942, Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Canongate, published 2006, page 149:",
          "text": "The Emperor, who was by then a focus of unresolvable perplexities, stood providing a strongly contrary appearance.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Something that perplexes."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perplex",
          "perplex"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Information theory"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A measure of how well a probability distribution or model predicts a sample."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "information theory",
          "information theory"
        ],
        [
          "measure",
          "measure"
        ],
        [
          "probability distribution",
          "probability distribution"
        ],
        [
          "model",
          "model"
        ],
        [
          "predict",
          "predict"
        ],
        [
          "sample",
          "sample"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(information theory) A measure of how well a probability distribution or model predicts a sample."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "information-theory",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pəˈplɛksɪti/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pəɹˈplɛksəti/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-perplexity.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-perplexity.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-perplexity.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-perplexity.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-perplexity.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "obǎrkanost",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "обърканост"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "smuštenie",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "смущение"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "kùnhuò",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "困惑"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "mángrán",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "茫然"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "míwǎng",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "迷惘"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "verwardheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "verwarring"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "verbijstering"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "hämmennys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "hämmentyneisyys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "perplexité"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "perplexidade"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Perplexität"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "sýnchysi",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "σύγχυση"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "mevukhá",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "מבוכה"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "aincheas"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "perplessità"
    },
    {
      "alt": "こんわく",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "konwaku",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "困惑"
    },
    {
      "alt": "とうわく",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "tōwaku",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "当惑"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "abyrjuşylyq",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "абыржушылық"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "perplexitās"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "rapeka"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "mangangatanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "raumaharatanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "sargaštegi",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "سرگشتگی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ambaras"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "perplexitate"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rastérjannostʹ",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "расте́рянность"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zamešátelʹstvo",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "замеша́тельство"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "lobha",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "लोभ"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "perplejidad"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "şaşkınlık"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "kararsızlık"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "çekimserlik"
    },
    {
      "code": "ug",
      "lang": "Uyghur",
      "roman": "zalalet",
      "sense": "state or quality of being perplexed",
      "word": "زالالەت"
    }
  ],
  "word": "perplexity"
}

Download raw JSONL data for perplexity meaning in English (8.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.