See drudge in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "drudgery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "drudgy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "druggen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English druggen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "drēogan",
"t": "to do; to suffer"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēogan (“to do; to suffer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English druggen, which is possibly related to Old English drēogan (“to do; to suffer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drudges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
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"lang": "English",
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{
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{
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],
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "63 9 28",
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},
{
"_dis": "66 10 24",
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{
"_dis": "73 10 18",
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{
"_dis": "74 10 16",
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{
"_dis": "68 10 22",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "78 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 10 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 8 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 10 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 6 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 10 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 30 18",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "drudge work",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who works in a low servile job."
],
"id": "en-drudge-en-noun-WR5Llitm",
"links": [
[
"servile",
"servile"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"word": "raataja"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"word": "renki"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "serf"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "larbin"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sous-merde"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moins-que-rien"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hiwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"word": "Sklave"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lakai"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sclábhaí"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černorabóčij",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чернорабо́чий"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rabotjága",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "работя́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tràill"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esclavo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lacayo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"word": "currito"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"word": "köle"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"word": "palkkarenki"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "valet"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "laquais"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "larbin"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rab",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "раб"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rabýnja",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рабы́ня"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tràill"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Someone who works for (and may be taken advantage of by) someone else."
],
"id": "en-drudge-en-noun-E4szcN7i",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"taken advantage of by",
"take advantage of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) Someone who works for (and may be taken advantage of by) someone else."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɹʌd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-drudge.wav",
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},
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}
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}
{
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"2": "enm",
"3": "druggen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English druggen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "drēogan",
"t": "to do; to suffer"
},
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"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English druggen, which is possibly related to Old English drēogan (“to do; to suffer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drudges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drudging",
"tags": [
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"present"
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},
{
"form": "drudged",
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"past"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "drudger"
},
{
"word": "drudgerie"
},
{
"word": "drudgework"
},
{
"word": "drudgingly"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1682, Thomas Otway, Venice Preserv'd:",
"text": "Rise to our Toils and drudge away the day.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1856 February, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “Oliver Goldsmith”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC:",
"text": "He gradually rose in the estimation of the booksellers for whom he drudged.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To labour in (or as in) a low servile job."
],
"id": "en-drudge-en-verb-fk5~Ky~K",
"links": [
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"servile",
"servile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To labour in (or as in) a low servile job."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to labour as in a low servile job",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "otročit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to labour as in a low servile job",
"word": "raataa"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to labour as in a low servile job",
"word": "gürcöl"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to labour as in a low servile job",
"word": "robotol"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to labour as in a low servile job",
"word": "laboregar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjanútʹ ljámku",
"sense": "to labour as in a low servile job",
"word": "тяну́ть ля́мку"
}
]
}
],
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},
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒ"
}
],
"word": "drudge"
}
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"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "drudgery"
},
{
"word": "drudgy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "druggen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English druggen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "drēogan",
"t": "to do; to suffer"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēogan (“to do; to suffer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English druggen, which is possibly related to Old English drēogan (“to do; to suffer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drudges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "drudge (plural drudges)",
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"lang_code": "en",
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{
"word": "dree"
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{
"word": "adree"
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],
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"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "drudge work",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who works in a low servile job."
],
"links": [
[
"servile",
"servile"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Someone who works for (and may be taken advantage of by) someone else."
],
"links": [
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"derogatory"
],
[
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"take advantage of"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
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},
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"word": "raataja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"word": "renki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "serf"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "larbin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sous-merde"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moins-que-rien"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hiwi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"word": "Sklave"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lakai"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sclábhaí"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černorabóčij",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чернорабо́чий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rabotjága",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "работя́га"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tràill"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esclavo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lacayo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"word": "currito"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person who works in a low job",
"word": "köle"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"word": "palkkarenki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "valet"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "laquais"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "larbin"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rab",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "раб"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rabýnja",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рабы́ня"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "person who works for someone else",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tràill"
}
],
"word": "drudge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "drudger"
},
{
"word": "drudgerie"
},
{
"word": "drudgework"
},
{
"word": "drudgingly"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "druggen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English druggen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "drēogan",
"t": "to do; to suffer"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēogan (“to do; to suffer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English druggen, which is possibly related to Old English drēogan (“to do; to suffer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drudges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drudging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drudged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drudged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "drudge (third-person singular simple present drudges, present participle drudging, simple past and past participle drudged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1682, Thomas Otway, Venice Preserv'd:",
"text": "Rise to our Toils and drudge away the day.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1856 February, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “Oliver Goldsmith”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC:",
"text": "He gradually rose in the estimation of the booksellers for whom he drudged.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To labour in (or as in) a low servile job."
],
"links": [
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"servile",
"servile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To labour in (or as in) a low servile job."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɹʌd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-drudge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drudge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drudge.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drudge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drudge.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to labour as in a low servile job",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "otročit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to labour as in a low servile job",
"word": "raataa"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to labour as in a low servile job",
"word": "gürcöl"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to labour as in a low servile job",
"word": "robotol"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to labour as in a low servile job",
"word": "laboregar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjanútʹ ljámku",
"sense": "to labour as in a low servile job",
"word": "тяну́ть ля́мку"
}
],
"word": "drudge"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drudge meaning in English (8.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.