"drove" meaning in English

See drove in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /dɹəʊv/ [Received-Pronunciation], /d͡ʒɹoʊv/ Audio: en-us-drove.ogg (note: us), en-uk-drove.ogg [UK] Forms: droves [plural]
Rhymes: -əʊv Etymology: From Middle English drove, drof, draf, from Old English drāf (“action of driving; a driving out, expulsion; drove, herd, band; company, band; road along which cattle are driven”), from Proto-Germanic *draibō (“a drive, push, movement, drove”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to support”). Cognate with Scots drave, dreef (“drove, crowd”), Dutch dreef (“a walkway, wide road with trees, drove”), Middle High German treip (“a drove”), Swedish drev (“a drive, drove”), Icelandic dreif (“a scattering, distribution”). More at drive. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|drove}} Middle English drove, {{m|enm|drof}} drof, {{m|enm|draf}} draf, {{inh|en|ang|drāf||action of driving; a driving out, expulsion; drove, herd, band; company, band; road along which cattle are driven}} Old English drāf (“action of driving; a driving out, expulsion; drove, herd, band; company, band; road along which cattle are driven”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*draibō||a drive, push, movement, drove}} Proto-Germanic *draibō (“a drive, push, movement, drove”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*dʰreybʰ-||to drive, push}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*dʰer-||to support}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to support”), {{cog|sco|drave}} Scots drave, {{m|sco|dreef||drove, crowd}} dreef (“drove, crowd”), {{cog|nl|dreef||a walkway, wide road with trees, drove}} Dutch dreef (“a walkway, wide road with trees, drove”), {{cog|gmh|treip||a drove}} Middle High German treip (“a drove”), {{cog|sv|drev||a drive, drove}} Swedish drev (“a drive, drove”), {{cog|is|dreif||a scattering, distribution}} Icelandic dreif (“a scattering, distribution”), {{l|en|drive}} drive Head templates: {{en-noun}} drove (plural droves)
  1. A cattle drive or the herd being driven by it; thus, a number of cattle driven to market or new pastures. Translations (number of cattle driven to market or new pastures): черда (čerda) (Bulgarian), стадо (stado) (Bulgarian), kudde (Dutch), troupeau [masculine] (French), manade [feminine] (French), horde [feminine] (French), Herde [feminine] (German), mandria [feminine] (Italian), armento [masculine] (Italian), branco [masculine] (Italian), whiunga (Maori), гурт (gurt) [masculine] (Russian), ста́до (stádo) [neuter] (Russian), stado [neuter] (Serbo-Croatian), manada [feminine] (Spanish), tropa (Arg., Bol., Par. and Ur.) [feminine] (Spanish), sürü (Turkish), табун (tabun) [masculine] (Ukrainian), стадо (stado) [neuter] (Ukrainian), diadell [feminine] (Welsh), gyr [masculine] (Welsh), praidd [masculine] (Welsh), haid [feminine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-drove-en-noun-ifGIwk0v Disambiguation of 'number of cattle driven to market or new pastures': 66 11 2 17 1 2 1
  2. (figuratively, by extension, usually in the plural) A large number of people on the move. Tags: broadly, figuratively, plural-normally Translations (large number of people on the move): тълпа (tǎlpa) [feminine] (Bulgarian), foule [feminine] (French), Schar [feminine] (German), calca [feminine] (Italian), massa [feminine] (Italian), толпа́ (tolpá) [feminine] (Russian), legión [feminine] (Spanish), sürü (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-drove-en-noun-jaYTWUqa Categories (other): English terms with collocations Disambiguation of 'large number of people on the move': 2 89 0 7 1 1 0
  3. (collective) A group of hares. Tags: collective Translations (group of hares): lauma (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-drove-en-noun-FABgz-oc Disambiguation of 'group of hares': 2 0 93 1 1 1 1
  4. A road or track along which cattle are habitually, used to be or coil be driven; a droveway. Translations (road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway): karjapolku (Finnish), pista [feminine] (Italian), passaggi obbligati [masculine, plural] (Italian), attraversamento [masculine] (Italian), cañada (Spanish), vía pecuaria (Spanish), boskapsled (Swedish), fägata (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-drove-en-noun-oimEkwR- Disambiguation of 'road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway': 10 2 1 84 1 2 1
  5. A narrow drain or channel used in the irrigation of land. Translations (narrow drain for irrigation): kasteluoja (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-drove-en-noun-zFNd8LBR Disambiguation of 'narrow drain for irrigation': 3 5 3 8 74 5 3
  6. A broad chisel used to bring stone to a nearly smooth surface.
    Sense id: en-drove-en-noun-FAP8zzZq
  7. The grooved surface of stone finished by the drove chisel.
    Sense id: en-drove-en-noun-5ihXO8qB
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: drove road, in droves
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /dɹəʊv/ [Received-Pronunciation], /d͡ʒɹoʊv/ Audio: en-us-drove.ogg (note: us), en-uk-drove.ogg [UK]
Rhymes: -əʊv Etymology: From earlier drave, from Middle English drave, draf, from Old English drāf, first and third person singular indicative preterite of drīfan (“to drive”). Etymology templates: {{m|en|drave}} drave, {{inh|en|enm|drave}} Middle English drave, {{m|enm|draf}} draf, {{inh|en|ang|drāf}} Old English drāf, {{m|ang|drīfan||to drive}} drīfan (“to drive”) Head templates: {{head|en|verb form}} drove
  1. simple past of drive Tags: form-of, past Form of: drive
    Sense id: en-drove-en-verb-Wlr8PavD
  2. (dialectal) past participle of drive Tags: dialectal, form-of, participle, past Form of: drive
    Sense id: en-drove-en-verb-nD6uFv-0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: /dɹəʊv/ [Received-Pronunciation], /d͡ʒɹoʊv/ Audio: en-us-drove.ogg (note: us), en-uk-drove.ogg [UK] Forms: droves [present, singular, third-person], droving [participle, present], droved [participle, past], droved [past]
Rhymes: -əʊv Etymology: From earlier drave, from Middle English drave, draf, from Old English drāf, first and third person singular indicative preterite of drīfan (“to drive”). Etymology templates: {{m|en|drave}} drave, {{inh|en|enm|drave}} Middle English drave, {{m|enm|draf}} draf, {{inh|en|ang|drāf}} Old English drāf, {{m|ang|drīfan||to drive}} drīfan (“to drive”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} drove (third-person singular simple present droves, present participle droving, simple past and past participle droved)
  1. To herd cattle; particularly over a long distance. Synonyms: drive Translations (to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance): transumare (Italian), condurre (Italian), guidare (Italian), whiu (Maori), whiuwhiu kararehe (Maori)
    Sense id: en-drove-en-verb-qK4r71p- Disambiguation of 'to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance': 98 2
  2. (transitive) To finish (stone) with a drove chisel. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-drove-en-verb-uHTW~IzR
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for drove meaning in English (17.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "drove road"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "in droves"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "drove"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English drove",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "drof"
      },
      "expansion": "drof",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "draf"
      },
      "expansion": "draf",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "drāf",
        "4": "",
        "5": "action of driving; a driving out, expulsion; drove, herd, band; company, band; road along which cattle are driven"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English drāf (“action of driving; a driving out, expulsion; drove, herd, band; company, band; road along which cattle are driven”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*draibō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a drive, push, movement, drove"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draibō (“a drive, push, movement, drove”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰreybʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to drive, push"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰer-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to support"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to support”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "drave"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots drave",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "dreef",
        "3": "",
        "4": "drove, crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "dreef (“drove, crowd”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dreef",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a walkway, wide road with trees, drove"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch dreef (“a walkway, wide road with trees, drove”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "treip",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a drove"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German treip (“a drove”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "drev",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a drive, drove"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish drev (“a drive, drove”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "dreif",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a scattering, distribution"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic dreif (“a scattering, distribution”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "drive"
      },
      "expansion": "drive",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English drove, drof, draf, from Old English drāf (“action of driving; a driving out, expulsion; drove, herd, band; company, band; road along which cattle are driven”), from Proto-Germanic *draibō (“a drive, push, movement, drove”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to support”). Cognate with Scots drave, dreef (“drove, crowd”), Dutch dreef (“a walkway, wide road with trees, drove”), Middle High German treip (“a drove”), Swedish drev (“a drive, drove”), Icelandic dreif (“a scattering, distribution”). More at drive.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "droves",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "drove (plural droves)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A cattle drive or the herd being driven by it; thus, a number of cattle driven to market or new pastures."
      ],
      "id": "en-drove-en-noun-ifGIwk0v",
      "links": [
        [
          "drive",
          "drive"
        ],
        [
          "herd",
          "herd"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number"
        ],
        [
          "cattle",
          "cattle"
        ],
        [
          "market",
          "market"
        ],
        [
          "pasture",
          "pasture"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "čerda",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "word": "черда"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "stado",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "word": "стадо"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "word": "kudde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "troupeau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "manade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "horde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Herde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mandria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "armento"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "branco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "word": "whiunga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "gurt",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "гурт"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "stádo",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ста́до"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "stado"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "manada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tropa (Arg., Bol., Par. and Ur.)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "word": "sürü"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "tabun",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "табун"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "stado",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "стадо"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "diadell"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gyr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "praidd"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 11 2 17 1 2 1",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "haid"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "in droves"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A large number of people on the move."
      ],
      "id": "en-drove-en-noun-jaYTWUqa",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively, by extension, usually in the plural) A large number of people on the move."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "figuratively",
        "plural-normally"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 89 0 7 1 1 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "tǎlpa",
          "sense": "large number of people on the move",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "тълпа"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 89 0 7 1 1 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "large number of people on the move",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "foule"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 89 0 7 1 1 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "large number of people on the move",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Schar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 89 0 7 1 1 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "large number of people on the move",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "calca"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 89 0 7 1 1 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "large number of people on the move",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "massa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 89 0 7 1 1 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tolpá",
          "sense": "large number of people on the move",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "толпа́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 89 0 7 1 1 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "large number of people on the move",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "legión"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 89 0 7 1 1 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "large number of people on the move",
          "word": "sürü"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A group of hares."
      ],
      "id": "en-drove-en-noun-FABgz-oc",
      "links": [
        [
          "hare",
          "hare"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collective) A group of hares."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 93 1 1 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "group of hares",
          "word": "lauma"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A road or track along which cattle are habitually, used to be or coil be driven; a droveway."
      ],
      "id": "en-drove-en-noun-oimEkwR-",
      "links": [
        [
          "road",
          "road"
        ],
        [
          "track",
          "track"
        ],
        [
          "cattle",
          "cattle"
        ],
        [
          "habitually",
          "habitually"
        ],
        [
          "drive",
          "drive"
        ],
        [
          "droveway",
          "droveway"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "10 2 1 84 1 2 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
          "word": "karjapolku"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 2 1 84 1 2 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pista"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 2 1 84 1 2 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "passaggi obbligati"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 2 1 84 1 2 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "attraversamento"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 2 1 84 1 2 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
          "word": "cañada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 2 1 84 1 2 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
          "word": "vía pecuaria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 2 1 84 1 2 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
          "word": "boskapsled"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 2 1 84 1 2 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
          "word": "fägata"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A narrow drain or channel used in the irrigation of land."
      ],
      "id": "en-drove-en-noun-zFNd8LBR",
      "links": [
        [
          "drain",
          "drain"
        ],
        [
          "channel",
          "channel"
        ],
        [
          "irrigation",
          "irrigation"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 5 3 8 74 5 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "narrow drain for irrigation",
          "word": "kasteluoja"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A broad chisel used to bring stone to a nearly smooth surface."
      ],
      "id": "en-drove-en-noun-FAP8zzZq",
      "links": [
        [
          "chisel",
          "chisel"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "smooth",
          "smooth"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The grooved surface of stone finished by the drove chisel."
      ],
      "id": "en-drove-en-noun-5ihXO8qB"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəʊv/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊv"
    },
    {
      "other": "/dɹoʊv/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɹoʊv/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-drove.ogg",
      "audio-ipa": "/dɹoʊv/",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/En-us-drove.ogg/En-us-drove.ogg.mp3",
      "note": "us",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/En-us-drove.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-drove.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/En-uk-drove.ogg/En-uk-drove.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/En-uk-drove.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "drove"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "drave"
      },
      "expansion": "drave",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "drave"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English drave",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "draf"
      },
      "expansion": "draf",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "drāf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English drāf",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "drīfan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to drive"
      },
      "expansion": "drīfan (“to drive”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier drave, from Middle English drave, draf, from Old English drāf, first and third person singular indicative preterite of drīfan (“to drive”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "drove",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 157",
          "text": "Iron and coal were the magnets that drew railways to this land of lovely valleys and silent mountains—for such it was a century-and-a-half ago, before man blackened the valleys with the smoke of his forges, scarred the green hills with his shafts and waste-heaps, and drove the salmon from the quiet Rhondda and the murmuring Taff.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "drive"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "simple past of drive"
      ],
      "id": "en-drove-en-verb-Wlr8PavD",
      "links": [
        [
          "drive",
          "drive#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "17 Apr 2019, Ch Insp Lee, quotee, BBC News",
          "text": "We are appealing to any individuals who \"have\" drove that road who may well have [...]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "drive"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past participle of drive"
      ],
      "id": "en-drove-en-verb-nD6uFv-0",
      "links": [
        [
          "drive",
          "drive#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) past participle of drive"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəʊv/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊv"
    },
    {
      "other": "/dɹoʊv/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɹoʊv/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-drove.ogg",
      "audio-ipa": "/dɹoʊv/",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/En-us-drove.ogg/En-us-drove.ogg.mp3",
      "note": "us",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/En-us-drove.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-drove.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/En-uk-drove.ogg/En-uk-drove.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/En-uk-drove.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "drove"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "drave"
      },
      "expansion": "drave",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "drave"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English drave",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "draf"
      },
      "expansion": "draf",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "drāf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English drāf",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "drīfan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to drive"
      },
      "expansion": "drīfan (“to drive”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier drave, from Middle English drave, draf, from Old English drāf, first and third person singular indicative preterite of drīfan (“to drive”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "droves",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "droving",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "droved",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "droved",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "drove (third-person singular simple present droves, present participle droving, simple past and past participle droved)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1890, Banjo Paterson, The Man from Snowy River",
          "text": "He's droving now with Conroy's sheep along the Castlereagh.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To herd cattle; particularly over a long distance."
      ],
      "id": "en-drove-en-verb-qK4r71p-",
      "links": [
        [
          "herd",
          "herd"
        ],
        [
          "cattle",
          "cattle"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "drive"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance",
          "word": "transumare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance",
          "word": "condurre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance",
          "word": "guidare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance",
          "word": "whiu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance",
          "word": "whiuwhiu kararehe"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To finish (stone) with a drove chisel."
      ],
      "id": "en-drove-en-verb-uHTW~IzR",
      "links": [
        [
          "finish",
          "finish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To finish (stone) with a drove chisel."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəʊv/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊv"
    },
    {
      "other": "/dɹoʊv/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɹoʊv/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-drove.ogg",
      "audio-ipa": "/dɹoʊv/",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/En-us-drove.ogg/En-us-drove.ogg.mp3",
      "note": "us",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/En-us-drove.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-drove.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/En-uk-drove.ogg/En-uk-drove.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/En-uk-drove.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "drove"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "drove road"
    },
    {
      "word": "in droves"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "drove"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English drove",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "drof"
      },
      "expansion": "drof",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "draf"
      },
      "expansion": "draf",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "drāf",
        "4": "",
        "5": "action of driving; a driving out, expulsion; drove, herd, band; company, band; road along which cattle are driven"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English drāf (“action of driving; a driving out, expulsion; drove, herd, band; company, band; road along which cattle are driven”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*draibō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a drive, push, movement, drove"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draibō (“a drive, push, movement, drove”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰreybʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to drive, push"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰer-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to support"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to support”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "drave"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots drave",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "dreef",
        "3": "",
        "4": "drove, crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "dreef (“drove, crowd”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dreef",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a walkway, wide road with trees, drove"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch dreef (“a walkway, wide road with trees, drove”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "treip",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a drove"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German treip (“a drove”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "drev",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a drive, drove"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish drev (“a drive, drove”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "dreif",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a scattering, distribution"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic dreif (“a scattering, distribution”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "drive"
      },
      "expansion": "drive",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English drove, drof, draf, from Old English drāf (“action of driving; a driving out, expulsion; drove, herd, band; company, band; road along which cattle are driven”), from Proto-Germanic *draibō (“a drive, push, movement, drove”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to support”). Cognate with Scots drave, dreef (“drove, crowd”), Dutch dreef (“a walkway, wide road with trees, drove”), Middle High German treip (“a drove”), Swedish drev (“a drive, drove”), Icelandic dreif (“a scattering, distribution”). More at drive.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "droves",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "drove (plural droves)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A cattle drive or the herd being driven by it; thus, a number of cattle driven to market or new pastures."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "drive",
          "drive"
        ],
        [
          "herd",
          "herd"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number"
        ],
        [
          "cattle",
          "cattle"
        ],
        [
          "market",
          "market"
        ],
        [
          "pasture",
          "pasture"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "in droves"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A large number of people on the move."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively, by extension, usually in the plural) A large number of people on the move."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "figuratively",
        "plural-normally"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English collective nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A group of hares."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hare",
          "hare"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collective) A group of hares."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A road or track along which cattle are habitually, used to be or coil be driven; a droveway."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "road",
          "road"
        ],
        [
          "track",
          "track"
        ],
        [
          "cattle",
          "cattle"
        ],
        [
          "habitually",
          "habitually"
        ],
        [
          "drive",
          "drive"
        ],
        [
          "droveway",
          "droveway"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A narrow drain or channel used in the irrigation of land."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "drain",
          "drain"
        ],
        [
          "channel",
          "channel"
        ],
        [
          "irrigation",
          "irrigation"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A broad chisel used to bring stone to a nearly smooth surface."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chisel",
          "chisel"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "smooth",
          "smooth"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The grooved surface of stone finished by the drove chisel."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəʊv/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊv"
    },
    {
      "other": "/dɹoʊv/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɹoʊv/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-drove.ogg",
      "audio-ipa": "/dɹoʊv/",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/En-us-drove.ogg/En-us-drove.ogg.mp3",
      "note": "us",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/En-us-drove.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-drove.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/En-uk-drove.ogg/En-uk-drove.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/En-uk-drove.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "čerda",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "word": "черда"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "stado",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "word": "стадо"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "word": "kudde"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "troupeau"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "manade"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "horde"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Herde"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mandria"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "armento"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "branco"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "word": "whiunga"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "gurt",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "гурт"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "stádo",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ста́до"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "stado"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "manada"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tropa (Arg., Bol., Par. and Ur.)"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "word": "sürü"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "tabun",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "табун"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "stado",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "стадо"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "diadell"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gyr"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "praidd"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "number of cattle driven to market or new pastures",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "haid"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "tǎlpa",
      "sense": "large number of people on the move",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тълпа"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "large number of people on the move",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "foule"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "large number of people on the move",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Schar"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "large number of people on the move",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "calca"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "large number of people on the move",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "massa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tolpá",
      "sense": "large number of people on the move",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "толпа́"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "large number of people on the move",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "legión"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "large number of people on the move",
      "word": "sürü"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "group of hares",
      "word": "lauma"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
      "word": "karjapolku"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pista"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "passaggi obbligati"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "attraversamento"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
      "word": "cañada"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
      "word": "vía pecuaria"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
      "word": "boskapsled"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway",
      "word": "fägata"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "narrow drain for irrigation",
      "word": "kasteluoja"
    }
  ],
  "word": "drove"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "drave"
      },
      "expansion": "drave",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "drave"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English drave",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "draf"
      },
      "expansion": "draf",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "drāf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English drāf",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "drīfan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to drive"
      },
      "expansion": "drīfan (“to drive”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier drave, from Middle English drave, draf, from Old English drāf, first and third person singular indicative preterite of drīfan (“to drive”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "drove",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 157",
          "text": "Iron and coal were the magnets that drew railways to this land of lovely valleys and silent mountains—for such it was a century-and-a-half ago, before man blackened the valleys with the smoke of his forges, scarred the green hills with his shafts and waste-heaps, and drove the salmon from the quiet Rhondda and the murmuring Taff.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "drive"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "simple past of drive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "drive",
          "drive#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "17 Apr 2019, Ch Insp Lee, quotee, BBC News",
          "text": "We are appealing to any individuals who \"have\" drove that road who may well have [...]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "drive"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past participle of drive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "drive",
          "drive#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) past participle of drive"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəʊv/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊv"
    },
    {
      "other": "/dɹoʊv/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɹoʊv/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-drove.ogg",
      "audio-ipa": "/dɹoʊv/",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/En-us-drove.ogg/En-us-drove.ogg.mp3",
      "note": "us",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/En-us-drove.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-drove.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/En-uk-drove.ogg/En-uk-drove.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/En-uk-drove.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "drove"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "drave"
      },
      "expansion": "drave",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "drave"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English drave",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "draf"
      },
      "expansion": "draf",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "drāf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English drāf",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "drīfan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to drive"
      },
      "expansion": "drīfan (“to drive”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier drave, from Middle English drave, draf, from Old English drāf, first and third person singular indicative preterite of drīfan (“to drive”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "droves",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "droving",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "droved",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "droved",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "drove (third-person singular simple present droves, present participle droving, simple past and past participle droved)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1890, Banjo Paterson, The Man from Snowy River",
          "text": "He's droving now with Conroy's sheep along the Castlereagh.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To herd cattle; particularly over a long distance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "herd",
          "herd"
        ],
        [
          "cattle",
          "cattle"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "drive"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To finish (stone) with a drove chisel."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "finish",
          "finish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To finish (stone) with a drove chisel."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəʊv/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊv"
    },
    {
      "other": "/dɹoʊv/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɹoʊv/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-drove.ogg",
      "audio-ipa": "/dɹoʊv/",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/En-us-drove.ogg/En-us-drove.ogg.mp3",
      "note": "us",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/En-us-drove.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-drove.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/En-uk-drove.ogg/En-uk-drove.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/En-uk-drove.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance",
      "word": "transumare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance",
      "word": "condurre"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance",
      "word": "guidare"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance",
      "word": "whiu"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance",
      "word": "whiuwhiu kararehe"
    }
  ],
  "word": "drove"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.