See false friend in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "假朋友"
},
"expansion": "假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "假友"
},
"expansion": "假友 (jiǎyǒu)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "偽友"
},
"expansion": "偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "calque"
},
"expansion": "(calque)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou), 假友 (jiǎyǒu), 偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu) (calque)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "faux-ami"
},
"expansion": "Calque of French faux-ami",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais"
},
"expansion": "Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Calque of French faux-ami, from the longer phrase faux amis du traducteur (“false friends of a translator”), first used by Maxime Kœssler and Jules Derocquigny in 1928 in their book Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais (False Friends, or the Pitfalls of the English Vocabulary).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "false friends",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "false friend (plural false friends)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Lexicography",
"orig": "en:Lexicography",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Translation studies",
"orig": "en:Translation studies",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A word and its false friend may well be etymologically related: in such cases semantic shifts have made them drift apart.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning."
],
"id": "en-false_friend-en-noun-bZfVRpBl",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
],
[
"lexicography",
"lexicography"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"deceptive",
"deceptive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies, lexicography) A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "faux ami"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "false cousin"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lexicography",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šibh naẓīr",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شِبْه نَظِير"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fals amic"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "偽友"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wěiyǒu",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "伪友"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎyǒu",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "假友"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "假等義"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎděngyì",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "假等义"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎpéngyǒu",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "假朋友"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tóxíngyìyìcí",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "同形异义词"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "falsk ven"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "valse vriend"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "falsa amiko"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "petollinen ystävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "väärä ystävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "sekaannussana"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "faux-ami"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso amigo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falscher Freund"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Übersetzungsfalle"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "psevdófilos",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ψευδόφιλος"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jhūṭhā dost",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "झूठा दोस्त"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jhūṭhe dost",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "झूठे दोस्त"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "hamis barát"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "álbarát"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "falsvinir"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "svikatengsl"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "teman palsu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "false amico"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cara bréige"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso amico"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"alt": "いつわりのとも",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "itsuwari no tomo",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "偽りの友"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sorani kotoba",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "空似言葉"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geojit chin'gu",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "거짓 친구"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falsus amicus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "viltusdraugs"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falsk venn"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falsk ven"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falsk venn"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "fałszywy przyjaciel"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso amigo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heterossemântico"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prieten fals"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lóžnyj drug",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ло́жный друг"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lažni prijatelj"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso amigo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heterosemántico"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falsk vän"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see false, friend."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"word": "partial false friend"
}
],
"id": "en-false_friend-en-noun-G-Wfi4rS",
"links": [
[
"false",
"false#English"
],
[
"friend",
"friend#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"word": "lists of false friends in various languages"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"word": "cognate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"english": "not to be confused",
"word": "false cognate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"english": "both with intralanguage relevance",
"word": "misnomer and phantonym"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɒls ˈfɹɛnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɔːls ˈfɹɛnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɔls ˈfɹɛnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɑls ˈfɹɛnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-false friend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us-false_friend.ogg/En-us-false_friend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us-false_friend.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-false friend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/En-au-false_friend.ogg/En-au-false_friend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/En-au-false_friend.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"false friend"
],
"word": "false friend"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms calqued from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "假朋友"
},
"expansion": "假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "假友"
},
"expansion": "假友 (jiǎyǒu)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "偽友"
},
"expansion": "偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "calque"
},
"expansion": "(calque)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou), 假友 (jiǎyǒu), 偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu) (calque)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "faux-ami"
},
"expansion": "Calque of French faux-ami",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais"
},
"expansion": "Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Calque of French faux-ami, from the longer phrase faux amis du traducteur (“false friends of a translator”), first used by Maxime Kœssler and Jules Derocquigny in 1928 in their book Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais (False Friends, or the Pitfalls of the English Vocabulary).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "false friends",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "false friend (plural false friends)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "partial false friend"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "lists of false friends in various languages"
},
{
"word": "cognate"
},
{
"english": "not to be confused",
"word": "false cognate"
},
{
"english": "both with intralanguage relevance",
"word": "misnomer and phantonym"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Lexicography",
"en:Linguistics",
"en:Translation studies"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A word and its false friend may well be etymologically related: in such cases semantic shifts have made them drift apart.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
],
[
"lexicography",
"lexicography"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"deceptive",
"deceptive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies, lexicography) A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "faux ami"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "false cousin"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lexicography",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see false, friend."
],
"links": [
[
"false",
"false#English"
],
[
"friend",
"friend#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɒls ˈfɹɛnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɔːls ˈfɹɛnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɔls ˈfɹɛnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɑls ˈfɹɛnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-false friend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us-false_friend.ogg/En-us-false_friend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us-false_friend.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-false friend.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/En-au-false_friend.ogg/En-au-false_friend.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/En-au-false_friend.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šibh naẓīr",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شِبْه نَظِير"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fals amic"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "偽友"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wěiyǒu",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "伪友"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎyǒu",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "假友"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "假等義"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎděngyì",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "假等义"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎpéngyǒu",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "假朋友"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tóxíngyìyìcí",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "同形异义词"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "falsk ven"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "valse vriend"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "falsa amiko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "petollinen ystävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "väärä ystävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "sekaannussana"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "faux-ami"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso amigo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falscher Freund"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Übersetzungsfalle"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "psevdófilos",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ψευδόφιλος"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jhūṭhā dost",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "झूठा दोस्त"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jhūṭhe dost",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "झूठे दोस्त"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "hamis barát"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "álbarát"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "falsvinir"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "svikatengsl"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "teman palsu"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "false amico"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cara bréige"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso amico"
},
{
"alt": "いつわりのとも",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "itsuwari no tomo",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "偽りの友"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sorani kotoba",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "空似言葉"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geojit chin'gu",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "거짓 친구"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falsus amicus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "viltusdraugs"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falsk venn"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falsk ven"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falsk venn"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "fałszywy przyjaciel"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso amigo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heterossemântico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prieten fals"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lóžnyj drug",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ло́жный друг"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lažni prijatelj"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso amigo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heterosemántico"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falsk vän"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"false friend"
],
"word": "false friend"
}
Download raw JSONL data for false friend meaning in English (10.0kB)
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\"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Chinese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"假朋友\"}, \"expansion\": \"假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou)\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"假友\"}, \"expansion\": \"假友 (jiǎyǒu)\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"偽友\"}, \"expansion\": \"偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu)\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Chinese: 假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou), 假友 (jiǎyǒu), 偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu) (calque)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fr\", \"3\": \"faux-ami\"}, \"expansion\": \"Calque of French faux-ami\", \"name\": \"calque\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais\"}, \"expansion\": \"Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais\", \"name\": \"lang\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Calque of French faux-ami, from the longer phrase faux amis du traducteur (“false friends of a translator”), first used by Maxime Kœssler and Jules Derocquigny in 1928 in their book Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais (False Friends, or the Pitfalls of the English Vocabulary).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"false friends\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"false friend (plural false friends)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"word\": \"partial false friend\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"lists of false friends in various languages\"}, {\"word\": \"cognate\"}, {\"english\": \"not to be confused\", \"word\": \"false cognate\"}, {\"english\": \"both with intralanguage relevance\", \"word\": \"misnomer and phantonym\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"en:Lexicography\", \"en:Linguistics\", \"en:Translation studies\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"A word and its false friend may well be etymologically related: in such cases semantic shifts have made them drift apart.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning.\"], \"links\": [[\"linguistics\", \"linguistics\"], [\"translation studies\", \"translation studies\"], [\"lexicography\", \"lexicography\"], [\"word\", \"word\"], [\"deceptive\", \"deceptive\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(linguistics, translation studies, lexicography) A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"faux ami\"}, {\"word\": \";\"}, {\"word\": \"false cousin\"}], \"topics\": [\"human-sciences\", \"lexicography\", \"linguistics\", \"sciences\", \"translation-studies\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see false, friend.\"], \"links\": [[\"false\", \"false#English\"], [\"friend\", \"friend#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɒls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɔːls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɔls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɑls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-false friend.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us-false_friend.ogg/En-us-false_friend.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us-false_friend.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-false friend.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/En-au-false_friend.ogg/En-au-false_friend.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/En-au-false_friend.ogg\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šibh naẓīr\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"شِبْه نَظِير\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"fals amic\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"偽友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wěiyǒu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"伪友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiǎyǒu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假等義\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiǎděngyì\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假等义\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiǎpéngyǒu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假朋友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"tóxíngyìyìcí\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"同形异义词\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"falsk ven\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"valse vriend\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"falsa amiko\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"petollinen ystävä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"väärä ystävä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"sekaannussana\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"faux-ami\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amigo\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falscher Freund\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Übersetzungsfalle\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"psevdófilos\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ψευδόφιλος\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jhūṭhā dost\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"झूठा दोस्त\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jhūṭhe dost\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"झूठे दोस्त\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"hamis barát\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"álbarát\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"falsvinir\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"svikatengsl\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"teman palsu\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"false amico\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cara bréige\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amico\"}, {\"alt\": \"いつわりのとも\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"itsuwari no tomo\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"偽りの友\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"sorani kotoba\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"空似言葉\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"geojit chin'gu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"거짓 친구\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsus amicus\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"viltusdraugs\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsk venn\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsk ven\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsk venn\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"person\"], \"word\": \"fałszywy przyjaciel\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amigo\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"heterossemântico\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"prieten fals\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"lóžnyj drug\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ло́жный друг\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"lažni prijatelj\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amigo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"heterosemántico\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"falsk vän\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"false friend\"], \"word\": \"false friend\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "false friend",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "false friend/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English multiword terms\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms calqued from French\", \"English terms derived from French\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Chinese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"假朋友\"}, \"expansion\": \"假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou)\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"假友\"}, \"expansion\": \"假友 (jiǎyǒu)\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"偽友\"}, \"expansion\": \"偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu)\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Chinese: 假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou), 假友 (jiǎyǒu), 偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu) (calque)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fr\", \"3\": \"faux-ami\"}, \"expansion\": \"Calque of French faux-ami\", \"name\": \"calque\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais\"}, \"expansion\": \"Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais\", \"name\": \"lang\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Calque of French faux-ami, from the longer phrase faux amis du traducteur (“false friends of a translator”), first used by Maxime Kœssler and Jules Derocquigny in 1928 in their book Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais (False Friends, or the Pitfalls of the English Vocabulary).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"false friends\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"false friend (plural false friends)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"word\": \"partial false friend\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"lists of false friends in various languages\"}, {\"word\": \"cognate\"}, {\"english\": \"not to be confused\", \"word\": \"false cognate\"}, {\"english\": \"both with intralanguage relevance\", \"word\": \"misnomer and phantonym\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"en:Lexicography\", \"en:Linguistics\", \"en:Translation studies\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"A word and its false friend may well be etymologically related: in such cases semantic shifts have made them drift apart.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning.\"], \"links\": [[\"linguistics\", \"linguistics\"], [\"translation studies\", \"translation studies\"], [\"lexicography\", \"lexicography\"], [\"word\", \"word\"], [\"deceptive\", \"deceptive\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(linguistics, translation studies, lexicography) A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"faux ami\"}, {\"word\": \";\"}, {\"word\": \"false cousin\"}], \"topics\": [\"human-sciences\", \"lexicography\", \"linguistics\", \"sciences\", \"translation-studies\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see false, friend.\"], \"links\": [[\"false\", \"false#English\"], [\"friend\", \"friend#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɒls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɔːls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɔls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɑls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-false friend.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us-false_friend.ogg/En-us-false_friend.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us-false_friend.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-false friend.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/En-au-false_friend.ogg/En-au-false_friend.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/En-au-false_friend.ogg\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šibh naẓīr\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"شِبْه نَظِير\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"fals amic\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"偽友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wěiyǒu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"伪友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiǎyǒu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假等義\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiǎděngyì\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假等义\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiǎpéngyǒu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假朋友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"tóxíngyìyìcí\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"同形异义词\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"falsk ven\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"valse vriend\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"falsa amiko\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"petollinen ystävä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"väärä ystävä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"sekaannussana\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"faux-ami\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amigo\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falscher Freund\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Übersetzungsfalle\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"psevdófilos\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ψευδόφιλος\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jhūṭhā dost\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"झूठा दोस्त\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jhūṭhe dost\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"झूठे दोस्त\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"hamis barát\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"álbarát\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"falsvinir\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"svikatengsl\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"teman palsu\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"false amico\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cara bréige\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amico\"}, {\"alt\": \"いつわりのとも\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"itsuwari no tomo\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"偽りの友\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"sorani kotoba\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"空似言葉\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"geojit chin'gu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"거짓 친구\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsus amicus\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"viltusdraugs\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsk venn\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsk ven\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsk venn\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"person\"], \"word\": \"fałszywy przyjaciel\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amigo\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"heterossemântico\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"prieten fals\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"lóžnyj drug\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ло́жный друг\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"lažni prijatelj\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amigo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"heterosemántico\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"falsk vän\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"false friend\"], \"word\": \"false friend\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "false friend",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "false friend/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English multiword terms\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms calqued from French\", \"English terms derived from French\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Chinese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"假朋友\"}, \"expansion\": \"假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou)\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"假友\"}, \"expansion\": \"假友 (jiǎyǒu)\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"偽友\"}, \"expansion\": \"偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu)\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Chinese: 假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou), 假友 (jiǎyǒu), 偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu) (calque)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fr\", \"3\": \"faux-ami\"}, \"expansion\": \"Calque of French faux-ami\", \"name\": \"calque\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais\"}, \"expansion\": \"Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais\", \"name\": \"lang\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Calque of French faux-ami, from the longer phrase faux amis du traducteur (“false friends of a translator”), first used by Maxime Kœssler and Jules Derocquigny in 1928 in their book Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais (False Friends, or the Pitfalls of the English Vocabulary).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"false friends\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"false friend (plural false friends)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"word\": \"partial false friend\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"lists of false friends in various languages\"}, {\"word\": \"cognate\"}, {\"english\": \"not to be confused\", \"word\": \"false cognate\"}, {\"english\": \"both with intralanguage relevance\", \"word\": \"misnomer and phantonym\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"en:Lexicography\", \"en:Linguistics\", \"en:Translation studies\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"A word and its false friend may well be etymologically related: in such cases semantic shifts have made them drift apart.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning.\"], \"links\": [[\"linguistics\", \"linguistics\"], [\"translation studies\", \"translation studies\"], [\"lexicography\", \"lexicography\"], [\"word\", \"word\"], [\"deceptive\", \"deceptive\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(linguistics, translation studies, lexicography) A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"faux ami\"}, {\"word\": \";\"}, {\"word\": \"false cousin\"}], \"topics\": [\"human-sciences\", \"lexicography\", \"linguistics\", \"sciences\", \"translation-studies\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see false, friend.\"], \"links\": [[\"false\", \"false#English\"], [\"friend\", \"friend#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɒls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɔːls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɔls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɑls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-false friend.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us-false_friend.ogg/En-us-false_friend.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us-false_friend.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-false friend.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/En-au-false_friend.ogg/En-au-false_friend.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/En-au-false_friend.ogg\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šibh naẓīr\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"شِبْه نَظِير\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"fals amic\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"偽友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wěiyǒu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"伪友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiǎyǒu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假等義\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiǎděngyì\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假等义\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiǎpéngyǒu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假朋友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"tóxíngyìyìcí\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"同形异义词\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"falsk ven\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"valse vriend\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"falsa amiko\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"petollinen ystävä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"väärä ystävä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"sekaannussana\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"faux-ami\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amigo\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falscher Freund\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Übersetzungsfalle\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"psevdófilos\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ψευδόφιλος\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jhūṭhā dost\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"झूठा दोस्त\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jhūṭhe dost\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"झूठे दोस्त\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"hamis barát\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"álbarát\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"falsvinir\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"svikatengsl\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"teman palsu\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"false amico\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cara bréige\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amico\"}, {\"alt\": \"いつわりのとも\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"itsuwari no tomo\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"偽りの友\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"sorani kotoba\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"空似言葉\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"geojit chin'gu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"거짓 친구\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsus amicus\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"viltusdraugs\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsk venn\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsk ven\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsk venn\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"person\"], \"word\": \"fałszywy przyjaciel\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amigo\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"heterossemântico\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"prieten fals\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"lóžnyj drug\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ло́жный друг\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"lažni prijatelj\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amigo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"heterosemántico\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"falsk vän\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"false friend\"], \"word\": \"false friend\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "false friend",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "false friend/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English multiword terms\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms calqued from French\", \"English terms derived from French\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Chinese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"假朋友\"}, \"expansion\": \"假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou)\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"假友\"}, \"expansion\": \"假友 (jiǎyǒu)\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"偽友\"}, \"expansion\": \"偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu)\", \"name\": \"zh-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Chinese: 假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou), 假友 (jiǎyǒu), 偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu) (calque)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fr\", \"3\": \"faux-ami\"}, \"expansion\": \"Calque of French faux-ami\", \"name\": \"calque\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais\"}, \"expansion\": \"Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais\", \"name\": \"lang\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Calque of French faux-ami, from the longer phrase faux amis du traducteur (“false friends of a translator”), first used by Maxime Kœssler and Jules Derocquigny in 1928 in their book Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais (False Friends, or the Pitfalls of the English Vocabulary).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"false friends\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"false friend (plural false friends)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"word\": \"partial false friend\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"lists of false friends in various languages\"}, {\"word\": \"cognate\"}, {\"english\": \"not to be confused\", \"word\": \"false cognate\"}, {\"english\": \"both with intralanguage relevance\", \"word\": \"misnomer and phantonym\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"en:Lexicography\", \"en:Linguistics\", \"en:Translation studies\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"A word and its false friend may well be etymologically related: in such cases semantic shifts have made them drift apart.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning.\"], \"links\": [[\"linguistics\", \"linguistics\"], [\"translation studies\", \"translation studies\"], [\"lexicography\", \"lexicography\"], [\"word\", \"word\"], [\"deceptive\", \"deceptive\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(linguistics, translation studies, lexicography) A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"faux ami\"}, {\"word\": \";\"}, {\"word\": \"false cousin\"}], \"topics\": [\"human-sciences\", \"lexicography\", \"linguistics\", \"sciences\", \"translation-studies\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see false, friend.\"], \"links\": [[\"false\", \"false#English\"], [\"friend\", \"friend#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɒls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɔːls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɔls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌfɑls ˈfɹɛnd/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-false friend.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us-false_friend.ogg/En-us-false_friend.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us-false_friend.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-false friend.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/En-au-false_friend.ogg/En-au-false_friend.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/En-au-false_friend.ogg\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šibh naẓīr\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"شِبْه نَظِير\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"fals amic\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"偽友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"wěiyǒu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"伪友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiǎyǒu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假等義\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiǎděngyì\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假等义\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiǎpéngyǒu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"假朋友\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"tóxíngyìyìcí\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"同形异义词\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"falsk ven\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"valse vriend\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"falsa amiko\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"petollinen ystävä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"väärä ystävä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"sekaannussana\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"faux-ami\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amigo\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falscher Freund\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Übersetzungsfalle\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"psevdófilos\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ψευδόφιλος\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jhūṭhā dost\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"झूठा दोस्त\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jhūṭhe dost\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"झूठे दोस्त\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"hamis barát\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"álbarát\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"falsvinir\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"svikatengsl\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"teman palsu\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"false amico\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cara bréige\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amico\"}, {\"alt\": \"いつわりのとも\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"itsuwari no tomo\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"偽りの友\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"sorani kotoba\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"空似言葉\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"geojit chin'gu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"거짓 친구\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsus amicus\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"viltusdraugs\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsk venn\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsk ven\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falsk venn\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"person\"], \"word\": \"fałszywy przyjaciel\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amigo\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"heterossemântico\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"prieten fals\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"lóžnyj drug\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ло́жный друг\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"lažni prijatelj\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falso amigo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"heterosemántico\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"falsk vän\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"false friend\"], \"word\": \"false friend\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "false friend",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.