"pauper" meaning in English

See pauper in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈpɔː.pə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈpɔ.pɚ/ [US], /ˈpɑ.pɚ/ [cot-caught-merger], /ˈpoː.pə/ [General-Australian] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-pauper.wav Forms: paupers [plural]
Rhymes: -ɔːpə(ɹ) Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”). Originally a legal term. Doublet of poor. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*peh₂w-}}, {{lbor|en|la|pauper|t=poor}} Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”), {{dbt|en|poor}} Doublet of poor Head templates: {{en-noun}} pauper (plural paupers)
  1. One who is extremely poor. Categories (topical): People Synonyms: pauper Translations (one who is extremely poor): πένης (pénēs) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), فَقِير (faqīr) [masculine] (Arabic), жабра́к (žabrák) [masculine] (Belarusian), галя́к (halják) [masculine] (Belarusian), бяда́к (bjadák) [masculine] (Belarusian), бе́дны (bjédny) [masculine] (Belarusian), бедня́к (bednják) [masculine] (Bulgarian), сирома́х (siromáh) [masculine] (Bulgarian), ᎤᏲ ᎢᏳᏛᎿᏕᎩ (uyo iyudvhnadegi) (Cherokee), 窮光蛋 (Chinese Mandarin), 穷光蛋 (qióngguāngdàn) (Chinese Mandarin), 窮鬼 (Chinese Mandarin), 穷鬼 (qióngguǐ) (Chinese Mandarin), chuďas [masculine] (Czech), chudák [masculine] (Czech), fattiglem [neuter] (Danish), fattiglus [common-gender] (Danish), pauper (Dutch), povrulo (Esperanto), malriĉulo (Esperanto), kerjus (Estonian), tyhjätasku (Finnish), keppikerjäläinen (Finnish), rutiköyhä [adjective] (Finnish), pauvre [feminine, masculine] (French), indigent [masculine] (French), Bettelknabe [masculine] (German), Armer [masculine] (German), πένης (pénis) [masculine] (Greek), indigente [feminine, masculine] (Italian), poveraccio [masculine] (Italian), povero [masculine] (Italian), nullatenente [masculine] (Italian), bisognoso [masculine] (Italian), 貧民 (hinmin) (alt: ひんみん) (Japanese), 貧困者 (hinkonsha) (alt: ひんこんしゃ) (Japanese), 貧者 (hinja) (alt: ひんじゃ) (Japanese), 빈자 (binja) (Korean), 빈민 (binmin) (Korean), 극빈자 (geukbinja) (Korean), pauper [feminine, masculine] (Latin), голтар (goltar) [masculine] (Macedonian), pō(w)hara (Maori), fattiglem [neuter] (Norwegian Bokmål), fattiglus [feminine, masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), بدبخت (badbaxt) (Persian), بینوا (bi-navâ) (Persian), biedak [masculine] (Polish), nędzarz [masculine] (Polish), ubogi [masculine] (Polish), żebrak [masculine] (Polish), indigente [feminine, masculine] (Portuguese), ни́щий (níščij) (Russian), бедня́к (bednják) [masculine] (Russian), бе́дный (bédnyj) [masculine] (Russian), неиму́щий (neimúščij) (Russian), нужда́ющийся (nuždájuščijsja) (Russian), сиромах [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), siromah [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), pòviru (english: related to wealth) [masculine] (Sicilian), nullatinenti [masculine] (Sicilian), senzarobba [masculine] (Sicilian), mischinu (english: related to misfortune) [masculine] (Sicilian), mischinazzu [masculine] (Sicilian), puvirazzu [masculine] (Sicilian), disgrazziatu [masculine] (Sicilian), chudák [masculine] (Slovak), revež [masculine] (Slovene), berač [masculine] (Slovene), indigente [feminine, masculine] (Spanish), fukara (Swahili), fattiglapp [common-gender] (Swedish), fattighjon (Swedish), düşkün (Turkish), fukara (Turkish), бідня́к (bidnják) [masculine] (Ukrainian), бі́дний (bídnyj) [masculine] (Ukrainian), па́упер (páuper) [masculine] (Ukrainian), па́впер (pávper) [masculine] (Ukrainian), сірома́ха (siromáxa) [feminine, masculine] (Ukrainian), сірома́ (siromá) [feminine, masculine] (Ukrainian), אָרעמאַן (oreman) [masculine] (Yiddish), אבֿיון (evyen) [masculine] (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-pauper-en-noun-oST0PvfJ Disambiguation of People: 95 4 1 Disambiguation of 'one who is extremely poor': 97 3
  2. One living on or eligible for public charity. Translations (one living on or eligible for public charity): sosiaaliturvan varassa elävä (english: living on charity) (Finnish), sosiaaliturvaan oikeutettu (english: eligible) (Finnish), Unterstützungsempfänger [masculine] (German), άπορος (áporos) [masculine] (Greek), ζητιάνος (zitiános) [masculine] (Greek), indigente [feminine, masculine] (Italian), مستحق (mostahaq) (Persian), نیازمند (niyâzmand) (Persian), pòviru [masculine] (Sicilian), nullatinenti [masculine] (Sicilian), mischinu (english: forms of endearment) [masculine] (Sicilian), mischinazzu [masculine] (Sicilian), puvirazzu [masculine] (Sicilian), disgrazziatu [masculine] (Sicilian)
    Sense id: en-pauper-en-noun-LX5DeF8Z Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Cherokee translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Estonian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Sicilian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swahili translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Yiddish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 20 65 15 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 17 57 26 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 21 64 15 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 64 13 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 20 58 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 19 61 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 22 59 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 21 62 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Cherokee translations: 19 61 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 24 52 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 20 65 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 16 60 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 18 62 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Estonian translations: 27 55 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 22 59 19 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 15 62 23 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 18 62 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 16 59 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 18 61 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 18 61 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 22 59 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 18 61 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 27 55 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 19 61 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 22 59 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 22 58 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 27 55 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 19 59 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 26 52 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 18 61 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 27 56 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Sicilian translations: 22 59 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 27 55 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovene translations: 27 55 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 18 63 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Swahili translations: 19 61 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 21 60 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 21 60 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 22 59 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Yiddish translations: 17 62 22 Disambiguation of 'one living on or eligible for public charity': 5 95
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bankrupt, beggar, indigent, insolvent, have not, lack-all, Lazarus, pauper, penny-father Hypernyms: person Hyponyms: chav, dole bludger [Australia, New-Zealand, pejorative, slang], welfare bum [Canada, US, pejorative, slang], welfare parasite [US, derogatory, slang], welfare queen [Canada, US, pejorative, slang] Derived forms: pauperism, pauperess, pauperize, pauper's funeral, pauper's grave Related terms: pauci-, vagabond, impoverished, poverty

Verb

IPA: /ˈpɔː.pə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈpɔ.pɚ/ [US], /ˈpɑ.pɚ/ [cot-caught-merger], /ˈpoː.pə/ [General-Australian] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-pauper.wav Forms: paupers [present, singular, third-person], paupering [participle, present], paupered [participle, past], paupered [past]
Rhymes: -ɔːpə(ɹ) Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”). Originally a legal term. Doublet of poor. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*peh₂w-}}, {{lbor|en|la|pauper|t=poor}} Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”), {{dbt|en|poor}} Doublet of poor Head templates: {{en-verb}} pauper (third-person singular simple present paupers, present participle paupering, simple past and past participle paupered)
  1. (transitive) To make a pauper of; to drive into poverty. Tags: transitive Categories (topical): Poverty Related terms: in forma pauperis
    Sense id: en-pauper-en-verb-Csivb49X Disambiguation of Poverty: 10 25 65

Inflected forms

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "moneybags"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "plutocrat"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "tycoon"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pauperism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pauperess"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pauperize"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pauper's funeral"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pauper's grave"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₂w-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pauper",
        "t": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”)",
      "name": "lbor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of poor",
      "name": "dbt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”). Originally a legal term. Doublet of poor.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "paupers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pauper (plural paupers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "person"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "chav"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "New-Zealand",
        "pejorative",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "dole bludger"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US",
        "pejorative",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "welfare bum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "derogatory",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "welfare parasite"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US",
        "pejorative",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "welfare queen"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pauci-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "vagabond"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "impoverished"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "poverty"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "95 4 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1991, Art Spiegelman, Maus I: My Father Bleeds History, New York: Pantheon Books, page 132:",
          "text": "He has hundreds of thousands of dollars in the bank, and he lives like a pauper!",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who is extremely poor."
      ],
      "id": "en-pauper-en-noun-oST0PvfJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pauper"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "faqīr",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "فَقِير"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "žabrák",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "жабра́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "halják",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "галя́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "bjadák",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "бяда́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "bjédny",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "бе́дны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "bednják",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "бедня́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "siromáh",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "сирома́х"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "chr",
          "lang": "Cherokee",
          "roman": "uyo iyudvhnadegi",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "ᎤᏲ ᎢᏳᏛᎿᏕᎩ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "窮光蛋"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "qióngguāngdàn",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "穷光蛋"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "窮鬼"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "qióngguǐ",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "穷鬼"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "chuďas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "chudák"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "fattiglem"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "fattiglus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "pauper"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "povrulo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "malriĉulo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "kerjus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "tyhjätasku"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "keppikerjäläinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "rutiköyhä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pauvre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "indigent"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Bettelknabe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Armer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "pénis",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "πένης"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "pénēs",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "πένης"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "indigente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "poveraccio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "povero"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "nullatenente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bisognoso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "alt": "ひんみん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "hinmin",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "貧民"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "alt": "ひんこんしゃ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "hinkonsha",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "貧困者"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "alt": "ひんじゃ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "hinja",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "貧者"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "binja",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "빈자"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "binmin",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "빈민"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "geukbinja",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "극빈자"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pauper"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "goltar",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "голтар"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "pō(w)hara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "fattiglem"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "fattiglus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "badbaxt",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "بدبخت"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "bi-navâ",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "بینوا"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "biedak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "nędzarz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ubogi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "żebrak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "indigente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "níščij",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "ни́щий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "bednják",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "бедня́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "bédnyj",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "бе́дный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "neimúščij",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "неиму́щий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "nuždájuščijsja",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "нужда́ющийся"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "сиромах"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "siromah"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "scn",
          "english": "related to wealth",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pòviru"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "nullatinenti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "senzarobba"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "scn",
          "english": "related to misfortune",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mischinu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mischinazzu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "puvirazzu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "disgrazziatu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "chudák"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "revež"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "berač"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "indigente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sw",
          "lang": "Swahili",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "fukara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "fattiglapp"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "fattighjon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "düşkün"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "word": "fukara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "bidnják",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "бідня́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "bídnyj",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "бі́дний"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "páuper",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "па́упер"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "pávper",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "па́впер"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "siromáxa",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "сірома́ха"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "siromá",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "сірома́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "oreman",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "אָרעמאַן"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "evyen",
          "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "אבֿיון"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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          "_dis": "20 65 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
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        {
          "_dis": "17 57 26",
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          "_dis": "21 62 18",
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          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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          "_dis": "19 61 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Cherokee translations",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 52 24",
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          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "20 65 16",
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          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
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          "_dis": "16 60 23",
          "kind": "other",
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          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
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          "name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
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          "_dis": "15 62 23",
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          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 61 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
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          "_dis": "22 59 19",
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        {
          "_dis": "18 61 20",
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          "_dis": "22 59 19",
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        {
          "_dis": "22 58 20",
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          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "27 55 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "19 59 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 52 22",
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          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "18 61 20",
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          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "27 56 17",
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        {
          "_dis": "22 59 19",
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          "name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "27 55 17",
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          "name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "27 55 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 63 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "19 61 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 60 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "21 60 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "22 59 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
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          "name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One living on or eligible for public charity."
      ],
      "id": "en-pauper-en-noun-LX5DeF8Z",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "living on charity",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "word": "sosiaaliturvan varassa elävä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "eligible",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "word": "sosiaaliturvaan oikeutettu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Unterstützungsempfänger"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "áporos",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "άπορος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "zitiános",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ζητιάνος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "indigente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "mostahaq",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "word": "مستحق"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "niyâzmand",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "word": "نیازمند"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pòviru"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "nullatinenti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "scn",
          "english": "forms of endearment",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mischinu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mischinazzu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "puvirazzu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "disgrazziatu"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɔː.pə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɔ.pɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɑ.pɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-pauper.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "popper (cot–caught merger)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpoː.pə/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːpə(ɹ)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "bankrupt"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "beggar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "indigent"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "insolvent"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "have not"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "lack-all"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "Lazarus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "pauper"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "penny-father"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pauper"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₂w-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pauper",
        "t": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”)",
      "name": "lbor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of poor",
      "name": "dbt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”). Originally a legal term. Doublet of poor.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "paupers",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "paupering",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "paupered",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "paupered",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pauper (third-person singular simple present paupers, present participle paupering, simple past and past participle paupered)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 25 65",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Poverty",
          "orig": "en:Poverty",
          "parents": [
            "Wealth",
            "Economics",
            "Social sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2017, Naomi Rawlings, Love's Christmas Hope:",
          "text": "“There's no sense in you paupering yourself because you're too stubborn to take my money.”",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make a pauper of; to drive into poverty."
      ],
      "id": "en-pauper-en-verb-Csivb49X",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make a pauper of; to drive into poverty."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "in forma pauperis"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɔː.pə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɔ.pɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɑ.pɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-pauper.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "popper (cot–caught merger)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpoː.pə/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːpə(ɹ)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pauper"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "moneybags"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "plutocrat"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "tycoon"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English learned borrowings from Latin",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂w-",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Dutch translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːpə(ɹ)",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːpə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Cherokee translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Sicilian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swahili translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Yiddish translations",
    "en:People",
    "en:Poverty"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "pauperism"
    },
    {
      "word": "pauperess"
    },
    {
      "word": "pauperize"
    },
    {
      "word": "pauper's funeral"
    },
    {
      "word": "pauper's grave"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₂w-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pauper",
        "t": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”)",
      "name": "lbor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of poor",
      "name": "dbt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”). Originally a legal term. Doublet of poor.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "paupers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pauper (plural paupers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "person"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "chav"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "New-Zealand",
        "pejorative",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "dole bludger"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US",
        "pejorative",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "welfare bum"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "derogatory",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "welfare parasite"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US",
        "pejorative",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "welfare queen"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "pauci-"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "vagabond"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "impoverished"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "poverty"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1991, Art Spiegelman, Maus I: My Father Bleeds History, New York: Pantheon Books, page 132:",
          "text": "He has hundreds of thousands of dollars in the bank, and he lives like a pauper!",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who is extremely poor."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pauper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "One living on or eligible for public charity."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɔː.pə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɔ.pɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɑ.pɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-pauper.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "popper (cot–caught merger)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpoː.pə/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːpə(ɹ)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "bankrupt"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "beggar"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "indigent"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "insolvent"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "have not"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "lack-all"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "Lazarus"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "pauper"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pauper",
      "word": "penny-father"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "faqīr",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "فَقِير"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "žabrák",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "жабра́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "halják",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "галя́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "bjadák",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бяда́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "bjédny",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бе́дны"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "bednják",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бедня́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "siromáh",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "сирома́х"
    },
    {
      "code": "chr",
      "lang": "Cherokee",
      "roman": "uyo iyudvhnadegi",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "ᎤᏲ ᎢᏳᏛᎿᏕᎩ"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "窮光蛋"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "qióngguāngdàn",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "穷光蛋"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "窮鬼"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "qióngguǐ",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "穷鬼"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "chuďas"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "chudák"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "fattiglem"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "fattiglus"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "pauper"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "povrulo"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "malriĉulo"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "kerjus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "tyhjätasku"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "keppikerjäläinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "rutiköyhä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pauvre"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "indigent"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bettelknabe"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Armer"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "pénis",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πένης"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "pénēs",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πένης"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "indigente"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "poveraccio"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "povero"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "nullatenente"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bisognoso"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ひんみん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "hinmin",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "貧民"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ひんこんしゃ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "hinkonsha",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "貧困者"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ひんじゃ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "hinja",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "貧者"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "binja",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "빈자"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "binmin",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "빈민"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "geukbinja",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "극빈자"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pauper"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "goltar",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "голтар"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "pō(w)hara"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "fattiglem"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fattiglus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "badbaxt",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "بدبخت"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "bi-navâ",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "بینوا"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "biedak"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "nędzarz"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ubogi"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "żebrak"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "indigente"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "níščij",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "ни́щий"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "bednják",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бедня́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "bédnyj",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бе́дный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "neimúščij",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "неиму́щий"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "nuždájuščijsja",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "нужда́ющийся"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "сиромах"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "siromah"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "english": "related to wealth",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pòviru"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "nullatinenti"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "senzarobba"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "english": "related to misfortune",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mischinu"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mischinazzu"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "puvirazzu"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "disgrazziatu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "chudák"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "revež"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "berač"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "indigente"
    },
    {
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "fukara"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "fattiglapp"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "fattighjon"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "düşkün"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "word": "fukara"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "bidnják",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бідня́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "bídnyj",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бі́дний"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "páuper",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "па́упер"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "pávper",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "па́впер"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "siromáxa",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "сірома́ха"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "siromá",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "сірома́"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "oreman",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "אָרעמאַן"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "evyen",
      "sense": "one who is extremely poor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "אבֿיון"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "living on charity",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "word": "sosiaaliturvan varassa elävä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "eligible",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "word": "sosiaaliturvaan oikeutettu"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Unterstützungsempfänger"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "áporos",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "άπορος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "zitiános",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ζητιάνος"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "indigente"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "mostahaq",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "word": "مستحق"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "niyâzmand",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "word": "نیازمند"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pòviru"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "nullatinenti"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "english": "forms of endearment",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mischinu"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mischinazzu"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "puvirazzu"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "one living on or eligible for public charity",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "disgrazziatu"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pauper"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English learned borrowings from Latin",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂w-",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Dutch translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːpə(ɹ)",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːpə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Cherokee translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Sicilian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swahili translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Yiddish translations",
    "en:People",
    "en:Poverty"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₂w-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pauper",
        "t": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”)",
      "name": "lbor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of poor",
      "name": "dbt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”). Originally a legal term. Doublet of poor.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "paupers",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "paupering",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "paupered",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "paupered",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pauper (third-person singular simple present paupers, present participle paupering, simple past and past participle paupered)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "in forma pauperis"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2017, Naomi Rawlings, Love's Christmas Hope:",
          "text": "“There's no sense in you paupering yourself because you're too stubborn to take my money.”",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make a pauper of; to drive into poverty."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make a pauper of; to drive into poverty."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɔː.pə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɔ.pɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɑ.pɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-pauper.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-pauper.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "popper (cot–caught merger)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpoː.pə/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːpə(ɹ)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pauper"
}

Download raw JSONL data for pauper meaning in English (21.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.