See duma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dumaist"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ду́ма",
"4": "",
"5": "elective legislative assembly",
"pos": "originally: “thought”"
},
"expansion": "Russian ду́ма (dúma, “elective legislative assembly”, originally: “thought”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "breath, spirit; word; mind, thought; advice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duma (“breath, spirit; word; mind, thought; advice”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ду́ма (dúma, “elective legislative assembly”, originally: “thought”), from Proto-Slavic *duma (“breath, spirit; word; mind, thought; advice”). The drink is named after the legislative assembly.",
"forms": [
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"form": "dumas",
"tags": [
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},
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"form": "Duma",
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"parts": [
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"ma"
]
}
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{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Russian politics",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1905, “Russian Duma” in The Outlook Volume 80, 989",
"text": "Hence, while preserving his autocratic power, the Czar decrees a “Gosudarstvennaia Duma,” or State Council. The elections for this Duma will cover the whole territory of the Empire, ..."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Russian legislative assembly such as the historical duma of the Russian Empire or the modern lower house of the Federal Assembly (the Russian national parliament)."
],
"id": "en-duma-en-noun-Zs0XlDlW",
"links": [
[
"lower house",
"lower house"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russian"
],
[
"national",
"national"
],
[
"parliament",
"parliament"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "dūmā",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دُومَا"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "դումա"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "дума"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ду́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "দুমা"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ду́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "Éluōsī guójiā dùmǎ",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "俄羅斯國家杜馬 /俄罗斯国家杜马"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "dùmǎ",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "杜馬 /杜马"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "doema"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "dumao"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "riigiduuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "douma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "დუმა"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "Doúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Δούμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "דּוּמָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "ḍyūmā",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "ड्यूमा"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "dūmā",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "दूमा"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "dūma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "ドゥーマ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "こっかいん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kokkain",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "国家院"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "дума"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "두마"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "dûma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "дума"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dome"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dūma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дума"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "dum",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "дум"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"lang_code": "os",
"roman": "dumæ",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "думӕ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "دوما"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "dumâ",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "دوما"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dumă"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ду́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ду́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Gosudárstvennaja dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Госуда́рственная ду́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Gosdúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Госду́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ду̀ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "dùma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "дума"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "дума"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ду́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "Viện Đu-ma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "Đu-ma"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A drink mixing wine and vodka."
],
"id": "en-duma-en-noun-1X1TiON9",
"links": [
[
"wine",
"wine"
],
[
"vodka",
"vodka"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdumə/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duma.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duma.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duma.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duma.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duma.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "doomer"
}
],
"word": "duma"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewh₂-",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Ossetian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Russia",
"en:Russian politics"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dumaist"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ду́ма",
"4": "",
"5": "elective legislative assembly",
"pos": "originally: “thought”"
},
"expansion": "Russian ду́ма (dúma, “elective legislative assembly”, originally: “thought”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "breath, spirit; word; mind, thought; advice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duma (“breath, spirit; word; mind, thought; advice”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ду́ма (dúma, “elective legislative assembly”, originally: “thought”), from Proto-Slavic *duma (“breath, spirit; word; mind, thought; advice”). The drink is named after the legislative assembly.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Duma",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "duma (plural dumas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"du",
"ma"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1905, “Russian Duma” in The Outlook Volume 80, 989",
"text": "Hence, while preserving his autocratic power, the Czar decrees a “Gosudarstvennaia Duma,” or State Council. The elections for this Duma will cover the whole territory of the Empire, ..."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Russian legislative assembly such as the historical duma of the Russian Empire or the modern lower house of the Federal Assembly (the Russian national parliament)."
],
"links": [
[
"lower house",
"lower house"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russian"
],
[
"national",
"national"
],
[
"parliament",
"parliament"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A drink mixing wine and vodka."
],
"links": [
[
"wine",
"wine"
],
[
"vodka",
"vodka"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdumə/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duma.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duma.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duma.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duma.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duma.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "doomer"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "dūmā",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دُومَا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "դումա"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "дума"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ду́ма"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "দুমা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ду́ма"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "Éluōsī guójiā dùmǎ",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "俄羅斯國家杜馬 /俄罗斯国家杜马"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "dùmǎ",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "杜馬 /杜马"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "doema"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "dumao"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "riigiduuma"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duuma"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duuma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "douma"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "დუმა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Duma"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "Doúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Δούμα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "דּוּמָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "ḍyūmā",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "ड्यूमा"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "dūmā",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "दूमा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "dūma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "ドゥーマ"
},
{
"alt": "こっかいん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kokkain",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "国家院"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "дума"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "두마"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "dûma"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "дума"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dome"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dūma"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дума"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "dum",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "дум"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"lang_code": "os",
"roman": "dumæ",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "думӕ"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "دوما"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "dumâ",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "دوما"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Duma"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dumă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ду́ма"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ду́ма"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Gosudárstvennaja dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Госуда́рственная ду́ма"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Gosdúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Госду́ма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ду̀ма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "dùma"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "дума"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "duma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "дума"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "dúma",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ду́ма"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "duma"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "Viện Đu-ma"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "lower house of Russian national parliament",
"word": "Đu-ma"
}
],
"word": "duma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for duma meaning in English (14.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.