See alienate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "alienat"
},
"expansion": "Middle English alienat",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "aliēnātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin aliēnātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alien",
"3": "-ate",
"id2": "adjective",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "adjective-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, alien + -ate (adjective-forming suffix)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English alienat, from Latin aliēnātus, perfect passive participle of aliēnō (“alienate, estrange”), from aliēnus, by surface analysis, alien + -ate (adjective-forming suffix). See alien, and compare aliene.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "alienate (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 29 7 33 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gilbertese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 33 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, line 4643:",
"text": "O alienate from God.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Estranged; withdrawn in affection; foreign"
],
"id": "en-alienate-en-adj-WT7OCZWw",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"Estranged",
"estranged"
],
[
"withdrawn",
"withdrawn"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, followed by \"from\") Estranged; withdrawn in affection; foreign"
],
"raw_tags": [
"followed by \"from\""
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alienate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "alienate"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alien",
"3": "-ate",
"id2": "substantive",
"pos2": "noun-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "alien + -ate (noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a substantivation of aliēnātus. Equivalent to alien + -ate (noun-forming suffix)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alienates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "alienate (plural alienates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 29 7 33 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gilbertese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 33 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stranger; an alien."
],
"id": "en-alienate-en-noun-e-h8XsuP",
"links": [
[
"stranger",
"stranger"
],
[
"alien",
"alien"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A stranger; an alien."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alienate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "alienate"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “estrange”",
"word": "accept"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “estrange”",
"word": "befriend"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "abalienate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "realienate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unalienate"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alien",
"3": "-ate",
"id2": "verb",
"pos2": "verb-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "alien + -ate (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From alien + -ate (verb-forming suffix)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alienates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alienating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "alienated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "alienated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "alienate (third-person singular simple present alienates, present participle alienating, simple past and past participle alienated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of."
],
"id": "en-alienate-en-verb-~uPI0HCS",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "převést"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "vervreemden"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "siirtää"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "aliéner"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "allear"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "alienare"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "cedere"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "vendere"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "trasferire"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "atsavināt"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ótuǵi",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "о́туѓи"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "whakarere rawa"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "fremmedgjøre"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "alienować"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otčuždátʹ",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отчужда́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otčudítʹ",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отчуди́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "enajenar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidčúžuvaty",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "відчу́жувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 10",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidčúžyty",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "відчу́жити"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 7 55 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 10 35 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 12 40 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 7 36 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 7 34 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 25 5 32 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 6 47 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 13 36 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 11 45 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 7 34 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 13 38 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 7 34 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 14 9 39 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 29 7 33 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gilbertese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 6 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 10 41 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 16 7 34 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 44 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 44 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 44 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 24 7 34 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 7 46 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 7 34 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 8 32 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 7 34 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 13 9 46 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 9 29 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 33 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 44 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 12 44 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 7 34 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 1, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:",
"text": "The errors which […] alienated a loyal gentry and priesthood from the House of Stuart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1832, [Isaac Taylor], Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC:",
"text": "The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the more alienates him from the realities of the present.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:",
"text": "The Communists had considerable influence in the Labour Party in the years 1920–26 and 1935–9. Their chief importance, and that of the whole left wing of the Labour movement, was the part they played in alienating the middle classes from Socialism.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 March 22, Mike Esbester, “Staff, the public and industry will suffer”, in RAIL, number 979, page 39:",
"text": "In April and early May, the NUR and ASLEF threatened a three-day strike. Opinion on this was divided, both within the unions and among the public. Commentators saw the strike as likely to alienate the public and unlikely to win significant changes in terms of closures and job losses.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To estrange; to withdraw affections or attention from; to make indifferent or averse, where love or friendship before subsisted."
],
"id": "en-alienate-en-verb-ZUniCUxm",
"links": [
[
"estrange",
"estrange"
],
[
"withdraw",
"withdraw"
],
[
"indifferent",
"indifferent"
],
[
"averse",
"averse"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "2 93 6",
"sense": "estrange",
"word": "estrange"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 93 6",
"sense": "estrange",
"word": "antagonize"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 93 6",
"sense": "estrange",
"word": "isolate"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 93 6",
"sense": "estrange",
"word": "marginalize"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "疏遠"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shūyuǎn",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "疏远"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "odcizit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odtrhnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "znepřátelit si"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "fremmedgøre"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "vervreemden"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "fremdigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "styggja frá sær"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "vieraannuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "aliéner"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "befremden"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "entfremden"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "framaþjan",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apoxenóno",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "αποξενώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nikér",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "ניכר"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "estraniarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "allontanarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "utomu",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "疎む"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "utonjiru",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "疎んじる"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sogai suru",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "疎外する"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nakamahazure ni suru",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "仲間外れにする"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "habu ni suru",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "ハブにする"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "aliēnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "abaliēnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "atsvešināt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ótuǵi",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "о́туѓи"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "barra"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "whakakaikiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "fremmedgjøre"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "āfremdan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "alienować"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyalienować"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zalienować"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otčuždátʹ",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отчужда́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otčudítʹ",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отчуди́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvraščátʹ",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отвраща́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvratítʹ",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отврати́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otdaljátʹ",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отдаля́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otdalítʹ",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отдали́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidčúžuvaty",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "відчу́жувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 94 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidčúžyty",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "відчу́жити"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 29 7 33 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gilbertese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 6 33 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause one to feel unable to relate."
],
"id": "en-alienate-en-verb-jJYOMSmk",
"links": [
[
"relate",
"relate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alienate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "alienate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)",
"English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Gilbertese translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gilbertese translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "alienat"
},
"expansion": "Middle English alienat",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "aliēnātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin aliēnātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alien",
"3": "-ate",
"id2": "adjective",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "adjective-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, alien + -ate (adjective-forming suffix)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English alienat, from Latin aliēnātus, perfect passive participle of aliēnō (“alienate, estrange”), from aliēnus, by surface analysis, alien + -ate (adjective-forming suffix). See alien, and compare aliene.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "alienate (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, line 4643:",
"text": "O alienate from God.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Estranged; withdrawn in affection; foreign"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"Estranged",
"estranged"
],
[
"withdrawn",
"withdrawn"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, followed by \"from\") Estranged; withdrawn in affection; foreign"
],
"raw_tags": [
"followed by \"from\""
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alienate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "alienate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)",
"English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Gilbertese translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gilbertese translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alien",
"3": "-ate",
"id2": "substantive",
"pos2": "noun-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "alien + -ate (noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a substantivation of aliēnātus. Equivalent to alien + -ate (noun-forming suffix)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alienates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "alienate (plural alienates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A stranger; an alien."
],
"links": [
[
"stranger",
"stranger"
],
[
"alien",
"alien"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A stranger; an alien."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alienate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "alienate"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “estrange”",
"word": "accept"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “estrange”",
"word": "befriend"
}
],
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Gilbertese translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gilbertese translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "abalienate"
},
{
"word": "realienate"
},
{
"word": "unalienate"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alien",
"3": "-ate",
"id2": "verb",
"pos2": "verb-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "alien + -ate (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From alien + -ate (verb-forming suffix)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alienates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alienating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "alienated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "alienated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "alienate (third-person singular simple present alienates, present participle alienating, simple past and past participle alienated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 1, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:",
"text": "The errors which […] alienated a loyal gentry and priesthood from the House of Stuart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1832, [Isaac Taylor], Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC:",
"text": "The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the more alienates him from the realities of the present.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:",
"text": "The Communists had considerable influence in the Labour Party in the years 1920–26 and 1935–9. Their chief importance, and that of the whole left wing of the Labour movement, was the part they played in alienating the middle classes from Socialism.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 March 22, Mike Esbester, “Staff, the public and industry will suffer”, in RAIL, number 979, page 39:",
"text": "In April and early May, the NUR and ASLEF threatened a three-day strike. Opinion on this was divided, both within the unions and among the public. Commentators saw the strike as likely to alienate the public and unlikely to win significant changes in terms of closures and job losses.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To estrange; to withdraw affections or attention from; to make indifferent or averse, where love or friendship before subsisted."
],
"links": [
[
"estrange",
"estrange"
],
[
"withdraw",
"withdraw"
],
[
"indifferent",
"indifferent"
],
[
"averse",
"averse"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cause one to feel unable to relate."
],
"links": [
[
"relate",
"relate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alienate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alienate.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "estrange",
"word": "estrange"
},
{
"sense": "estrange",
"word": "antagonize"
},
{
"sense": "estrange",
"word": "isolate"
},
{
"sense": "estrange",
"word": "marginalize"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "převést"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "vervreemden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "siirtää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "aliéner"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "allear"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "alienare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "cedere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "vendere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "trasferire"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "atsavināt"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ótuǵi",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "о́туѓи"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "whakarere rawa"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "fremmedgjøre"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "alienować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otčuždátʹ",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отчужда́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otčudítʹ",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отчуди́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"word": "enajenar"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidčúžuvaty",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "відчу́жувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidčúžyty",
"sense": "to convey or transfer",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "відчу́жити"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "疏遠"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shūyuǎn",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "疏远"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "odcizit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odtrhnout"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "znepřátelit si"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "fremmedgøre"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "vervreemden"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "fremdigi"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "styggja frá sær"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "vieraannuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "aliéner"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "befremden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "entfremden"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "framaþjan",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apoxenóno",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "αποξενώνω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nikér",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "ניכר"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "estraniarsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "allontanarsi"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "utomu",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "疎む"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "utonjiru",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "疎んじる"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sogai suru",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "疎外する"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nakamahazure ni suru",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "仲間外れにする"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "habu ni suru",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "ハブにする"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "aliēnō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "abaliēnō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "atsvešināt"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ótuǵi",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "о́туѓи"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "barra"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "whakakaikiri"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "fremmedgjøre"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "āfremdan"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "alienować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyalienować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zalienować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otčuždátʹ",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отчужда́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otčudítʹ",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отчуди́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvraščátʹ",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отвраща́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvratítʹ",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отврати́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otdaljátʹ",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отдаля́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otdalítʹ",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отдали́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to estrange",
"word": "alienar"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidčúžuvaty",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "відчу́жувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidčúžyty",
"sense": "to estrange",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "відчу́жити"
}
],
"word": "alienate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for alienate meaning in English (18.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.