"chore" meaning in English

See chore in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /t͡ʃɔː/ [Received-Pronunciation], /t͡ʃɔɹ/ [General-American], /t͡ʃo(ː)ɹ/ (note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger), /t͡ʃoə/ (note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chore.wav [Southern-England] Forms: chores [plural]
enPR: chô (note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger), chôr (note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger), chōr (note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ) Etymology: From earlier char, from Middle English charr, charre, cherre (“odd job, turn, occasion, business”), from Old English ċerr, ċierr (“a turn”), from ċierran (“to turn”), from Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”). Cognate with Dutch keer (“time; turn; occasion”), German Kehre (“a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn”). Also related to Saterland Frisian kiere, käire (“to turn”), Old Saxon kērian, Old High German chēran (“to turn”) (German kehren (“to turn”), Dutch keren (“to turn”)). See also char. Etymology templates: {{m|en|char}} char, {{inh|en|enm|charr}} Middle English charr, {{m|enm|charre}} charre, {{m|enm|cherre||odd job, turn, occasion, business}} cherre (“odd job, turn, occasion, business”), {{inh|en|ang|ċerr}} Old English ċerr, {{m|ang|ċierr||a turn}} ċierr (“a turn”), {{m|ang|ċierran||to turn}} ċierran (“to turn”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*karzijaną||to turn}} Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”), {{inh|en|ine-pro|*gers-||to bend, turn}} Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”), {{cog|nl|keer||time; turn; occasion}} Dutch keer (“time; turn; occasion”), {{cog|de|Kehre||a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn}} German Kehre (“a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn”), {{cog|stq|kiere}} Saterland Frisian kiere, {{m|stq|käire||to turn}} käire (“to turn”), {{m|osx|kērian}} kērian, {{m|goh|chēran||to turn}} chēran (“to turn”), {{m|de|kehren||to turn}} kehren (“to turn”), {{m|nl|keren||to turn}} keren (“to turn”), {{m|en|char}} char Head templates: {{en-noun}} chore (plural chores)
  1. A task, especially a difficult, unpleasant, or routine one. Categories (topical): Directives Derived forms: choreful, choreless, chorelike, choresome, chore wheel Related terms: char Translations (a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task): ἀγγαρεία (angareía) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), неприя́тна ра́бота (neprijátna rábota) [feminine] (Bulgarian), 家務 [Hokkien] (Chinese), 家务 (ka-bū) [Hokkien] (Chinese), 家事 (zh-min-nan) [Hokkien] (Chinese), 家務 (Chinese Cantonese), 家务 (gaa1 mou6) (Chinese Cantonese), 家事 (gaa¹ si⁶) (Chinese Cantonese), 家務 (Chinese Mandarin), 家务 (jiāwù) (english: housework) (Chinese Mandarin), 家事 (jiāshì) (english: housework) (Chinese Mandarin), 苦差事 (kǔchāishi) (english: drudgery) (Chinese Mandarin), taak [feminine] (Dutch), farotaĵo (Esperanto), taloustyö (Finnish), askare (Finnish), puuha (Finnish), corvée [feminine] (French), tâche [feminine] (French), leidige Aufgabe [feminine] (German), lästige Pflicht [feminine] (German), Hausarbeit (homework) [feminine] (German), häusliche Arbeit [feminine] (German), αγγαρεία (angareía) [feminine] (Greek), מַטָּלָה (matalá) (Hebrew), házimunka (Hungarian), tasketo (Ido), corvè [feminine] (Italian), 雑用 (zatsuyō) (english: housework) (alt: ざつよう) (Japanese), 家事 (kaji) (english: housework) (alt: かじ) (Japanese), 雑務 (zatsumu) (english: odd jobs) (alt: ざつむ) (Japanese), 가사 (gasa) (alt: 家事) (Korean), 허드렛일 (heodeuresil) (Korean), hverdagsrutine [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), plikt [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), zadanie [neuter] (Polish), tarefa [feminine] (Portuguese), porre [Brazil, masculine] (Portuguese), muncă casnică [feminine] (Romanian), рути́нная рабо́та (rutínnaja rabóta) [feminine] (Russian), дома́шняя рабо́та (domášnjaja rabóta) [feminine] (Russian), неприя́тная рабо́та (neprijátnaja rabóta) (english: unpleasant task) [feminine] (Russian), обя́занность (objázannostʹ) (english: duty) [feminine] (Russian), mandado [masculine] (Spanish), quehacer [masculine] (Spanish), tarea [feminine] (Spanish), (tråkigt) rutinarbete [neuter] (Swedish), (tråkig) rutinuppgift [common-gender] (Swedish), చాకిరీ (cākirī) (Telugu)
    Sense id: en-chore-en-noun-bzJCAPWU Disambiguation of Directives: 39 13 17 31
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

Forms: chores [plural]
Head templates: {{en-noun}} chore (plural chores)
  1. (obsolete) A choir or chorus. Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-chore-en-noun-57PReJdv
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Verb

IPA: /t͡ʃɔː/ [Received-Pronunciation], /t͡ʃɔɹ/ [General-American], /t͡ʃo(ː)ɹ/ (note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger), /t͡ʃoə/ (note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chore.wav [Southern-England] Forms: chores [present, singular, third-person], choring [participle, present], chored [participle, past], chored [past]
enPR: chô (note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger), chôr (note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger), chōr (note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ) Etymology: From earlier char, from Middle English charr, charre, cherre (“odd job, turn, occasion, business”), from Old English ċerr, ċierr (“a turn”), from ċierran (“to turn”), from Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”). Cognate with Dutch keer (“time; turn; occasion”), German Kehre (“a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn”). Also related to Saterland Frisian kiere, käire (“to turn”), Old Saxon kērian, Old High German chēran (“to turn”) (German kehren (“to turn”), Dutch keren (“to turn”)). See also char. Etymology templates: {{m|en|char}} char, {{inh|en|enm|charr}} Middle English charr, {{m|enm|charre}} charre, {{m|enm|cherre||odd job, turn, occasion, business}} cherre (“odd job, turn, occasion, business”), {{inh|en|ang|ċerr}} Old English ċerr, {{m|ang|ċierr||a turn}} ċierr (“a turn”), {{m|ang|ċierran||to turn}} ċierran (“to turn”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*karzijaną||to turn}} Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”), {{inh|en|ine-pro|*gers-||to bend, turn}} Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”), {{cog|nl|keer||time; turn; occasion}} Dutch keer (“time; turn; occasion”), {{cog|de|Kehre||a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn}} German Kehre (“a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn”), {{cog|stq|kiere}} Saterland Frisian kiere, {{m|stq|käire||to turn}} käire (“to turn”), {{m|osx|kērian}} kērian, {{m|goh|chēran||to turn}} chēran (“to turn”), {{m|de|kehren||to turn}} kehren (“to turn”), {{m|nl|keren||to turn}} keren (“to turn”), {{m|en|char}} char Head templates: {{en-verb}} chore (third-person singular simple present chores, present participle choring, simple past and past participle chored)
  1. (US, dated) To do chores. Tags: US, dated
    Sense id: en-chore-en-verb-RGnvKS4c Categories (other): American English
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /t͡ʃɔː/ [Received-Pronunciation], /t͡ʃɔɹ/ [General-American], /t͡ʃo(ː)ɹ/ (note: rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger), /t͡ʃoə/ (note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) Forms: chores [present, singular, third-person], choring [participle, present], chored [participle, past], chored [past]
enPR: chô (note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger), chôr (note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger), chōr (note: non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ) Etymology: Possibly derived from Romani ćor (“thief”), see also Geordie word chor. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|rom|ćor|t=thief}} Romani ćor (“thief”), {{m|en|chor}} chor Head templates: {{en-verb}} chore (third-person singular simple present chores, present participle choring, simple past and past participle chored)
  1. (Scotland, dialect) To steal. Tags: Scotland, dialectal Synonyms: steal [English, standard], thieve [English, standard], twoc [Geordie], chor [Geordie]
    Sense id: en-chore-en-verb-en:steal Categories (other): Scottish English, English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 33 8 17 42 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 22 5 14 60
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for chore meaning in English (19.1kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "char"
      },
      "expansion": "char",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "charr"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English charr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "charre"
      },
      "expansion": "charre",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cherre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "odd job, turn, occasion, business"
      },
      "expansion": "cherre (“odd job, turn, occasion, business”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ċerr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ċerr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ċierr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a turn"
      },
      "expansion": "ċierr (“a turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ċierran",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "ċierran (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*karzijaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gers-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bend, turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "keer",
        "3": "",
        "4": "time; turn; occasion"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch keer (“time; turn; occasion”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kehre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kehre (“a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "kiere"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian kiere",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "käire",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "käire (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "kērian"
      },
      "expansion": "kērian",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "chēran",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "chēran (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "kehren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "kehren (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "keren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "keren (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "char"
      },
      "expansion": "char",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier char, from Middle English charr, charre, cherre (“odd job, turn, occasion, business”), from Old English ċerr, ċierr (“a turn”), from ċierran (“to turn”), from Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”).\nCognate with Dutch keer (“time; turn; occasion”), German Kehre (“a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn”). Also related to Saterland Frisian kiere, käire (“to turn”), Old Saxon kērian, Old High German chēran (“to turn”) (German kehren (“to turn”), Dutch keren (“to turn”)). See also char.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chores",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chore (plural chores)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 13 17 31",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Directives",
          "orig": "en:Directives",
          "parents": [
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "choreful"
        },
        {
          "word": "choreless"
        },
        {
          "word": "chorelike"
        },
        {
          "word": "choresome"
        },
        {
          "word": "chore wheel"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Washing dishes is a chore, but we cannot just stop eating.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The children were made to do their daily chores before being allowed to play games.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "I used to enjoy being self-employed, but it's become a bit of a chore recently.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1978, Richard Nixon, RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Grosset & Dunlap, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 418",
          "text": "Shorty after his nomination as Chief Justice was announced, it came to light that while on the Court, Fortas, a close friend of Johnson's, had performed a number of personal and political chores for him. This was a clear violation of the principle of separation of powers.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A task, especially a difficult, unpleasant, or routine one."
      ],
      "id": "en-chore-en-noun-bzJCAPWU",
      "links": [
        [
          "task",
          "task"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "unpleasant",
          "unpleasant"
        ],
        [
          "routine",
          "routine"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "char"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "neprijátna rábota",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "неприя́тна ра́бота"
        },
        {
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "家務"
        },
        {
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "roman": "gaa1 mou6",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "家务"
        },
        {
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "roman": "gaa¹ si⁶",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "家事"
        },
        {
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "家務"
        },
        {
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "roman": "ka-bū",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "家务"
        },
        {
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "roman": "zh-min-nan",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "家事"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "家務"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "english": "housework",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiāwù",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "家务"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "english": "housework",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiāshì",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "家事"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "english": "drudgery",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "kǔchāishi",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "苦差事"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "taak"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "farotaĵo"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "taloustyö"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "askare"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "puuha"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "corvée"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tâche"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "leidige Aufgabe"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lästige Pflicht"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Hausarbeit (homework)"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "häusliche Arbeit"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "angareía",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "αγγαρεία"
        },
        {
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "angareía",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ἀγγαρεία"
        },
        {
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "matalá",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "מַטָּלָה"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "házimunka"
        },
        {
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "tasketo"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "corvè"
        },
        {
          "alt": "ざつよう",
          "code": "ja",
          "english": "housework",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "zatsuyō",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "雑用"
        },
        {
          "alt": "かじ",
          "code": "ja",
          "english": "housework",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kaji",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "家事"
        },
        {
          "alt": "ざつむ",
          "code": "ja",
          "english": "odd jobs",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "zatsumu",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "雑務"
        },
        {
          "alt": "家事",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gasa",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "가사"
        },
        {
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "heodeuresil",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "허드렛일"
        },
        {
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hverdagsrutine"
        },
        {
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plikt"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "zadanie"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tarefa"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "Brazil",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "porre"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "muncă casnică"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rutínnaja rabóta",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "рути́нная рабо́та"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "domášnjaja rabóta",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "дома́шняя рабо́та"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "unpleasant task",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "neprijátnaja rabóta",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "неприя́тная рабо́та"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "duty",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "objázannostʹ",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "обя́занность"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mandado"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "quehacer"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tarea"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "(tråkigt) rutinarbete"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "(tråkig) rutinuppgift"
        },
        {
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "cākirī",
          "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
          "word": "చాకిరీ"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔɹ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃo(ː)ɹ/",
      "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃoə/",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chore.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chô",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chôr",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chōr",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chore"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "char"
      },
      "expansion": "char",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "charr"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English charr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "charre"
      },
      "expansion": "charre",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cherre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "odd job, turn, occasion, business"
      },
      "expansion": "cherre (“odd job, turn, occasion, business”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ċerr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ċerr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ċierr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a turn"
      },
      "expansion": "ċierr (“a turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ċierran",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "ċierran (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*karzijaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gers-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bend, turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "keer",
        "3": "",
        "4": "time; turn; occasion"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch keer (“time; turn; occasion”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kehre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kehre (“a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "kiere"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian kiere",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "käire",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "käire (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "kērian"
      },
      "expansion": "kērian",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "chēran",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "chēran (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "kehren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "kehren (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "keren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "keren (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "char"
      },
      "expansion": "char",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier char, from Middle English charr, charre, cherre (“odd job, turn, occasion, business”), from Old English ċerr, ċierr (“a turn”), from ċierran (“to turn”), from Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”).\nCognate with Dutch keer (“time; turn; occasion”), German Kehre (“a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn”). Also related to Saterland Frisian kiere, käire (“to turn”), Old Saxon kērian, Old High German chēran (“to turn”) (German kehren (“to turn”), Dutch keren (“to turn”)). See also char.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chores",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "choring",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chored",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chored",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chore (third-person singular simple present chores, present participle choring, simple past and past participle chored)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "American English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To do chores."
      ],
      "id": "en-chore-en-verb-RGnvKS4c",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US, dated) To do chores."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "dated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔɹ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃo(ː)ɹ/",
      "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃoə/",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chore.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chô",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chôr",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chōr",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chore"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rom",
        "3": "ćor",
        "t": "thief"
      },
      "expansion": "Romani ćor (“thief”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chor"
      },
      "expansion": "chor",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly derived from Romani ćor (“thief”), see also Geordie word chor.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chores",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "choring",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chored",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chored",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chore (third-person singular simple present chores, present participle choring, simple past and past participle chored)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 8 17 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 5 14 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To steal."
      ],
      "id": "en-chore-en-verb-en:steal",
      "links": [
        [
          "steal",
          "steal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Scotland, dialect) To steal."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:steal"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "English",
            "standard"
          ],
          "word": "steal"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "English",
            "standard"
          ],
          "word": "thieve"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Geordie"
          ],
          "word": "twoc"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Geordie"
          ],
          "word": "chor"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔɹ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃo(ː)ɹ/",
      "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃoə/",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chô",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chôr",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chōr",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chore"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chores",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chore (plural chores)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A choir or chorus."
      ],
      "id": "en-chore-en-noun-57PReJdv",
      "links": [
        [
          "choir",
          "choir"
        ],
        [
          "chorus",
          "chorus"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A choir or chorus."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chore"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)/1 syllable",
    "en:Directives"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "choreful"
    },
    {
      "word": "choreless"
    },
    {
      "word": "chorelike"
    },
    {
      "word": "choresome"
    },
    {
      "word": "chore wheel"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "char"
      },
      "expansion": "char",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "charr"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English charr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "charre"
      },
      "expansion": "charre",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cherre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "odd job, turn, occasion, business"
      },
      "expansion": "cherre (“odd job, turn, occasion, business”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ċerr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ċerr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ċierr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a turn"
      },
      "expansion": "ċierr (“a turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ċierran",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "ċierran (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*karzijaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gers-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bend, turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "keer",
        "3": "",
        "4": "time; turn; occasion"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch keer (“time; turn; occasion”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kehre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kehre (“a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "kiere"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian kiere",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "käire",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "käire (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "kērian"
      },
      "expansion": "kērian",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "chēran",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "chēran (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "kehren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "kehren (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "keren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "keren (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "char"
      },
      "expansion": "char",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier char, from Middle English charr, charre, cherre (“odd job, turn, occasion, business”), from Old English ċerr, ċierr (“a turn”), from ċierran (“to turn”), from Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”).\nCognate with Dutch keer (“time; turn; occasion”), German Kehre (“a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn”). Also related to Saterland Frisian kiere, käire (“to turn”), Old Saxon kērian, Old High German chēran (“to turn”) (German kehren (“to turn”), Dutch keren (“to turn”)). See also char.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chores",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chore (plural chores)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "char"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Washing dishes is a chore, but we cannot just stop eating.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The children were made to do their daily chores before being allowed to play games.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "I used to enjoy being self-employed, but it's become a bit of a chore recently.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1978, Richard Nixon, RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Grosset & Dunlap, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 418",
          "text": "Shorty after his nomination as Chief Justice was announced, it came to light that while on the Court, Fortas, a close friend of Johnson's, had performed a number of personal and political chores for him. This was a clear violation of the principle of separation of powers.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A task, especially a difficult, unpleasant, or routine one."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "task",
          "task"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "unpleasant",
          "unpleasant"
        ],
        [
          "routine",
          "routine"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔɹ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃo(ː)ɹ/",
      "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃoə/",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chore.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chô",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chôr",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chōr",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "neprijátna rábota",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "неприя́тна ра́бота"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "家務"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "gaa1 mou6",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "家务"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "gaa¹ si⁶",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "家事"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "家務"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "ka-bū",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "家务"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "zh-min-nan",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "家事"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "家務"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "english": "housework",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiāwù",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "家务"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "english": "housework",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiāshì",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "家事"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "english": "drudgery",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "kǔchāishi",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "苦差事"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "taak"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "farotaĵo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "taloustyö"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "askare"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "puuha"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "corvée"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tâche"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "leidige Aufgabe"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lästige Pflicht"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Hausarbeit (homework)"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "häusliche Arbeit"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "angareía",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "αγγαρεία"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "angareía",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ἀγγαρεία"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "matalá",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "מַטָּלָה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "házimunka"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "tasketo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "corvè"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ざつよう",
      "code": "ja",
      "english": "housework",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "zatsuyō",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "雑用"
    },
    {
      "alt": "かじ",
      "code": "ja",
      "english": "housework",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kaji",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "家事"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ざつむ",
      "code": "ja",
      "english": "odd jobs",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "zatsumu",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "雑務"
    },
    {
      "alt": "家事",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gasa",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "가사"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "heodeuresil",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "허드렛일"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hverdagsrutine"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plikt"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "zadanie"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tarefa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "porre"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "muncă casnică"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rutínnaja rabóta",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "рути́нная рабо́та"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "domášnjaja rabóta",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "дома́шняя рабо́та"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "unpleasant task",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "neprijátnaja rabóta",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "неприя́тная рабо́та"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "duty",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "objázannostʹ",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "обя́занность"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mandado"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "quehacer"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tarea"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "(tråkigt) rutinarbete"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "(tråkig) rutinuppgift"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "cākirī",
      "sense": "a difficult, unpleasant, or routine task",
      "word": "చాకిరీ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chore"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)/1 syllable",
    "en:Directives"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "char"
      },
      "expansion": "char",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "charr"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English charr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "charre"
      },
      "expansion": "charre",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cherre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "odd job, turn, occasion, business"
      },
      "expansion": "cherre (“odd job, turn, occasion, business”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ċerr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ċerr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ċierr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a turn"
      },
      "expansion": "ċierr (“a turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ċierran",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "ċierran (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*karzijaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gers-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bend, turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "keer",
        "3": "",
        "4": "time; turn; occasion"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch keer (“time; turn; occasion”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kehre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kehre (“a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "kiere"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian kiere",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "käire",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "käire (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "kērian"
      },
      "expansion": "kērian",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "chēran",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "chēran (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "kehren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "kehren (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "keren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "keren (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "char"
      },
      "expansion": "char",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier char, from Middle English charr, charre, cherre (“odd job, turn, occasion, business”), from Old English ċerr, ċierr (“a turn”), from ċierran (“to turn”), from Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”).\nCognate with Dutch keer (“time; turn; occasion”), German Kehre (“a turn; bend; wind; back-flip; u-turn”). Also related to Saterland Frisian kiere, käire (“to turn”), Old Saxon kērian, Old High German chēran (“to turn”) (German kehren (“to turn”), Dutch keren (“to turn”)). See also char.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chores",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "choring",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chored",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chored",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chore (third-person singular simple present chores, present participle choring, simple past and past participle chored)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "American English",
        "English dated terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To do chores."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US, dated) To do chores."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "dated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔɹ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃo(ː)ɹ/",
      "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃoə/",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chore.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chore.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chô",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chôr",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chōr",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chore"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Romani",
    "English terms derived from Romani",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)/1 syllable",
    "en:Directives"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rom",
        "3": "ćor",
        "t": "thief"
      },
      "expansion": "Romani ćor (“thief”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chor"
      },
      "expansion": "chor",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly derived from Romani ćor (“thief”), see also Geordie word chor.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chores",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "choring",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chored",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chored",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chore (third-person singular simple present chores, present participle choring, simple past and past participle chored)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms",
        "Scottish English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To steal."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "steal",
          "steal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Scotland, dialect) To steal."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:steal"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔɹ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃo(ː)ɹ/",
      "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃoə/",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chô",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chôr",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "chōr",
      "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "English",
        "standard"
      ],
      "word": "steal"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "English",
        "standard"
      ],
      "word": "thieve"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Geordie"
      ],
      "word": "twoc"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Geordie"
      ],
      "word": "chor"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chore"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "en:Directives"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chores",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chore (plural chores)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A choir or chorus."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "choir",
          "choir"
        ],
        [
          "chorus",
          "chorus"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A choir or chorus."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chore"
}
{
  "called_from": "page/2386",
  "msg": "inconsistent language codes cmn vs yue in translation item: 't' {1: 'yue', 2: '家事', 'tr': 'gaa1 si6'}",
  "path": [
    "chore",
    "t"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chore",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2386",
  "msg": "inconsistent language codes cmn vs nan-hbl in translation item: 't+' {1: 'nan-hbl', 2: '家事', 'tr': 'ka-sū'}",
  "path": [
    "chore",
    "t+"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chore",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": ka-sū vs. zh-min-nan",
  "path": [
    "chore"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chore",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": homework vs. domášnjaja rabóta",
  "path": [
    "chore"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chore",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.