See firmament in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for firmament meaning in English (35.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "firmamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "firmamentary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "firmament-wards"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unfirmamented"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "From <span class=\"cited-source\">Petrus Apianus, Gemma Frisius (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1539) <cite>Petri Apiani cosmographia, per Gemmam Phrysium, apud Louanienses medicum ac mathematicum insignem, restituta: additis de adem re ipsius Gemmae Phry. libellis, ut sequens pagina docet</cite>, Antwerp: In pingui gallina Arnoldo Berckma[n]no [Arnold Birckmann], <small>→OCLC</small></span></span>.",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "firmament"
},
"expansion": "Middle English firmament",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "furmament",
"t": "heaven; sky"
},
"expansion": "furmament (“heaven; sky”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "firmament",
"t": "firmament"
},
"expansion": "Old French firmament (“firmament”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmāmentum",
"t": "support; sky"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmāmentum (“support; sky”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmāre",
"t": "to strengthen"
},
"expansion": "firmāre (“to strengthen”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-mentum",
"pos": "suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of an action"
},
"expansion": "-mentum (suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of an action)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmō",
"t": "to make firm, strengthen"
},
"expansion": "firmō (“to make firm, strengthen”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus",
"t": "firm, strong, stable"
},
"expansion": "firmus (“firm, strong, stable”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-",
"t": "to hold; to support"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold; to support”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στερέωμα",
"t": "foundation, framework; firmament"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στερέωμα (steréōma, “foundation, framework; firmament”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "רָקִיעַ",
"t": "celestial dome, vault of heaven",
"tr": "rāqī́aʿ"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew רָקִיעַ (rāqī́aʿ, “celestial dome, vault of heaven”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "ר־ק־ע",
"tr": "r-q-`"
},
"expansion": "ר־ק־ע (r-q-`)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܪ-ܩ-ܥ",
"tr": "r-q-ʿ"
},
"expansion": "ܪ-ܩ-ܥ (r-q-ʿ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ܪ",
"2": "ܩ",
"3": "ܥ"
},
"expansion": "ܪ-ܩ-ܥ (r-q-ʿ)",
"name": "syc-root-entry"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܪܩܝܥܐ",
"t": "compact; firm; firmament, heavens, sky; celestial sphere",
"tr": "rəqīʿā"
},
"expansion": "ܪܩܝܥܐ (rəqīʿā, “compact; firm; firmament, heavens, sky; celestial sphere”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English firmament, furmament (“heaven; sky”), from Old French firmament (“firmament”), or from its etymon Latin firmāmentum (“support; sky”), from\nfirmāre (“to strengthen”) + -mentum (suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of an action). Firmāre is the present active infinitive of firmō (“to make firm, strengthen”), from firmus (“firm, strong, stable”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold; to support”).\nThe Latin word was used in the Vulgate version of the Bible to translate the\nAncient Greek στερέωμα (steréōma, “foundation, framework; firmament”) in the Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), which in turn was used to translate the Hebrew רָקִיעַ (rāqī́aʿ, “celestial dome, vault of heaven”), from the root ר־ק־ע (r-q-`); in Classical Syriac the similar root ܪ-ܩ-ܥ (r-q-ʿ) (related to compacting) gave rise to ܪܩܝܥܐ (rəqīʿā, “compact; firm; firmament, heavens, sky; celestial sphere”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "firmaments",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "firmament (countable and uncountable, plural firmaments)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fir‧ma‧ment"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1609, Everie VVoman in Her Humor, London: […] E[dward] A[llde] for Thomas Archer, […], →OCLC; reprinted as John S. Farmer, editor, Every Woman in Her Humor (The Tudor Facsimile Texts), [Amersham, Buckinghamshire]: [John S. Farmer] […], 1913, →OCLC",
"text": "Now to ye all, be firmaments to ſtars, / Be ſtars to Firmaments, and as you are / Splendent, ſo be fixed, not wandring, nor / Irregular, both keeping courſe together, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1825 January, H. G. B., “The Bride of Parma”, in The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany; […], volume XVI, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC, page 68, column 2",
"text": "And far above the gentle moon sails on / Through the blue firmament. It is a scene / That gives that spot of earth the air of Heav'n!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1831, James Bell, “[Chinese Empire.] Chapter IV.”, in A System of Geography, Popular and Scientific, […], volume V, Glasgow: Archibald Fullarton and Co. and Blackie and Son; […], →OCLC, page 34",
"text": "Some of his [Confucius's] philosophical principles are, [...] that the cause or principle of things must have had a co-existence with the things themselves; [...] and that the central point of influence, from which this cause chiefly acts, is the blue firmament (tien), whence its emanations are spread over the universe; [...] the sun, moon, stars, and elements, are considered also as composing the firmament, or Teen, as the immediate agents of the Deity, and as the productive powers in creation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001 December, J. Robert King, “Who are We?”, in Brian Thomsen, editor, Lancelot du Lethe, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, page 229",
"text": "On its far side, on the very horizon of the world, stood purple mountains, so tall and sharp that they bridged the firmaments.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Barbara Kingsolver, “Small Wonder”, in Small Wonder: Essays, New York, N.Y.: HarperCollins, published 2009",
"text": "The feeling I dread the most is not fear but despair—the dim, oppressive sense that the more things change, the more they stay the same; that each of us with a frozen heart \"like an old-stone savage armed\" will continue to move in darkness, lifting boulders, patrolling the firmaments of divisive anger.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Alexander Miller, “The Development of Theories of Meaning: From Frege to McDowell and Beyond”, in Michael Beaney, editor, The Oxford Handbook of the History of Analytic Philosophy, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, part II (The Development of Analytic Philosophy), page 658",
"text": "[...] 'The Morning Star' and 'The Evening Star' have the same celestial object as Bedeutung, but present that object in different ways, perhaps in one case as the object that appears in such and such a place in the morning firmament and in the other as the object that appears in such and such a place in the evening firmament.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vault of the heavens, where the clouds, sun, moon, and stars can be seen; the heavens, the sky."
],
"id": "en-firmament-en-noun-LPKM2JoH",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"vault",
"vault#Noun"
],
[
"heavens",
"heavens#Noun"
],
[
"cloud",
"cloud#Noun"
],
[
"sun",
"sun#Noun"
],
[
"moon",
"moon#Noun"
],
[
"stars",
"star#Noun"
],
[
"seen",
"see#Verb"
],
[
"sky",
"sky#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually uncountable, literary, poetic, also figuratively) The vault of the heavens, where the clouds, sun, moon, and stars can be seen; the heavens, the sky."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "lift"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic"
],
"word": "welkin"
}
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"literary",
"poetic",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the international fashion firmament",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Michael Schaller, “Japan: From Enemy to Ally, 1945–50”, in Altered States: The United States and Japan since the Occupation, New York, N.Y., Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, page 7",
"text": "Europe dominated foreign policy concerns, followed by the Near East and China, where General George C[atlett] Marshall tried, in vain, to mediate a civil war. Japan glowed dimly in the foreign policy firmament.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Shannon Wiley, “Introduction”, in Seaford, Delaware (Images of America), Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, published 2001, page 8",
"text": "By this time, Seaford was a town of 2,000 people, and, in the next decade, the poultry industry became a rising star in the firmament of economic growth as new housing and feeding techniques were introduced.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Adrienne L. McLean, “A Channel for Progress: Theatrical Dance, Popular Culture, and (The) American Ballet”, in Dying Swans and Madmen: Ballet, the Body, and Narrative Cinema, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, page 40",
"text": "She [Anna Pavlova] provided articulate, well-thought-out and educational interviews and articles from her first appearances in which she would lay out her life story, the course of her training, the place of ballet in the European and Russian artistic firmaments.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The field or sphere of an activity or interest."
],
"id": "en-firmament-en-noun-RcDRqty0",
"links": [
[
"field",
"field#Noun"
],
[
"sphere",
"sphere"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"interest",
"interest#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) The field or sphere of an activity or interest."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 49 37 1 8 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "field or sphere of an activity or interest — see also field, sphere",
"word": "ala"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 49 37 1 8 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "steréoma",
"sense": "field or sphere of an activity or interest — see also field, sphere",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στερέωμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 49 37 1 8 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "field or sphere of an activity or interest — see also field, sphere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmamento"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "en:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 50 1 32 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 46 2 27 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 37 8 21 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English nouns suffixed with -ment",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 50 5 21 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ment",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 66 1 16 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Obsolete scientific theories",
"orig": "en:Obsolete scientific theories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 37 50 2 5 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sphere",
"orig": "en:Sphere",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 76 1 9 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "en:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 79 1 8 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cosmology",
"orig": "en:Cosmology",
"parents": [
"Astronomy",
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1715, H[enry] Curson, “A Cosmographical Introduction to the Geographical Description of the World”, in A New Description of the World. […], 2nd edition, […] Benj[amin] Barker, […], →OCLC",
"text": "The World Cœlestial. Containing 11 Sphæres or Heavens, ſay the Theologians and Aſtronomers. [...] Theſe are called the Primum Mobile, the Chriſtaline Heaven, the Firmament adorned with the Fixed Stars, and the Heavens of the Seven Planets.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the geocentric Ptolemaic system, the eighth celestial sphere which carried the fixed stars; (countable, by extension) any celestial sphere."
],
"id": "en-firmament-en-noun-N7SNoYno",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"geocentric",
"geocentric"
],
[
"Ptolemaic system",
"Ptolemaic system"
],
[
"eighth",
"eighth"
],
[
"celestial sphere",
"celestial sphere"
],
[
"carried",
"carry"
],
[
"fixed star",
"fixed star"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, astronomy, historical) In the geocentric Ptolemaic system, the eighth celestial sphere which carried the fixed stars; (countable, by extension) any celestial sphere."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bible",
"orig": "en:Bible",
"parents": [
"Books",
"Christianity",
"Judaism",
"Literature",
"Mass media",
"Abrahamism",
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Media",
"Religion",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The abode of God and the angels; heaven."
],
"id": "en-firmament-en-noun-DORfwK8b",
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
],
[
"abode",
"abode"
],
[
"God",
"God"
],
[
"angel",
"angel"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete except biblical",
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete except biblical) The abode of God and the angels; heaven."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1690, [Mary Evelyn], “A Voyage to Marryland; or, The Ladies Dressing-room”, in [John Evelyn], editor, Mundus Muliebris: Or, The Ladies Dressing-room Unlock’d, and Her Toilette Spread. […], London: […] R[ichard] Bentley […], →OCLC; reprinted Saint Peter Port, Guernsey: The Toucan Press, 1978, page 7",
"text": "Pins tipt with Diamond Point, and head, / By which the Curls are faſtened, / In radiant Firmament ſet out, / And all over the Hood ſur-tout: [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "[1690, [Mary Evelyn], “The Fop-dictionary. […]”, in [John Evelyn], editor, Mundus Muliebris: Or, The Ladies Dressing-room Unlock’d, and Her Toilette Spread. […], London: […] R[ichard] Bentley […], →OCLC; reprinted Saint Peter Port, Guernsey: The Toucan Press, 1978, page 18",
"text": "Firmament. Diamonds, or other precious Stones heading the Pins which they stick into the Tour, and Hair, like Stars.]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A piece of jewellery worn in a headdress with numerous gems resembling stars in the sky."
],
"id": "en-firmament-en-noun-1J1MiuXj",
"links": [
[
"piece",
"piece#Noun"
],
[
"jewellery",
"jewellery"
],
[
"worn",
"wear#Verb"
],
[
"headdress",
"headdress"
],
[
"numerous",
"numerous"
],
[
"gem",
"gem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete) A piece of jewellery worn in a headdress with numerous gems resembling stars in the sky."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 January 25, Josh Brown, “Perhaps I’ve Been a Bit too Harsh …”, in Wealth Manager Blog, The Wall Street Journal, archived from the original on 2013-12-08",
"text": "Ten years ago, the Wall Street wirehouse brokerage firm seemed unassailable – part of the very firmament underpinning the entire investment industry from coast to coast.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A basis or foundation; a support."
],
"id": "en-firmament-en-noun-dhujzIvc",
"links": [
[
"basis",
"basis"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
],
[
"support",
"support#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete, also figuratively) A basis or foundation; a support."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"countable",
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The act or process of making firm or strengthening."
],
"id": "en-firmament-en-noun-Nmg4dYv9",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"process",
"process#Noun"
],
[
"making",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"firm",
"firm#Adjective"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete) The act or process of making firm or strengthening."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɜːməm(ə)nt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɝməmənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-firmament.mp3",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/En-us-firmament.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/En-us-firmament.mp3/En-us-firmament.mp3.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "sämay",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ሰማይ"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "raqīʕ",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "رَقِيع"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "samāʔ",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سماء"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "arc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "רקיעא"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac"
],
"word": "ܪܩܝܥܐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "čaxarak",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "ճախարակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkinkʿ",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "երկինք"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erknakamar",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "երկնակամար"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "kük kömbəźe",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "күк көмбәҙе"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nebosvod",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "небосвод"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "蒼穹"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cāngqióng",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "苍穹"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "蒼天"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cāngtiān",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "苍天"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hàotiān",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "昊天"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hàotiān",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "皓天"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "穹蒼"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qióngcāng, qiōngcāng",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "穹苍"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qióngyǔ, qiōngyǔ",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "穹宇"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tiānkōng",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "天空"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "霄漢"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiāohàn",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "霄汉"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "nebeská klenba"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "nebeská báň"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "gespan"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hemelgespan"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hemelgewelf"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "uitspansel"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "firmaĵo"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "taevalaotus"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "taevavõlv"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "ilmankansi"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "taivaankansi"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "gez",
"lang": "Ge'ez",
"roman": "sämay",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "ሰማይ"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ca",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "ცა"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Firmament"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Feste"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "steréoma",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary",
"neuter"
],
"word": "στερέωμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "lani"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "raki'a",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "רקיע"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "siélo"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "andlangur"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "festing"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "himinhvel"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "himinhvolf"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "himinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "cakrawala"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "neamh"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"alt": "きゅうそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyūsō",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "穹蒼"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"alt": "おおぞら",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ōzora",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "大空"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"alt": "てんくう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tenkū",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "天空"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "meik",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "មេឃ"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"alt": "蒼空",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "changgong",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "창공"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"roman": "firmamento",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "פירמאמינטו"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "firmāmentum"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "debesjums"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nébosvod",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "не́босвод"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nébesen svod",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "не́бесен свод"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "lüft"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "na",
"lang": "Nauruan",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "albmẹassi"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hvelving"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "himmelhvelv"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "himmelkvelv"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "tvrĭdělĭ",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тврьдѣль"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "lyft"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "staþol"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "uprodor"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "falak",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "فلک"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nieboskłon"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "alturas"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nebésnyj svod",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "небе́сный свод"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nebosvód",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "небосво́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tverdʹ",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"poetic"
],
"word": "твердь"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "aśman",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अश्मन्"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iarmailt"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "не̏бо"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ша̑р"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "nȅbo"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "šȃr"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fäste"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "himlavalv"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "santinakpan"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "vāṉam",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "வானம்"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "ti",
"lang": "Tigrinya",
"roman": "sämay",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "ሰማይ"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "xto",
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "eprer"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "felek"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "gökyüzü"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "tverdʹ nebesna",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "твердь небесна"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "bầu trời"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "wym",
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "fjyrmament"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "entrych nef"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "entrych nen"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 2 33 10 13 1 2",
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"class-3"
],
"word": "uḿkhathí"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Septuagint",
"Vulgate"
],
"word": "firmament"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns suffixed with -ment",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ment",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Astronomy",
"en:Cosmology",
"en:Obsolete scientific theories",
"en:Sphere"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "firmamental"
},
{
"word": "firmamentary"
},
{
"word": "firmament-wards"
},
{
"word": "unfirmamented"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "From <span class=\"cited-source\">Petrus Apianus, Gemma Frisius (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1539) <cite>Petri Apiani cosmographia, per Gemmam Phrysium, apud Louanienses medicum ac mathematicum insignem, restituta: additis de adem re ipsius Gemmae Phry. libellis, ut sequens pagina docet</cite>, Antwerp: In pingui gallina Arnoldo Berckma[n]no [Arnold Birckmann], <small>→OCLC</small></span></span>.",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "firmament"
},
"expansion": "Middle English firmament",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "furmament",
"t": "heaven; sky"
},
"expansion": "furmament (“heaven; sky”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "firmament",
"t": "firmament"
},
"expansion": "Old French firmament (“firmament”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmāmentum",
"t": "support; sky"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmāmentum (“support; sky”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmāre",
"t": "to strengthen"
},
"expansion": "firmāre (“to strengthen”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-mentum",
"pos": "suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of an action"
},
"expansion": "-mentum (suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of an action)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmō",
"t": "to make firm, strengthen"
},
"expansion": "firmō (“to make firm, strengthen”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus",
"t": "firm, strong, stable"
},
"expansion": "firmus (“firm, strong, stable”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-",
"t": "to hold; to support"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold; to support”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στερέωμα",
"t": "foundation, framework; firmament"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στερέωμα (steréōma, “foundation, framework; firmament”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "רָקִיעַ",
"t": "celestial dome, vault of heaven",
"tr": "rāqī́aʿ"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew רָקִיעַ (rāqī́aʿ, “celestial dome, vault of heaven”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "ר־ק־ע",
"tr": "r-q-`"
},
"expansion": "ר־ק־ע (r-q-`)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܪ-ܩ-ܥ",
"tr": "r-q-ʿ"
},
"expansion": "ܪ-ܩ-ܥ (r-q-ʿ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ܪ",
"2": "ܩ",
"3": "ܥ"
},
"expansion": "ܪ-ܩ-ܥ (r-q-ʿ)",
"name": "syc-root-entry"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܪܩܝܥܐ",
"t": "compact; firm; firmament, heavens, sky; celestial sphere",
"tr": "rəqīʿā"
},
"expansion": "ܪܩܝܥܐ (rəqīʿā, “compact; firm; firmament, heavens, sky; celestial sphere”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English firmament, furmament (“heaven; sky”), from Old French firmament (“firmament”), or from its etymon Latin firmāmentum (“support; sky”), from\nfirmāre (“to strengthen”) + -mentum (suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of an action). Firmāre is the present active infinitive of firmō (“to make firm, strengthen”), from firmus (“firm, strong, stable”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold; to support”).\nThe Latin word was used in the Vulgate version of the Bible to translate the\nAncient Greek στερέωμα (steréōma, “foundation, framework; firmament”) in the Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), which in turn was used to translate the Hebrew רָקִיעַ (rāqī́aʿ, “celestial dome, vault of heaven”), from the root ר־ק־ע (r-q-`); in Classical Syriac the similar root ܪ-ܩ-ܥ (r-q-ʿ) (related to compacting) gave rise to ܪܩܝܥܐ (rəqīʿā, “compact; firm; firmament, heavens, sky; celestial sphere”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "firmaments",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "firmament (countable and uncountable, plural firmaments)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fir‧ma‧ment"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1609, Everie VVoman in Her Humor, London: […] E[dward] A[llde] for Thomas Archer, […], →OCLC; reprinted as John S. Farmer, editor, Every Woman in Her Humor (The Tudor Facsimile Texts), [Amersham, Buckinghamshire]: [John S. Farmer] […], 1913, →OCLC",
"text": "Now to ye all, be firmaments to ſtars, / Be ſtars to Firmaments, and as you are / Splendent, ſo be fixed, not wandring, nor / Irregular, both keeping courſe together, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1825 January, H. G. B., “The Bride of Parma”, in The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany; […], volume XVI, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC, page 68, column 2",
"text": "And far above the gentle moon sails on / Through the blue firmament. It is a scene / That gives that spot of earth the air of Heav'n!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1831, James Bell, “[Chinese Empire.] Chapter IV.”, in A System of Geography, Popular and Scientific, […], volume V, Glasgow: Archibald Fullarton and Co. and Blackie and Son; […], →OCLC, page 34",
"text": "Some of his [Confucius's] philosophical principles are, [...] that the cause or principle of things must have had a co-existence with the things themselves; [...] and that the central point of influence, from which this cause chiefly acts, is the blue firmament (tien), whence its emanations are spread over the universe; [...] the sun, moon, stars, and elements, are considered also as composing the firmament, or Teen, as the immediate agents of the Deity, and as the productive powers in creation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001 December, J. Robert King, “Who are We?”, in Brian Thomsen, editor, Lancelot du Lethe, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, page 229",
"text": "On its far side, on the very horizon of the world, stood purple mountains, so tall and sharp that they bridged the firmaments.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Barbara Kingsolver, “Small Wonder”, in Small Wonder: Essays, New York, N.Y.: HarperCollins, published 2009",
"text": "The feeling I dread the most is not fear but despair—the dim, oppressive sense that the more things change, the more they stay the same; that each of us with a frozen heart \"like an old-stone savage armed\" will continue to move in darkness, lifting boulders, patrolling the firmaments of divisive anger.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Alexander Miller, “The Development of Theories of Meaning: From Frege to McDowell and Beyond”, in Michael Beaney, editor, The Oxford Handbook of the History of Analytic Philosophy, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, part II (The Development of Analytic Philosophy), page 658",
"text": "[...] 'The Morning Star' and 'The Evening Star' have the same celestial object as Bedeutung, but present that object in different ways, perhaps in one case as the object that appears in such and such a place in the morning firmament and in the other as the object that appears in such and such a place in the evening firmament.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vault of the heavens, where the clouds, sun, moon, and stars can be seen; the heavens, the sky."
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"vault",
"vault#Noun"
],
[
"heavens",
"heavens#Noun"
],
[
"cloud",
"cloud#Noun"
],
[
"sun",
"sun#Noun"
],
[
"moon",
"moon#Noun"
],
[
"stars",
"star#Noun"
],
[
"seen",
"see#Verb"
],
[
"sky",
"sky#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually uncountable, literary, poetic, also figuratively) The vault of the heavens, where the clouds, sun, moon, and stars can be seen; the heavens, the sky."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "lift"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic"
],
"word": "welkin"
}
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"literary",
"poetic",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the international fashion firmament",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Michael Schaller, “Japan: From Enemy to Ally, 1945–50”, in Altered States: The United States and Japan since the Occupation, New York, N.Y., Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, page 7",
"text": "Europe dominated foreign policy concerns, followed by the Near East and China, where General George C[atlett] Marshall tried, in vain, to mediate a civil war. Japan glowed dimly in the foreign policy firmament.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Shannon Wiley, “Introduction”, in Seaford, Delaware (Images of America), Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, published 2001, page 8",
"text": "By this time, Seaford was a town of 2,000 people, and, in the next decade, the poultry industry became a rising star in the firmament of economic growth as new housing and feeding techniques were introduced.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Adrienne L. McLean, “A Channel for Progress: Theatrical Dance, Popular Culture, and (The) American Ballet”, in Dying Swans and Madmen: Ballet, the Body, and Narrative Cinema, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, page 40",
"text": "She [Anna Pavlova] provided articulate, well-thought-out and educational interviews and articles from her first appearances in which she would lay out her life story, the course of her training, the place of ballet in the European and Russian artistic firmaments.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The field or sphere of an activity or interest."
],
"links": [
[
"field",
"field#Noun"
],
[
"sphere",
"sphere"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"interest",
"interest#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) The field or sphere of an activity or interest."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Astronomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1715, H[enry] Curson, “A Cosmographical Introduction to the Geographical Description of the World”, in A New Description of the World. […], 2nd edition, […] Benj[amin] Barker, […], →OCLC",
"text": "The World Cœlestial. Containing 11 Sphæres or Heavens, ſay the Theologians and Aſtronomers. [...] Theſe are called the Primum Mobile, the Chriſtaline Heaven, the Firmament adorned with the Fixed Stars, and the Heavens of the Seven Planets.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the geocentric Ptolemaic system, the eighth celestial sphere which carried the fixed stars; (countable, by extension) any celestial sphere."
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"geocentric",
"geocentric"
],
[
"Ptolemaic system",
"Ptolemaic system"
],
[
"eighth",
"eighth"
],
[
"celestial sphere",
"celestial sphere"
],
[
"carried",
"carry"
],
[
"fixed star",
"fixed star"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, astronomy, historical) In the geocentric Ptolemaic system, the eighth celestial sphere which carried the fixed stars; (countable, by extension) any celestial sphere."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Bible"
],
"glosses": [
"The abode of God and the angels; heaven."
],
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
],
[
"abode",
"abode"
],
[
"God",
"God"
],
[
"angel",
"angel"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete except biblical",
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete except biblical) The abode of God and the angels; heaven."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1690, [Mary Evelyn], “A Voyage to Marryland; or, The Ladies Dressing-room”, in [John Evelyn], editor, Mundus Muliebris: Or, The Ladies Dressing-room Unlock’d, and Her Toilette Spread. […], London: […] R[ichard] Bentley […], →OCLC; reprinted Saint Peter Port, Guernsey: The Toucan Press, 1978, page 7",
"text": "Pins tipt with Diamond Point, and head, / By which the Curls are faſtened, / In radiant Firmament ſet out, / And all over the Hood ſur-tout: [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "[1690, [Mary Evelyn], “The Fop-dictionary. […]”, in [John Evelyn], editor, Mundus Muliebris: Or, The Ladies Dressing-room Unlock’d, and Her Toilette Spread. […], London: […] R[ichard] Bentley […], →OCLC; reprinted Saint Peter Port, Guernsey: The Toucan Press, 1978, page 18",
"text": "Firmament. Diamonds, or other precious Stones heading the Pins which they stick into the Tour, and Hair, like Stars.]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A piece of jewellery worn in a headdress with numerous gems resembling stars in the sky."
],
"links": [
[
"piece",
"piece#Noun"
],
[
"jewellery",
"jewellery"
],
[
"worn",
"wear#Verb"
],
[
"headdress",
"headdress"
],
[
"numerous",
"numerous"
],
[
"gem",
"gem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete) A piece of jewellery worn in a headdress with numerous gems resembling stars in the sky."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 January 25, Josh Brown, “Perhaps I’ve Been a Bit too Harsh …”, in Wealth Manager Blog, The Wall Street Journal, archived from the original on 2013-12-08",
"text": "Ten years ago, the Wall Street wirehouse brokerage firm seemed unassailable – part of the very firmament underpinning the entire investment industry from coast to coast.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A basis or foundation; a support."
],
"links": [
[
"basis",
"basis"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
],
[
"support",
"support#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete, also figuratively) A basis or foundation; a support."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"countable",
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The act or process of making firm or strengthening."
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"process",
"process#Noun"
],
[
"making",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"firm",
"firm#Adjective"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, obsolete) The act or process of making firm or strengthening."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɜːməm(ə)nt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɝməmənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-firmament.mp3",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/En-us-firmament.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/En-us-firmament.mp3/En-us-firmament.mp3.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "sämay",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ሰማይ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "raqīʕ",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "رَقِيع"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "samāʔ",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سماء"
},
{
"code": "arc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "רקיעא"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac"
],
"word": "ܪܩܝܥܐ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "čaxarak",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "ճախարակ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkinkʿ",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "երկինք"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erknakamar",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "երկնակամար"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "kük kömbəźe",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "күк көмбәҙе"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nebosvod",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "небосвод"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "蒼穹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cāngqióng",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "苍穹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "蒼天"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cāngtiān",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "苍天"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hàotiān",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "昊天"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hàotiān",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "皓天"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "穹蒼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qióngcāng, qiōngcāng",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "穹苍"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qióngyǔ, qiōngyǔ",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "穹宇"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tiānkōng",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "天空"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "霄漢"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiāohàn",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "霄汉"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "nebeská klenba"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "nebeská báň"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nebe"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "gespan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hemelgespan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hemelgewelf"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "uitspansel"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "firmaĵo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "taevalaotus"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "taevavõlv"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "ilmankansi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "taivaankansi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmamento"
},
{
"code": "gez",
"lang": "Ge'ez",
"roman": "sämay",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "ሰማይ"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ca",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "ცა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Firmament"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Feste"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "steréoma",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"literary",
"neuter"
],
"word": "στερέωμα"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "lani"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "raki'a",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "רקיע"
},
{
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "siélo"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "andlangur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "festing"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "himinhvel"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "himinhvolf"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "himinn"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "cakrawala"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "neamh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmamento"
},
{
"alt": "きゅうそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyūsō",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "穹蒼"
},
{
"alt": "おおぞら",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ōzora",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "大空"
},
{
"alt": "てんくう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tenkū",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "天空"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "meik",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "មេឃ"
},
{
"alt": "蒼空",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "changgong",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "창공"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"roman": "firmamento",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "פירמאמינטו"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "firmāmentum"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "debesjums"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nébosvod",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "не́босвод"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nébesen svod",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "не́бесен свод"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "lüft"
},
{
"code": "na",
"lang": "Nauruan",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "albmẹassi"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hvelving"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "himmelhvelv"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "himmelkvelv"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "tvrĭdělĭ",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тврьдѣль"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "lyft"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "staþol"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "uprodor"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "falak",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "فلک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nieboskłon"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nieboskłon"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmamento"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "alturas"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nebésnyj svod",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "небе́сный свод"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nebosvód",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "небосво́д"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tverdʹ",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"poetic"
],
"word": "твердь"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "aśman",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अश्मन्"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iarmailt"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "не̏бо"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ша̑р"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "nȅbo"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "šȃr"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmamento"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "firmament"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fäste"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "himlavalv"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "santinakpan"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "vāṉam",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "வானம்"
},
{
"code": "ti",
"lang": "Tigrinya",
"roman": "sämay",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "ሰማይ"
},
{
"code": "xto",
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "eprer"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "felek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "gökyüzü"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "tverdʹ nebesna",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "твердь небесна"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "bầu trời"
},
{
"code": "wym",
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"word": "fjyrmament"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "entrych nef"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "entrych nen"
},
{
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky",
"tags": [
"class-3"
],
"word": "uḿkhathí"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "field or sphere of an activity or interest — see also field, sphere",
"word": "ala"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "steréoma",
"sense": "field or sphere of an activity or interest — see also field, sphere",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στερέωμα"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "field or sphere of an activity or interest — see also field, sphere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "firmamento"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Septuagint",
"Vulgate"
],
"word": "firmament"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.