"lolita" meaning in English

See lolita in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ləʊlˈli.tə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /loʊlˈli.tə/ [General-American], /ləlˈli.tə/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-lolita.ogg Forms: lolitas [plural]
Etymology: From the title character, Dolores “Lolita” Haze, of Vladimir Nabokov's 1955 novel Lolita. Head templates: {{en-noun}} lolita (plural lolitas)
  1. A young girl who is sexually alluring. Synonyms: jailbait, nymph, nymphet, nymphette Translations (sexually alluring girl): 蘿莉 (Chinese Mandarin), 萝莉 (luólì) (Chinese Mandarin), lolita [feminine] (Czech), lolita [common-gender] (Danish), lolita (Finnish), Frühreifes Mädchen (German), λολίτα (lolíta) [feminine] (Greek), νυμφίδιο (nymfídio) [neuter] (Greek), ロリ (rori) (Japanese), 로리 (rori) (Korean), lolita [feminine] (Portuguese), Лоли́та (Lolíta) [feminine] (Russian), лоли́та (lolíta) [feminine] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-lolita-en-noun-gtJrIhxZ Disambiguation of 'sexually alluring girl': 96 4
  2. (fashion) A follower of Lolita fashion. Categories (topical): Fashion
    Sense id: en-lolita-en-noun-sJbZ0Nw8 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 21 79 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 10 90 Disambiguation of Pages with 7 entries: 13 58 5 17 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 66 3 11 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 32 68 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 21 79 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 18 82 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 16 84 Topics: fashion, lifestyle
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Hypernyms: beautiful woman, girl, promiscuous woman Derived forms: Gothic Lolita, lolicon, Lolitaesque, Sweet Lolita
Synonyms: biddy [uncommon], filly [dated], gaolbait [rare, slang], gamine, jailbait [slang], jail bait [slang], jail-bait [slang], loli [informal], lolita, nymph, nymphe [archaic, rare], nymphet, nymphette, prostitot [Canada, US, derogatory, slang], prosti-tot [Canada, US, derogatory, slang], PYT, sweet young thing Related terms: lass, lassie, paedophilia, pedophilia, paedophile, pedophile, chit, hussy, kinderwhore [derogatory, idiomatic, vulgar], minx, poppet, quiff [slang], randy

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Gothic Lolita"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lolicon"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Lolitaesque"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Sweet Lolita"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the title character, Dolores “Lolita” Haze, of Vladimir Nabokov's 1955 novel Lolita.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lolitas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lolita (plural lolitas)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "beautiful woman"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "girl"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "promiscuous woman"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lass"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lassie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "paedophilia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pedophilia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "paedophile"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pedophile"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "chit"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "hussy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "idiomatic",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "kinderwhore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "minx"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "poppet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "quiff"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "randy"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A young girl who is sexually alluring."
      ],
      "id": "en-lolita-en-noun-gtJrIhxZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "young",
          "young"
        ],
        [
          "girl",
          "girl"
        ],
        [
          "sexually",
          "sexually"
        ],
        [
          "alluring",
          "alluring"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "jailbait"
        },
        {
          "word": "nymph"
        },
        {
          "word": "nymphet"
        },
        {
          "word": "nymphette"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "word": "蘿莉"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "luólì",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "word": "萝莉"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lolita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "lolita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "word": "lolita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "word": "Frühreifes Mädchen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "lolíta",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "λολίτα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "nymfídio",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "νυμφίδιο"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "rori",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "word": "ロリ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "rori",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "word": "로리"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lolita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "Lolíta",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Лоли́та"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "lolíta",
          "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "лоли́та"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Fashion",
          "orig": "en:Fashion",
          "parents": [
            "Clothing",
            "Culture",
            "Human",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 58 5 17 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 7 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 66 3 11 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Korean translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A follower of Lolita fashion."
      ],
      "id": "en-lolita-en-noun-sJbZ0Nw8",
      "links": [
        [
          "fashion",
          "fashion"
        ],
        [
          "follower",
          "follower"
        ],
        [
          "Lolita fashion",
          "Lolita fashion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(fashion) A follower of Lolita fashion."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "fashion",
        "lifestyle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ləʊlˈli.tə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loʊlˈli.tə/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ləlˈli.tə/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-lolita.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-lolita.ogg/En-us-lolita.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-lolita.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "uncommon"
      ],
      "word": "biddy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "word": "filly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "gaolbait"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "gamine"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "jailbait"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "jail bait"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "jail-bait"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ],
      "word": "loli"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "lolita"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "nymph"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "nymphe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "nymphet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "nymphette"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US",
        "derogatory",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "prostitot"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US",
        "derogatory",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "prosti-tot"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "PYT"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "sweet young thing"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Lolita",
    "Vladimir Nabokov"
  ],
  "word": "lolita"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English eponyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Gothic Lolita"
    },
    {
      "word": "lolicon"
    },
    {
      "word": "Lolitaesque"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sweet Lolita"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the title character, Dolores “Lolita” Haze, of Vladimir Nabokov's 1955 novel Lolita.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lolitas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lolita (plural lolitas)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "beautiful woman"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "girl"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "promiscuous woman"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "lass"
    },
    {
      "word": "lassie"
    },
    {
      "word": "paedophilia"
    },
    {
      "word": "pedophilia"
    },
    {
      "word": "paedophile"
    },
    {
      "word": "pedophile"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "chit"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "hussy"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "idiomatic",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "kinderwhore"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "minx"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "poppet"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "quiff"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "randy"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A young girl who is sexually alluring."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "young",
          "young"
        ],
        [
          "girl",
          "girl"
        ],
        [
          "sexually",
          "sexually"
        ],
        [
          "alluring",
          "alluring"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "jailbait"
        },
        {
          "word": "nymph"
        },
        {
          "word": "nymphet"
        },
        {
          "word": "nymphette"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Fashion"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A follower of Lolita fashion."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fashion",
          "fashion"
        ],
        [
          "follower",
          "follower"
        ],
        [
          "Lolita fashion",
          "Lolita fashion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(fashion) A follower of Lolita fashion."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "fashion",
        "lifestyle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ləʊlˈli.tə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/loʊlˈli.tə/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ləlˈli.tə/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-lolita.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-lolita.ogg/En-us-lolita.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-lolita.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "uncommon"
      ],
      "word": "biddy"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "word": "filly"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "gaolbait"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "gamine"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "jailbait"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "jail bait"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "jail-bait"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ],
      "word": "loli"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "lolita"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "nymph"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "nymphe"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "nymphet"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "nymphette"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US",
        "derogatory",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "prostitot"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US",
        "derogatory",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "prosti-tot"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "PYT"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:lolita",
      "word": "sweet young thing"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "word": "蘿莉"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "luólì",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "word": "萝莉"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lolita"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "lolita"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "word": "lolita"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "word": "Frühreifes Mädchen"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "lolíta",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "λολίτα"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "nymfídio",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "νυμφίδιο"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "rori",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "word": "ロリ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "rori",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "word": "로리"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lolita"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "Lolíta",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Лоли́та"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "lolíta",
      "sense": "sexually alluring girl",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "лоли́та"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Lolita",
    "Vladimir Nabokov"
  ],
  "word": "lolita"
}

Download raw JSONL data for lolita meaning in English (5.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.